New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence : Myths, Realities, Legacies and Reflections

This book marks the 200-year anniversary of uprisings in the Ottoman Balkans between February and March 1821, which became known in the West as the beginnings of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), and led to the formation of the modern Greek state. It explores the war and its impact on societies involved by delving into the myths that surround it, the realities that have often been ignored or suppressed, and its lasting legacies on national identities and histories. It also explores memory and commemoration in Greece, in other countries impacted, and the Greek diaspora. This book offers a fresh perspective on this pivotal event in Greek, Ottoman, Balkan, Mediterranean, European, and world histories. It presents new research and reflections to connect the war to wider history and to understand its importance across the last 200 years. Acknowledgements Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures Part I: New Perspectives Chapter 1: The Greek Revolution 200 Years On: New Perspectives and€Legacies The War Historiography Book Outline Select Bibliography Chapter 2: The Transnational Foundations of€the€Greek Revolution of€1821 The Mediterranean World in€a€State of€Flux Displacement, Exile and€the€Transnational Origins of€Revolutionary Patriotism A Political Exile Turned Mercenary, Turned Revolutionary; Or the€Making of€a€Patriot Conclusion Select Bibliography Chapter 3: New Perspectives in€Local Societies During the€Greek War of€Independence: The€Consular Experience in€the€Aegean Before the€Revolution Research Trends The Vice-Consul of€Santorini: Christodoulos Gizi (Gisis) The Revolution in€Santorini Survival Strategies During the€‘War of€Independence’ Conclusion Select Bibliography Chapter 4: Greece of€the€North?: Philhellenism, Hellenism, and€Contemporary Perspectives of€the€Greek War of€Independence in€Iceland Magnús Stephensen Finnur Magnússon Greece of€the€North Conclusion Select Bibliography Part II: Myths and Realities Chapter 5: A Local Uprising in€an€Ottoman Province? Mora/Morea, March 1821 Using the€Ottoman Framework to€Expand on€Power Expanding Power by Being Part of€the€State Expanding Power by Being Contractor of€the€State Expanding Power by Connecting to€the€State Rivalries and€Alliances Venturing to€Change the€System Plotting Against the€Governor Changing the€System Conclusion Select Bibliography Chapter 6: Migrations, Exodus, and€Resettlement during the€Greek War of€Independence (1821–1830) Introduction The Exodus of€Peloponnesian Muslims Ottoman Amnesty and€Return of€Ottoman Greeks In Lieu of€Conclusion Select Bibliography Chapter 7: Privateering during the€Greek War of€Independence (1821–1829): Issues of€Legitimacy, Organisation, and€Economics of€a€War-Induced Practice The Powerful Greek Commercial Shipping Privateering, Corsairing, or Piracy? Privateering The Organisation and€the€Economics of€Privateering Prizes and€Maritime Courts Conclusion Select Bibliography Chapter 8: The United States as€a€Haven for€Greek Revolutionary War Orphans? Myth and€Reality Introduction Origins and€Rescue Stories Meeting Missionaries Education in€New England The Greeks Need Missionaries Running from€Rescue Garifalia Mohalb(e)y Conclusion Select Bibliography Part III: Legacies and Reflections Chapter 9: Cyprus and€1821: Myths, Realities and€Legacies Cyprus, the€Greek War of€Independence and€Its Immediate Aftermath The Execution Myth The Mass Emigration Myth After the€Greek War of€Independence: Forgetting, ‘Remembering’ and€Terrorism Commemorating the€Greek War of€Independence During the€British Period EREK, EOKA and€the€Greek War of€Independence Commemorating the€Greek War of€Independence in€Cyprus During the€Republican Period Conclusion Select Bibliography Chapter 10: The Chios Massacre (1822) and€Chiot Emigration: A€Coerced Diaspora The Chios Massacre in€Context Chiot Emigration Before the€Massacre Emigration After the€Massacre In London Modern Legacy Conclusion Select Bibliography Chapter 11: Devoted to€the€Cause of€Freedom: Jonathan Peckham Miller, Philhellenism, and€the€Transatlantic Struggle for€Liberation Introduction Jonathan Peckham Miller’s Background The Greek War of€Independence Miller in€Greece: War Period (1824–1826) Miller in€Greece: Philanthropic Period (1827–1828) Miller the€Vermont Politician and€Abolitionist Slavery and€Transatlantic Liberation: Connecting Greece and€the€United States Revolutionary or Crusader?: Miller’s Philhellenism and€Christian Faith Epilogue Select Bibliography Chapter 12: Russian Historiography and€the€Greek Revolution: Trends and€Interpretations (1821–2021) The Year 1821 and€Russian Publicistic Literature Imperial Russian Historians and€the€Greek Question Modern Greek Studies: From€Late Imperial to€Twenty-First Century Russia Conclusion Select Bibliography Chapter 13: The Shot Heard Round the€World: The€Greek Revolution’s Legacy in€Poetry Select Bibliography Chapter 14: Greek Independence and€Its Significance to€the€Development of€International Law The Nation-State Self-Determination The Ottoman Era The Greek War of€Independence in€Wider Dialogue The International Verdict Legacy of€Greek Independence Select Bibliography Index This book marks the 200-year anniversary of uprisings in the Ottoman Balkans between February and March 1821, which became known in the West as the beginnings of the Greek War of Independence (182132) and led to the formation of the modern Greek state. It explores the war and its impact on societies involved by delving into the myths that surround it, the realities that have often been ignored or suppressed, and its lasting legacies on national identities and histories. It also explores memory and commemoration in Greece, in other countries impacted, and the Greek diaspora. This book offers a fresh perspective on this pivotal event in Greek, Ottoman, Balkan, Mediterranean, European, and world histories. Yianni Cartledge is a PhD candidate at Flinders University, South Australia. His research explores migration from the Aegean islands to the Anglosphere between 1815-1945. His current case studies include the Ikarians of South Australia and Chiots of London. This is his first edited volume. Andrekos Varnava is Professor of Imperial History at Flinders University, South Australia. He has published four monographs and more than 50 peer-reviewed articles/book chapters on the history of the British Empire, specifically in Cyprus, on the Armenian Question, and on British and Australian migration histories. This is his eleventh edited volume.