منا: دگرگونی‌های یک مفهوم کلاسیک در زبان‌ها و فرهنگ‌های اقیانوس آرام (مونوگرافی‌های انسان‌شناسی)

Mana, like culture, is a term that once inspired anthropological theory but now lives an ambiguous half-life in scholarly discourse. The goal of this book is to refocus attention on mana for three reasons. First is the simple fact that many people in Oceania and elsewhere use the term prominently in political, religious, and artistic projects as well as everyday discourse. Although mainstream anthropological attention to mana waned at the end of the twentieth century, discourse about mana thrives in many Oceanic societies. It also circulates outside of traditional Oceanic contexts—sometimes far outside, as in New Age movements, fantasy fiction and online gaming. The second reason to focus on mana anew is that it can offer scholars fresh insights about relationships between aesthetics, ethics, and power and authority. Third, a new focus on mana has the potential to generate new forms of anthropological practice. By engaging collaboratively with Indigenous communities on this specific topic, anthropologists, Indigenous and otherwise, can actively take part in developing new understandings of mana that have practical consequences—the production of new mana, in effect. The authors of the following chapters examine mana from multiple angles that converge on a single point: the contention that thinking about mana at this historical moment is ethnographically vital and theoretically promising in new ways. "‘Mana’, a term denoting spiritual power, is found in many Pacific Islands languages. In recent decades, the term has been taken up in New Age movements and online fantasy gaming. In this book, 16 contributors examine mana through ethnographic, linguistic, and historical lenses to understand its transformations in past and present. The authors consider a range of contexts including Indigenous sovereignty movements, Christian missions and Bible translations, the commodification of cultural heritage, and the dynamics of diaspora. Their investigations move across diverse island groups—Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, Hawai‘i, and French Polynesia—and into Australia, North America and even cyberspace. A key insight that the volume develops is that mana can be analysed most productively by paying close attention to its ethical and aesthetic dimensions. Since the late nineteenth century, mana has been an object of intense scholarly interest. Writers in many fields including anthropology, linguistics, history, religion, philosophy, and missiology have long debated how the term should best be understood. The authors in this volume review mana’s complex intellectual history but also describe the remarkable transformations going on in the present day as scholars, activists, church leaders, artists, and entrepreneurs take up mana in new ways"--Provided by publisher List of Figures. vii List of Tables . ix Acknowledgements. xi About the Cover Art. xiii A Note on the Typesetting . xv Introduction: Mana Anew. 1 Matt Tomlinson and Ty P. Kāwika Tengan 1. Mana Hawaiʻi: An Examination of Political Uses of the Word Mana in Hawaiian. 37 Noenoe K. Silva 2. The Mana of Kū: Indigenous Nationhood, Masculinity and Authority in Hawai‘i. 55 Ty P. Kāwika Tengan 3. Bodies Permeable and Divine: Tapu, Mana and the Embodiment of Hegemony in Pre‐Christian Tonga. 77 Andy Mills 4. Niu Mana, Sport, Media and the Australian Diaspora . 107 Katerina Martina Teaiwa 5. Mana, Power and ‘Pawa’ in the Pacific and Beyond. 131 Alan Rumsey 6. Mana on the Move: Why Empirical Anchorage Trumps Philosophical Drift. 155 Thorgeir Kolshus 7. ‘Press the Button, Mama!’ Mana and Christianity on Makira, Solomon Islands. 183 Aram Oroi 8. The State of Mana, the Mana of the State . 203 Alexander Mawyer 9. Theologies of Mana and Sau in Fiji. 237 Matt Tomlinson and Sekove Bigitibau 10. Claiming Pule, Manifesting Mana: Ordinary Ethics and Pentecostal Self-making in Samoa . 257 Jessica Hardin 11. Mana for a New Age. 285 Rachel Morgain 12. How Mana Left the Pacific and Became a Video Game Mechanic. 309 Alex Golub and Jon Peterson Afterword: Shape-Shifting Mana: Travels in Space and Time . 349 Niko Besnier and Margaret Jolly Contributors. 369