Neurophysiology and Standards of Spinal Cord Monitoring

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Front Matter....Pages i-viii Standardization of Evoked Potential Recording....Pages 1-10 Clinical Neurophysiology of Neural Stimulation....Pages 11-15 Front Matter....Pages 17-17 Human Spinal Cord Potentials (SCPs): Ascending Recording Variations - an Update....Pages 19-28 Evaluation of Segmental Spinal Evoked Potential with Topographic Computer Display and Dipole....Pages 29-33 Intraspinal SEPs Recorded from the Vicinity of the Dorsal Root Entry Zone....Pages 34-39 Interpretation of Anterior and Posterior Spinal SEPs During Scoliosis Surgery....Pages 40-45 Experimental Ascending Evoked Potentials in Spinal Cord Injury....Pages 46-51 Effects of Spinal Cord Compression on Repetitive Impulse Conduction of Ascending Fibers in the Dorsal Column....Pages 52-57 The Effect of Chymopapain on Nerve Impulse Transmission in the Rat....Pages 58-61 Diagnosis of Cervical Myelopathy Using Segmental Evoked Spinal Cord Potentials Obtained by Stimulating Finger Surface....Pages 62-71 Front Matter....Pages 71-71 Spinal Cord Potentials (SCPs) Produced by Descending Volleys in the Rat....Pages 73-81 Intradural Spinal Recordings (Particular Reference to Invasive Methods)....Pages 82-99 Corticospinal Direct Response to Stimulation of the Exposed Motor Cortex in Humans....Pages 100-105 Usefulness of Motor Evoked Potentials (Pyramidal D-Response) for Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury....Pages 106-113 Spinal Cord Potentials (SCPs) Produced by Descending Volleys in Man....Pages 114-121 Front Matter....Pages 123-123 Effects of Anesthetic Drugs on Spinal Cord Monitoring: An Update....Pages 125-139 Sites, Rates and Filters that Best Eliminate Background Noise and Variability during Cortical Evoked Potentials Spinal Cord Monitoring....Pages 140-146 Effect of Isoflurane on Human Median Nerve Evoked Potentials....Pages 147-156 Evoked Potential Monitoring of Anesthetic and Operative Manipulation....Pages 157-162 Effects of Intravenous Anesthetic Induction Agents on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials: Thiopental, Fentanyl, and Etomidate....Pages 163-167 Front Matter....Pages 123-123 Augmentation of Somatosensory Evoked Potential Waves in Patients with Cervical Spinal Stenosis....Pages 168-176 Brain and Spinal Cord Monitoring by Multispatial and Multimodal Evoked Potentials during Aortic Surgery....Pages 177-187 Anesthesia Influence on Recording: Summary....Pages 188-197 Front Matter....Pages 199-199 Criteria for Detection and Pathological Significance of Response Decrement during Spinal Cord Monitoring....Pages 201-206 Real-Time Intraoperative Monitoring during Neurosurgical and Neuroradiological Procedures....Pages 207-215 Clinical Study of Spinal Cord Evoked Potentials....Pages 216-221 True and False Positive Amplitude Attenuations during Cortical Evoked Potential Spinal Cord Monitoring....Pages 222-225 Cortical and Spinal Intraoperative Recordings in Uneventful Monitoring and in Cases with Neurologic Changes....Pages 226-233 Direct Recording of Spinal Evoked Potentials to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation by a Specially Modified Electrode....Pages 234-244 Intraoperative Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring: The Rochester Experience....Pages 245-250 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEP) Intraoperative Monitoring during Cranial Vertebral Compression and Instability....Pages 251-260 Variability of Epidural SEP from Below and Above Spinal Cord Lesions — The Effect of the Lesion on Spinal SEP....Pages 261-267 Acute Evoked Potential Changes in Operative Treatment: A Summary....Pages 268-273 Front Matter....Pages 275-275 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: An Update....Pages 277-288 Continuous Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring in the Neurointensive Care Unit....Pages 289-294 A Comparison of Dermatomal and Major Nerve Evoked Responses with Clinical Diagnosis in Acute Spinal Injury....Pages 295-301 Evoked Spinal Cord Action Potential in Syringomyelia Level Diagnosis and Spinal Cord Monitoring....Pages 302-309 Somatosensory Evoked Potential Recordings in Neurotrauma Patients and Value of SEPs in Diagnosing Conversion Disorders....Pages 310-320 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Multiple Spinal Meningiomas....Pages 321-327 Use of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials to Monitor Spinal Cord Ischemia during Surgery on the Thoracic and Thoraco-Abdominal Aorta....Pages 328-340 Front Matter....Pages 275-275 The Effect of Spinal Cord Blood Flow on Evoked Potentials....Pages 341-350 Continuous, Chronic Changes in Evoked Potentials: Summary....Pages 351-353 Front Matter....Pages 355-355 Orthopaedic Review and Summary....Pages 357-367 Overview of Fundamental and Clinical Aspects of Monitoring the Spinal Cord during Spinal Cord Surgery....Pages 368-383 Back Matter....Pages 385-388