New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium IV (New Technology-Based Firms)

This eleventh volume derived from the Annual International High Technology Small Firms (HTSFs) Conference, and the edited book series of which it forms part, is a detailed testimony to the progress of academic research on this specialist, but highly important, area of industrial activity. In particular, research from this series is intended to provide a basis for new "evidence-based" government policy, although governments in many developed economies have often been seduced by "fads", in circumstances where policy solutions are crudely adopted without convincing evidence of their efficacy. None the less, it is most important for academics, although they may be occasionally ignored, to continue to pursue independent research of the type contained within this series in order to provide research-based policy options, and commentary on the quality of the current policy environment for HTSFs in different national contexts. As in the case of previous volumes in this series, the current collection of papers inform many issues important to policy as governments seek to promote HTSF formation and growth. In this volume individual papers are grouped into three main sections; these are "Theory", "Strategy" and "Clustering and Spin Off Firms". Regarding Theory, all five papers grouped under this heading are concerned, either with high technology entrepreneurship in general, or academic high technology small firm entrepreneurship in particular, with four of the five papers strongly focussed on academic entrepreneurial examples. The Strategy section is again comprised of five papers, which broadly explore how diverse business ideas are operationalised in terms of strategy. A long standing interest in academic spin-offs in this book series has been more recently re-invigorated by a sudden interest in clustering which, through the related topics of incubation, science park formation and sub-regional high technology clustering has prompted linked research on the formation and growth of HTSFs in specialist locations, mainly through spin off. In the final Clustering and Spin Off section, the four individual papers are either concerned with how "spin offs" can contribute to HTSF cluster growth in industrial districts, or in the environs of major core regional universities. Cover......Page 1 New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium, Volume IV......Page 4 Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 8 1. Introduction......Page 12 Strategy......Page 14 References......Page 15 Part I. Theory......Page 18 Introduction......Page 20 The Evolution of Science Enterprise Knowledge......Page 22 The Development of Science Enterprise Capability......Page 25 The Venture Creation Process......Page 27 Conclusions and Suggested Research Agenda......Page 28 References......Page 31 Introduction......Page 34 An Increasingly Commercial Research and IP Focus......Page 35 Mobilising and Developing Human and “Potential” Entrepreneurial Capital......Page 36 Technology Entrepreneurship and Academia......Page 37 The Context and Approach......Page 40 The Technology Entrepreneurship Programme......Page 41 Programme Design and Delivery......Page 42 Results from the First ThreeYears of the Programme......Page 44 Participant Reflections......Page 45 Conclusions for Education and Economic Development......Page 48 References......Page 50 Introduction......Page 52 SME Innovation and the Co-Evolution of Territorial Innovation Knowledge Assets......Page 54 The Co-Evolutionary Model of Innovation......Page 55 University Technology Transfer Activities: Institution or Innovation?......Page 56 Universities as Institutional Innovators......Page 57 Research Method, Analytic Approach and Study Background......Page 60 Universities’ Business Interaction Innovation Processes......Page 61 The Firms’ Contribution to the Universities’ Innovation Processes......Page 63 Universities as Institutional Innovators: Towards a Barriers Approach?......Page 65 Extending the Sophistication Approach: Barriers to Improvement......Page 68 Concluding Discussion: Latency and Enactment in University/Business Interactions......Page 69 References......Page 70 Introduction......Page 74 The Entrepreneur......Page 76 Alertness......Page 77 Environmental Influences......Page 78 Developing and Growing “Entrepreneurial” Experience......Page 79 Existing Technical and Managerial Experience......Page 81 The Current State Opportunity Recognition Theory......Page 83 Towards a Model of Opportunity Recognition......Page 84 Conclusions......Page 87 References......Page 88 Part II. Strategy......Page 92 Introduction......Page 94 Background Characteristics of the CEOs and their Businesses......Page 95 Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO)......Page 97 Pro-activeness......Page 98 Innovativeness......Page 99 Risk-taking......Page 101 Entrepreneurial Orientation and Recent Performance......Page 102 Entrepreneurs’ Objectives and Intentions......Page 104 Conclusions......Page 108 Appendix......Page 109 References......Page 111 Introduction......Page 114 A Virtual Drug Company......Page 116 A More Integrated Company......Page 118 Industry Review......Page 120 Do Biopharmaceutical Start-Ups Understand their Living Environment?......Page 121 How Might an Individual Bio-SME Survive and Grow in the Network?......Page 122 Evolution of Manufacturing Systems......Page 123 Inter-Firm Relationships and Outsourcing......Page 124 Resource-Based Theory and Evolutionary Economics......Page 125 Implications to Industry and Academia......Page 126 References......Page 127 Introduction......Page 130 A Framework Approach......Page 131 Strategic Planning......Page 132 Organisational Culture......Page 133 Methodology......Page 134 Data Analysis......Page 135 Culture and Innovation......Page 136 Leadership and Innovation......Page 137 Practical Implications of the Findings......Page 138 Concluding Remarks......Page 140 References......Page 141 Introduction......Page 144 Theoretical Frameworks......Page 145 Characteristics of Venture Leasing Objects......Page 146 Compensation for Risk......Page 147 Differences between Venture Leasing and Traditional Leasing......Page 148 Geographic Spread of Venture Leasing......Page 149 Explorative Research Study......Page 151 Analysis of the Survey Data......Page 152 Market for Venture Leasing Firms?......Page 153 Venture Leasing in Germany?......Page 154 Financing Alternative Venture Leasing?......Page 155 References......Page 157 The Function of B2B Systems......Page 160 Literature Review......Page 162 ERP Applications......Page 165 SCM and CRM Applications......Page 167 Knowledge Management......Page 168 Reference Model......Page 169 Conclusions and Further Work......Page 171 References......Page 172 Part III. Clustering and Spin-off Firms......Page 174 Introduction......Page 176 Clustering and Innovation......Page 177 Nodes in Global Innovation Networks......Page 179 Summary......Page 180 An Overview of the Post-Production and Equipment Supply Sectors......Page 181 Innovation and Competition......Page 183 The Labour Market......Page 184 Spin-offs......Page 187 Knowledge Sharing and Personal Networks......Page 189 Important Customers and Lead Users......Page 190 External Networks and Knowledge Flows......Page 191 Other Important Institutions......Page 192 Conclusions......Page 193 References......Page 194 Introduction......Page 196 HT Development in Italian Peripheral Regions......Page 197 Public Research and Advanced Education in Pisa......Page 199 Changes in the Economic Structure of Pisa......Page 200 The Evolution of the HT Sector in Pisa......Page 202 Strengths and Weaknesses of HT in Pisa......Page 205 Conclusion: HTSF in Peripheral Areas......Page 210 References......Page 211 Introduction......Page 214 Strategic Alliances......Page 215 Strategic Alliances and Conditions of Technological Uncertainty......Page 217 Strategic Alliances between Start-Up Ventures and Large Organisations......Page 219 Resource-Based View of Alliances......Page 220 Case Studies......Page 221 Case 1: 1 Limited......Page 222 Case 4: Zeus Technology......Page 223 Discussion and Conclusions......Page 224 References......Page 226 Introduction......Page 230 Theoretical Background: Dimensions of the Entrepreneurial Process......Page 231 Technology-Driven Entrepreneurship......Page 234 Results from the Literature Scan......Page 235 Exploitation and Value Creation......Page 236 Results from the Literature Scan......Page 237 Summary......Page 238 Results from the Literature Scan......Page 239 Results from the Interviews......Page 240 Overall Summary......Page 241 Entrepreneurship Education for Engineering and Technological Experts (Organisation Dimension)......Page 242 References......Page 243 Introduction......Page 246 Technology Transfer—Theoretical Issues......Page 247 Situation with Innovations and Technology Transfer in Russia......Page 249 Technology Transfer at the Ural State Technical University......Page 251 Outcomes of International Projects of the Centre for Innovative Business and Technology Transfer Division “Uraltransfer”......Page 253 Lessons Learnt from the International Projects......Page 256 References......Page 257 Introduction......Page 260 Literature Review......Page 261 Main Characteristics of the Studied Firms......Page 264 Findings on the Finance Issues......Page 265 The Impact of Location......Page 269 Conclusion......Page 270 References......Page 271 This eleventh volume derived from the Annual International High Technology Small Firms (HTSFs) Conference, and the edited book series of which it forms part, is a detailed testimony to the progress of academic research on this specialist, but highly important, area of industrial activity. In particular, research from this series is intended to provide a basis for new "evidence-based" government policy, although governments in many developed economies have often been seduced by "fads", in circumstances where policy solutions are crudely adopted without convincing evidence of their efficacy. None the less, it is most important for academics, although they may be occasionally ignored, to continue to pursue independent research of the type contained within this series in order to provide research-based policy options, and commentary on the quality of the current policy environment for HTSFs in different national contexts.As in the case of previous volumes in this series, the current collection of papers inform many issues important to policy as governments seek to promote HTSF formation and growth. In this volume individual papers are grouped into three main sections; these are "Theory", "Strategy" and "Clustering and Spin Off Firms". Regarding Theory, all four papers grouped under this heading are concerned, either with high technology entrepreneurship in general, or academic high technology small firm entrepreneurship in particular. The Strategy section is comprised of five papers, which broadly explore how diverse business ideas are operationalised in terms of strategy.A long standing interest in academic spin-offs in this book series has been more recently reinvigorated by a sudden interest in clustering which, through the related topics of incubation, science park formation and sub-regional high technology clustering has prompted linked research on the formation and growth of HTSFs in specialist locations, mainly through spin off. In the final Clustering and Spin Off section, the six individual papers are either concerned with how "spin offs" can contribute to HTSF cluster growth in industrial districts, or in the environs of major core regional universities. Derived from the Annual International High Technology Small Firms (HTSFs) Conference, this volume gives a basis for fresh "evidence-based" government policy, although governments in many developed economies have often been seduced by "fads", in circumstances where policy solutions are crudely adopted without convincing evidence of their efficacy. Derived from the Annual International High Technology Small Firms (HTSFs) Conference, this eleventh volume details the progress of academic research on this area of industrial activity. In this volume individual papers are grouped into three main sections; these are "Theory", "Strategy" and "Clustering and Spin Off Firms."