نیکوتین و سایر ترکیبات تنباکو در بیماری‌های نورودژنراتیو و روان‌پزشکی: مرور داده‌های اپیدمیولوژیک دربارهٔ سیگار کشیدن و داده‌های پیش‌بالینی و بالینی دربارهٔ نیکوتین

__Nicotine and Other Tobacco Compounds in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: Epidemiological Data on Smoking and Preclinical and Clinical Data on Nicotine__ provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiological data on smoking and several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Tourette’s syndrome, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and ADHD, as well as preclinical and clinical data on the effects of nicotine. Despite the obvious and undisputed harmful nature of smoking, evidence suggests that some tobacco and tobacco smoke-derived constituents may offer neuroprotective effects, possibly in combinations, rather than individually. This unprecedented book describes the complex relationships between smoking and neurological disease and the bioactive compounds found in tobacco. It provides a comprehensive review of nicotine and other compounds found in tobacco plant, with scientific evidence of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that may act in conjunction with nicotine to exert neuroprotective effects observed in smokers. By presenting findings beyond harmful cigarette smoke effects, attention can be drawn to individual compounds of tobacco that may serve as inspiration for further therapy development. Front Cover Nicotine and Other Tobacco Compounds in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: Overview of Epidemiological Data on Smo... Copyright Contents Disclaimer Acknowledgments Foreword Introduction Search Methods Part I: Overview of Epidemiological Data on Smoking and Preclinical and Clinical Data on Nicotine Chapter 1: Parkinson's Disease 1.1 Symptoms and Epidemiology 1.2 Molecular Mechanisms 1.3 Impact of Smoking, Snus, and Nicotine 1.3.1 Smoking and PD: Epidemiological Evidence 1.3.2 Snus and PD: Epidemiological Evidence 1.3.3 Nicotine and PD: Clinical Evidence 1.3.4 Nicotine and PD: Preclinical Evidence 1.3.5 nAChRs in PD 1.3.6 Summary Chapter 2: Alzheimer's Disease 2.1 Symptoms and Epidemiology 2.2 Molecular Mechanisms 2.3 Impact of Smoking and Nicotine 2.3.1 Smoking and AD: Epidemiological Evidence 2.3.2 Nicotine and AD: Clinical Evidence 2.3.3 Nicotine and AD: Preclinical Evidence 2.3.4 nAChRs in AD 2.3.5 Summary Chapter 3: Multiple Sclerosis 3.1 Symptoms and Epidemiology 3.2 Molecular Mechanisms 3.3 Impact of Smoking, Snus, and Nicotine 3.3.1 Smoking and MS: Epidemiological Evidence 3.3.2 Snus and MS: Epidemiological Evidence 3.3.3 Nicotine and MS: Preclinical Evidence 3.3.4 nAChRs in MS 3.3.5 Summary Chapter 4: Schizophrenia 4.1 Symptoms and Epidemiology 4.2 Molecular Mechanisms 4.3 Impact of Smoking and Nicotine 4.3.1 Smoking and Schizophrenia: Epidemiological Evidence 4.3.2 Nicotine and Schizophrenia: Clinical Evidence 4.3.3 Nicotine and Schizophrenia: Preclinical Evidence 4.3.4 Summary Chapter 5: Tourette Syndrome 5.1 Symptoms, Epidemiology, and Potential Causes 5.2 Impact of Smoking and Nicotine 5.2.1 Smoking and TS: Epidemiological Evidence 5.2.2 Nicotine and TS: Clinical Evidence 5.2.3 Nicotine and TS: Preclinical Evidence 5.2.4 Summary Chapter 6: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults 6.1 Symptoms, Epidemiology, and Potential Causes 6.2 Impact of Smoking and Nicotine 6.2.1 Smoking and ADHD: Epidemiological Evidence 6.2.2 Nicotine and ADHD: Clinical Evidence 6.2.3 Nicotine and ADHD: Preclinical Evidence 6.2.4 Summary Chapter 7: Depression 7.1 Symptoms, Epidemiology, and Potential Causes 7.2 Impact of Smoking and Nicotine 7.2.1 Smoking and Depression: Epidemiological Evidence 7.2.2 Nicotine and Depression: Clinical Evidence 7.2.3 Nicotine and Depression: Preclinical Evidence 7.2.4 Summary Chapter 8: Anxiety 8.1 Symptoms, Epidemiology, and Potential Causes 8.2 Impact of Smoking and Nicotine 8.2.1 Smoking and Anxiety: Epidemiological Evidence 8.2.2 Nicotine and Anxiety: Clinical and Preclinical Evidence 8.2.3 Summary Part II: Overview of the Pharmacology of Nicotine and Other Tobacco-Derived Compounds Chapter 9: Nicotine 9.1 Pharmacological Considerations 9.1.1 Neuropharmacological Effects of Nicotine 9.1.2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors 9.1.3 Nicotine Effects on Neurotransmitter Systems 9.1.4 Nicotine Effects on Molecular Signaling 9.1.5 nAChRs in Mitochondria 9.1.6 nAChRs in Neural Stem Cells 9.1.7 nAChRs in Microglia 9.1.8 Transmembrane Nicotine Transport 9.1.9 nAChRs in Developing Brain α7 α4β2 α3β4 9.1.10 Summary 9.2 Impact of Nicotine on Brain Development 9.2.1 Impact of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Development of Brain 9.2.2 Impact on Hormone Synthesis Relevant for Brain Development 9.2.3 Impact of Developmental Exposure to Nicotine on nAChRs Expression 9.2.4 Impact of Prenatally Administered Nicotine on Neurotransmitter Systems 9.2.5 Summary 9.3 nAChR Agonists Chapter 10: Other Compounds From Tobacco With Potential Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases 10.1 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapy 10.2 Other Tobacco Compounds and Neuroprotection 10.2.1 Anatabine and Anabasine 10.2.2 ß-Carboline 10.2.3 ß-Sitosterol 10.2.4 Caffeic Acid 10.2.5 Cembranoids 10.2.6 Chlorogenic Acid 10.2.7 Cotinine 10.2.8 Ferulic Acid 10.2.9 Quinoline 10.2.10 Resorcinol 10.2.11 Rutin 10.2.12 Scopoletin 10.2.13 Summary Chapter 11: Research Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Major Considerations for Translatability Chapter 12: Concluding Remarks Abbreviations References Index Back Cover Nicotine and Other Tobacco Compounds in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: Epidemiological Data on Smoking and Preclinical and Clinical Data on Nicotine provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiological data on smoking and several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and ADHD, as well as preclinical and clinical data on the effects of nicotine. Despite the obvious and undisputed harmful nature of smoking, evidence suggests that some tobacco and tobacco smoke-derived constituents may offer neuroprotective effects, possibly in combinations, rather than individually. This unprecedented book describes the complex relationships between smoking and neurological disease and the bioactive compounds found in tobacco. It provides a comprehensive review of nicotine and other compounds found in tobacco plant, with scientific evidence of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that may act in conjunction with nicotine to exert neuroprotective effects observed in smokers. By presenting findings beyond harmful cigarette smoke effects, attention can be drawn to individual compounds of tobacco that may serve as inspiration for further therapy development. Presents the first comprehensive, tabulated summary of literature on the epidemiological data on smoking and neurological disease Includes preclinical and clinical data on nicotine in neurological diseases and mechanisms of action of nicotine in neuroprotection Features a comprehensive summary of non-nicotine smoke constituents with potentially neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties Discusses Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease, Schizophrenia, Depression, ADHD, Anxiety and Tourette's Syndrome in the context of smoking and nicotine This volume provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiological data on smoking and several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and ADHD, as well as preclinical and clinical data on the effects of nicotine