Nineteenth-Century Philosophy : Revolutionary Responses to the Existing Order

The second half of the 19th Century saw a revolution in both European politics and philosophy. Philosophical fervour reflected political fervour. Five great critics dominated the European intellectual scene: Ludwig Feuerbach, Karl Marx, Soren Kierkegaard, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Friedrich Nietzsche. "Nineteenth-Century Philosophy" assesses the response of each of these leading figures to Hegelian philosophy - the dominant paradigm of the time - to the shifting political landscape of Europe and the United States, and also to the emerging critique of modernity itself. Both individually and collectively, these thinkers succeeded in revolutionizing theology, philosophy, psychology, and politics. The period also saw the emergence of new schools of thought and new disciplinary thinking. The volume covers the birth of sociology and the social sciences, the development of French spiritualism, the beginning of American pragmatism, the rise of science and mathematics, and the maturation of hermeneutics and phenomenology. Beginning with Kant and the earliest responses to his critical philosophy and ending with the latest developments in continental thinking across a range of disciplines, these volumes present the first coherent and comprehensive history of the continental tradition of philosophy. Divided, chronologically and thematically, into eight volumes, the "History of Continental Philosophy" is an indispensable resource for anyone conducting research or teaching in philosophy and related fields inthe humanities and social sciences where the influence of continental theory has been widespread. Alan Schrift has brought together an internationally renowned team of volume editors and contributors to provide an unrivalled analysis of the complex and interconnected history of continental philosophy that will become a reference point for all future work in the field. Vol. 1 Kant, Kantianism, and idealism: the origins of continental philosophy -- ed. by Thomas Nenon. Vol. 2 Nineteenth-century philosophy: revolutionary responses to the existing order -- ed. by Alan D. Schrift ... [et al.] Vol. 3 The new century: Bergsonism, phenomenology, and responses to modern science -- ed. by Keith Ansell-Pearson ... [et al.] Vol. 4 Phenomenology: responses and developments -- ed. by Leonard Lawlor. Vol. 5 Critical theory to structuralism: philosophy, politics, and the human sciences -- ed. by David Ingram. Vol. 6 Poststructuralism and critical theory's second generation -- ed. by Alan D. Schrift. Vol. 7 After poststructuralism: transitions and transformations -- ed. by Rosi Braidotti. Vol. 8 Emerging trends in continental philosophy -- ed. by Todd May. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Series Preface 8 Contributors 14 Introduction 18 1. Feuerbach and the Left and Right Hegelians 34 2. Marx and Marxism 52 3. Søren Kierkegaard 82 4. Dostoevsky and Russian philosophy 102 5. Life after the death of God: thus spoke Nietzsche 120 6. Hermeneutics: Schleiermacher and Dilthey 156 7. French spiritualist philosophy 178 8. The emergence of sociology and its theories: from Comte to Weber 194 9. Developments in philosophy of science and mathematics 210 10. Peirce: pragmatism and nature after Hegel 234 11. Aesthetics and the philosophy of art, 1840–1900 256 Chronology 278 Bibliography 302 Index 318 Revolutionary Responses to the Existing Order