Neurocognitive Rehabilitation of Down Syndrome: Early Years (Cambridge Medicine (Paperback))

"Down syndrome is one of the most commonly occurring developmental disorders and it is now possible to conceptualize and define opportunities for neurocognitive rehabilitation for those with the condition. This book describes how early cognitive intervention in children with Down syndrome can be carried out, and can reduce, or compensate for, the major deficits characteristic of the condition. This comprehensive account relates the neurocognitive approach to the major therapeutic endeavors in the neighboring fields of neurogenetics, experimental environmental enrichment, molecular genetics, pharmacology, pediatrics and cardiology for infants with Down syndrome. Neurocognitive Rehabilitation of Down Syndrome provides the guidance required to establish effective rehabilitation programs, and is essential reading for developmental clinicians, pediatricians, neuropsychologists and other health professionals"--Provided by publisher. Contents......Page 8 Contributors......Page 10 Preface......Page 12 Acknowledgments......Page 14 Why are we focusing on Down syndrome?......Page 16 Definition of early rehabilitative intervention......Page 17 Early intervention models......Page 18 Challenge 2......Page 21 Challenge 4......Page 22 Challenge 5......Page 23 Challenge 7......Page 24 Conclusion......Page 25 References......Page 26 2 The history of early intervention for infants and young children with Down syndrome and their families......Page 30 Changing expectations for children with Down syndrome......Page 31 Early efficacy studies......Page 32 More recent efficacy studies......Page 33 Early education policy and practice for children with disabilities......Page 34 Promoting inclusive educational programming......Page 35 Child characteristics that impact on inclusion......Page 37 Strategies for promoting language, communication, and social development......Page 38 Changing perspectives about parent participation in early intervention......Page 39 US national data on early intervention and preschool special education......Page 40 Changes in assessment: research and practice and future directions......Page 41 Accountability in early childhood......Page 42 Family outcomes in an accountability system......Page 43 Follow-up studies of adults with Down syndrome......Page 44 Conclusions and looking to the future......Page 45 References......Page 46 3 Advances in clinical endpoints for neurocognitive rehabilitation in Down syndrome......Page 51 Key properties of clinical endpoint assessments: development of the Arizona Cognitive Test Battery for Down syndrome......Page 53 Hippocampal memory......Page 54 Frontal functions......Page 55 Cerebellar functions......Page 56 Adaptive behavior......Page 57 Maladaptive behavior......Page 58 Translation from rodents to humans......Page 59 What constitutes significant change?......Page 60 Summary......Page 62 References......Page 63 Down syndrome and phenotypes......Page 67 Murine models......Page 68 Criteria used to define candidate genes......Page 69 Territories of expression......Page 70 RNA targets......Page 71 Protein targets......Page 72 Sonic hedgehog pathway......Page 73 Gamma-aminobutyric acid pathways......Page 75 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine......Page 76 DYRK1A pathway......Page 77 Future prospects......Page 79 References......Page 81 The concept of neuronal plasticity and enriched environment......Page 86 Mouse models of Down syndrome......Page 87 Synaptic plasticity......Page 89 Neurogenesis......Page 91 Proteins encoded by triplicated genes......Page 93 References......Page 95 Introduction......Page 100 Genes on HSA21 relevant to metabolism and nutrition......Page 101 Methyl group metabolism and Down syndrome......Page 102 Oxidative stress and Down syndrome......Page 104 “Omics” studies of fetal development in Down syndrome and future directions......Page 105 Conclusions and future directions......Page 106 References......Page 107 Intelligence: cognition, memory, and learning......Page 111 Molecular pharmacology......Page 112 Recent strategies......Page 113 Measuring outcomes......Page 114 Acetylcholine and the cholinergic system......Page 115 Donepezil in adults......Page 116 Rivastigmine in children......Page 117 Glutamate-based strategies......Page 118 Piracetam in children......Page 119 Targeting the prefrontal cortex in Down syndrome......Page 120 Physiologically impairing symptoms......Page 121 The urgency of reducing physiologically impairing symptoms......Page 122 Futuristic notions of biological therapy......Page 123 The Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome......Page 124 References......Page 125 Congenital malformations......Page 132 Sensory defects......Page 133 Immune disorders and autoimmune diseases......Page 134 Cancer......Page 135 Short stature......Page 136 Seizure disorders......Page 137 Nutritional problems......Page 138 References......Page 140 Introduction......Page 143 Pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in Down syndrome......Page 144 Atrioventricular septal defect......Page 146 Ventricular septal defect......Page 148 Tetralogy of Fallot......Page 149 Patent ductus arteriosus and aortic arch malformations......Page 150 Surgical experience at the Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels......Page 151 Discussion......Page 152 References......Page 154 10 Developmental models as frameworks for early intervention with children with Down syndrome......Page 157 Werner and the universality of development......Page 158 Developmental sequences......Page 159 The notion of a whole child......Page 160 Cicchetti and an expanded developmental approach......Page 161 Ecological theory......Page 162 Complex developmental trajectories......Page 163 Acknowledgments......Page 165 References......Page 166 Introduction......Page 168 Development of reach-to-grasp......Page 169 Development of walking......Page 170 Program planning......Page 172 Generalization of skills......Page 173 Recent research from neuroscience......Page 174 Conclusions......Page 175 References......Page 176 Short-term memory and Down syndrome......Page 179 Long-term memory in Down syndrome: a diffuse and pervasive impairment?......Page 182 Memory, Down syndrome, and brain development......Page 183 Conclusions......Page 186 References......Page 187 Language before birth......Page 190 Prelanguage in the first year......Page 191 Orofacial physical therapy......Page 192 Lexical development and intervention......Page 193 Grammatical development......Page 194 References......Page 195 Inconsistency and non-developmental errors......Page 197 Speech production......Page 198 The importance of early speech perception in typical development......Page 199 The impact of early auditory deprivation – the case of children with cochlear implants......Page 200 Early auditory deprivation and higher-level speech processing abilities......Page 201 Summary......Page 202 References......Page 203 Goal-directedness as a target for early intervention in Down syndrome......Page 206 Early motor exploration......Page 207 Cognitive consequences of motor exploration......Page 208 Object affordances......Page 209 Relevance for development in Down syndrome......Page 210 Causality......Page 211 Goal-directedness and development in Down syndrome......Page 212 Implications for goal-directed behavior......Page 213 Clinical interpretation and intervention implications......Page 214 Strategies to enhance goal-directedness......Page 215 Summary......Page 217 References......Page 218 16 The role of parents of children with Down syndrome and other disabilities in early intervention......Page 220 The parenting model of child development......Page 222 Parenting and intervention effectiveness......Page 225 Parenting as intervention......Page 228 Long-term effects of responsive parenting......Page 229 Why parents are so important to childrens development......Page 230 Why responsiveness is so important to childrens development......Page 232 References......Page 235 17 Perspectives of hybrid therapeutic strategies in intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome......Page 239 Summary......Page 243 References......Page 244 Conclusions......Page 245 Index......Page 246 Machine generated contents note: Preface Part I. Definition, History, Methodology, and Assessment: 1. Early intervention: definition, objectives, models and challenges Juan Perera 2. The history of rehabilitative intervention for infants and young children with Down syndrome and their families: where have we been and where are we going? Donna Spiker 3. Advances in clinical endpoints for neurocognitive rehabilitation in Down syndrome Jamie Edgin, Goffredina Spano and Lynne Nadel Part II. Genetics, Brain and Animal Models: 4. New perspectives on molecular and genetic therapies in Down syndrome Jean-Maurice Delabar 5. Brain plasticity and environmental enrichment in Ts65Dn mice, an animal model for Down syndrome Adam Golabek, Katarzyna Jarząbek, Sonia Palminiello, Marius Walus, Ausma Rabe, Giorgio Albertini and Elizabeth Kida 6. Development of the brain and metabolism David Patterson Part III. Pharmacological and Medical Management and Treatment: 7. Pharmacotherapy for children with Down syndrome George Capone 8. Early medical caretaking and follow-up Alberto Rasore-Quartino 9. Evaluation and management of cardiovascular diseases in Down syndrome Guy Dembour and Stephane Moniotte Part IV. Early Development and Intervention: 10. Developmental models as frameworks for early intervention with children with Down syndrome Katie Cohene, Heidi Flores and Jacob Burack 11. Aspects of motor development in Down syndrome Naznin Virji-Babul, Anne Jobling, Digby Elliot and Daniel Weeks 12. Memory development and learning Stefano Vicari and Deny Menghini 13. Prelinguistic and early development, stimulation and training in children with Down syndrome Jean-Adolphe Rondal 14. Speech perception, stimulation and phonological development Michele Pettinato 15. Goal-directedness as a target for early intervention in Down syndrome Deborah Fidler, Susan L. Hepburn and Diane Osaki 16. The role of parents of children with Down syndrome and other disabilities in early intervention Gerald Mahoney and Frida Perales Part V. Therapeutic Perspectives: 17. Perspectives of hybrid therapeutic strategies in intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome Jean-Adolphe Rondal and Juan Perera Conclusions Index. "Down syndrome is one of the most commonly occurring developmental disorders and it is now possible to conceptualize and define opportunities for neurocognitive rehabilitation for those with the condition. This book describes how early cognitive intervention in children with Down syndrome can be carried out, and can reduce, or compensate for, the major deficits characteristic of the condition. This comprehensive account relates the neurocognitive approach to the major therapeutic endeavors in the neighboring fields of neurogenetics, experimental environmental enrichment, molecular genetics, pharmacology, pediatrics and cardiology for infants with Down syndrome. Neurocognitive Rehabilitation of Down Syndrome provides the guidance required to establish effective rehabilitation programs, and is essential reading for developmental clinicians, pediatricians, neuropsychologists and other health professionals"--Résumé de l'éditeur