Neurobiology of grooming behaviour

"Grooming is among the most evolutionary ancient and highly represented behaviours in many animal species. It represents a significant proportion of an animal's total activity and between 30-50% of their waking hours. Recent research has demonstrated that grooming is regulated by specific brain circuits and is sensitive to stress, as well as to pharmacologic compounds and genetic manipulation, making it ideal for modelling affective disorders that arise as a function of stressful environments, such as stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Over a series of 12 chapters that introduce and explicate the field of grooming research and its significance for the human and animal brain, this book covers the breadth of grooming animal models while simultaneously providing sufficient depth in introducing the concepts and translational approaches to grooming research. Written primarily for graduates and researchers within the neuroscientific community"-- Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Contributors......Page 9 Grooming and related behaviors......Page 13 Introduction......Page 19 How the study of mouse face-grooming sequences began (M. Frances Stilwell)......Page 20 Early rodent grooming studies and consequent research (John C. Fentress)......Page 29 References......Page 35 Summary......Page 37 Introduction......Page 38 Self-grooming in social and sexual contexts......Page 40 Self-grooming and attracting the opposite sex......Page 43 Self-grooming and seasonality......Page 46 The effects of melatonin......Page 47 The effects of prolactin and testosterone......Page 48 Self-grooming and age......Page 51 Self-grooming and protein content of the diet......Page 53 Self-grooming and same-sex competition......Page 55 Self-grooming and olfactory communication......Page 56 Acknowledgments......Page 57 References......Page 58 Summary......Page 64 Introduction......Page 65 Procedures......Page 70 Behavioral analysis......Page 71 Procedures and behavioral analyses......Page 73 Grooming behavior......Page 74 Barbering behavior......Page 76 Conclusion......Page 77 References......Page 78 Introduction......Page 84 To groom or to play: is a choice necessary?......Page 86 Playful manipulation......Page 91 Navigating social relationships......Page 94 Play fighting and the prefrontal cortex......Page 96 References......Page 99 Summary......Page 106 Introduction......Page 107 Effects of PCP on syntactic irregularities......Page 112 Effects of PCP on regional grooming distribution......Page 114 Phase duration within completed syntactic chains and chains lacking Phase 1......Page 115 Effects of PCP on grooming, exploration, and inactivity......Page 116 Discussion......Page 117 References......Page 122 Introduction......Page 126 Aromatase expression in the brain......Page 128 Estrogen receptor a and B expression in the brain......Page 129 Brain and behavior phenotypes of the aromatase knockout (ArKO) mouse model......Page 131 Brain and behavior phenotypes of estrogen receptor knockout (ErKO) mouse models......Page 135 Estrogen receptor-dependent mechanisms......Page 138 Conclusion......Page 140 References......Page 141 Introduction......Page 149 Locomotive hyperactivity......Page 151 Sensorimotor gating deficit and its reversal by an antipsychotic drug......Page 152 Lack of barbering (whisker trimming) behavior......Page 153 Lack of nesting behavior......Page 155 Working memory deficit: delayed nonmatch to sample (DNMTS) T-maze test......Page 156 Discussion......Page 158 References......Page 159 Introduction and methodological considerations......Page 163 Surgical lesions......Page 164 Grooming in Grid2Lc mutants......Page 165 Neurotoxic lesions and dopamine receptor stimulation......Page 166 Grooming in Grik2Wv mutants......Page 167 Lesions of the cerebral cortex......Page 169 Concluding remarks......Page 170 References......Page 171 Summary......Page 174 Some reasons for studying action sequencing......Page 175 The grooming chain and action sequencing......Page 176 The striatum and basal ganglia system......Page 178 The striatum and the grooming chain in the rat......Page 180 Why might the dorsolateral striatum subregion be critical for action sequencing?......Page 183 What is the implementation function?......Page 186 The striatum and sensorimotor gating......Page 187 The striatum, reward, and the grooming chain......Page 189 Clinical implications......Page 193 References......Page 194 Summary......Page 202 Introduction......Page 203 Adaptive value......Page 205 The dominance hypothesis......Page 207 The pathology hypothesis......Page 211 Species occurrence......Page 212 Human insights......Page 213 A comparison of mouse strains......Page 216 Development......Page 219 Known risk factors......Page 220 Role of the laboratory environment......Page 221 Insights from transgenic studies......Page 224 Behavioral mechanism......Page 228 Cues and constraints......Page 230 Neurophysiological mechanism......Page 231 Conclusion......Page 233 References......Page 235 Introduction......Page 244 Trichotillomania......Page 245 Pathological skin picking......Page 249 Nail biting......Page 253 Lip biting......Page 254 Impulse control disorder......Page 255 Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder......Page 258 What is the right name?......Page 260 Acknowledgments......Page 261 References......Page 262 Introduction......Page 270 Nosological status of trichotillomania......Page 271 Explanatory models of trichotillomania......Page 272 Genetics in trichotillomania......Page 273 Endophenotype approach......Page 275 Impulsivity in trichotillomania......Page 276 Structural and functional abnormalities of the brain in trichotillomania......Page 279 Animal models......Page 281 References......Page 283 Index......Page 289 Machine generated contents note: Preface; 1. Grooming, sequencing, and beyond: how it all began M. Frances Stilwell and John C. Fentress; 2. Self-grooming as a form of olfactory communication in meadow voles and prairie voles (Microtus spp.) Michael H. Ferkin and Stuart T. Leonard; 3. Phenotyping and genetics of rodent grooming and barbering: utility for experimental neuroscience research Carisa L. Bergner, Amanda N. Smolinsky, Brett D. Dufour, Justin L. LaPorte, Peter C. Hart, Rupert J. Egan and Allan V. Kalueff; 4. Social play, social grooming and the regulation of social relationships Sergio M. Pellis and Vivien C. Pellis; 5. Grooming syntax as a sensitive measure of the effects of subchronic PCP treatment in rats Marie-Claude Audet and Sonia Goulet; 6. Modulatory effects of estrogens on grooming and related behaviours Rachel A. Hill and Wah Chin Boon; 7. Lack of barbering behaviour in the phospholipase C [beta]1 mutant mice, a model animal for schizophrenia Hee-Sup Shin, Daesoo Kim and Hae-Young Koh; 8. Grooming after cerebellar, basal ganglia, and neocortical lesions R. Lalonde and C. Strazielle; 9. Striatal implementation of action sequences and more: grooming chains, inhibitory gating and relative reward effect Howard Casey Cromwell; 10. An ethological analysis of barbering behaviour Brett D. Dufour and Joseph P. Garner; 11. Should there be a category: 'grooming disorders'? Lara J. Hoppe, Jonathan Ipser, Christine Lochner, Kevin G. F. Thomas and Dan J. Stein; 12. Neurobiology of trichotillomania Srinivas Singisetti, Sam R. Chamberlain and Naomi A. Fineberg; Index. 1. Grooming, sequencing, and beyond : how it all began / M. Frances Stilwell and John C. Fentress 2. Self-grooming as a form of olfactory communication in meadow voles and prairie voles (Microtus spp.) / Michael H. Ferkin and Stuart T. Leonard 3. Phenotyping and genetics of rodent grooming and barbering : utility for experimental neuroscience research / Carisa L. Bergner, Amanda N. Smolinsky, Brett D. Dufour, Justin L. LaPorte, Peter C. Hart, Rupert J. Egan, and Allan V. Kalueff 4. Social play, social grooming, and the regulation of social relationships / Sergio M. Pellis and Vivien C. Pellis 5. Grooming syntax as a sensitive measure of the effects of subchronic PCP treatment in rats / Marie-Claude Audet and Sonia Goulet 6. Modulatory effects of estrogens on grooming and related behaviours / Rachel A. Hill and Wah Chin Boon 7. Lack of barbering behaviour in the phospholipase C [beta]1 mutant mouse : a model animal for schizophrenia / Hee-Sup Shin, Daesoo Kim, and Hae-Young Koh 8. Grooming after cerebellar, basal ganglia, and neocortical lesions / Robert Lalonde and C. Strazielle 9. Striatal implementation of action sequences and more : grooming chains, inhibitory gating, and the relative reward effect / Howard Casey Cromwell 10. An ethological analysis of barbering behavior / Brett D. Dufour and Joseph P. Garner 11. Should there be a category : "grooming disorders"? / Lara J. Hoppe, Jonathan Ipser, Christine Lochner, Kevin G.F. Thomas, and Dan J. Stein 12. Neurobiology of trichotillomania / Srinivas Singisetti, Sam R. Chamberlain, and Naomi A. Fineberg. "Grooming is among the most evolutionary ancient and highly represented behaviors in many animal species. It represents a significant proportion of an animal's total activity and between 30-50% of their waking hours. Recent research has demonstrated that grooming is regulated by specific brain circuits and is sensitive to stress, as well as to pharmacologic compounds and genetic manipulation, making it ideal for modelling affective disorders that arise as a function of stressful environments, such as stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Over a series of 12 chapters that introduce and explicate the field of grooming research and its significance for the human and animal brain, this book covers the breadth of grooming animal models while simultaneously providing sufficient depth in introducing the concepts and translational approaches to grooming research. Written primarily for graduates and researchers within the neuroscientific community"-- Provided by publisher