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The stakes are high, time is of the essence and every detail matters—yet neonatal pharmacology often has been a challenging and poorly understood area of pediatrics. Until now. Many pharmacists working in hospital pharmacies today have little or no formal training in neonatology yet they are faced with dispensing medications to this fragile NICU population. NICU Primer for Pharmacists, by Amy P. Holmes, is a unique comprehensive overview of pharmacological treatment and neonatal care puts the information pharmacists, students, and residents need in one place, including strategies for: •Selecting the optimal drug at the right dose within hours of recognizing a problem •Detecting and correcting product dilutions •Overseeing dosing adjustments as patients mature, increase or lose body weight •Accommodating for multiple concurrent diseases, dramatic growth, organ maturation and damage and more •Maximizing survival without serious long-term damage and neurodevelopmental delays NICU Primer for Pharmacists puts the information you need in one place, so you can feel more confident making medication decisions for your tiniest patients. If your team cares for neonatal patients, consider this guide your invaluable resource for safe and effective drug therapy. “This comprehensive overview of pharmacological treatment and neonatal care gathers the information pharmacists, students, and residents need in one place.” (Tracy Hampton, PharmD, Doody's Review Service, 2016) Foreword ................................................................................................................ vii Preface .................................................................................................................xi Contributors ............................................................................................................... xiii Reviewer ................................................................................................................xv Common Abbreviations in Neonatal Medicine .................................................... xvii Chapter 1. General NICU Considerations.................................................................1 Megan Lunberry, PharmD, and Miyuki Nakayama Shouse, RPh, MS Chapter 2. Developmental Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics.............................................................................17 John Brock Harris, PharmD, BCPS Chapter 3. Parenteral Nutrition ...............................................................................27 Ying-Tang Ng, PharmD Chapter 4. Drugs in Lactation...................................................................................43 Amy P. Holmes, PharmD Chapter 5. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.............................................................55 Amy P. Holmes, PharmD Chapter 6. Apnea of Prematurity .............................................................................65 John Brock Harris, PharmD, BCPS Chapter 7. Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia........77 Julia Lau, PharmD, BCPS Chapter 8. Patent Ductus Arteriosus........................................................................93 Betsy Walters Burkey, PharmD, BCPS Chapter 9. Pain and Sedation..................................................................................111 Ashley McCallister, PharmD, and Amy P. Holmes, PharmD Chapter 10. Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis and Meningitis..............................................131 John Brock Harris, PharmD, BCPS v vi NICU Primer for Pharmacists Chapter 11. TORCH Infections................................................................................141 Amy P. Holmes, PharmD Chapter 12. Respiratory Syncytial Virus ...................................................................155 Betsy Walters Burkey, PharmD, BCPS, and Michelle F. F. Poole, PharmD Chapter 13. Necrotizing Enterocolitis......................................................................167 John Brock Harris, PharmD, BCPS Chapter 14. Gastrointestinal Disorders....................................................................179 John Brock Harris, PharmD, BCPS Chapter 15. Vaccine Use in Infants...........................................................................187 Amy P. Holmes, PharmD Chapter 16. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn..........................197 Julia Lau, PharmD, BCPS Chapter 17. Neonatal Seizures.................................................................................209 John Brock Harris, PharmD, BCPS Chapter 18. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation..............................................215 Wyn Wheeler, PharmD, FCCM Index ..............................................................................................................229 General NICU considerations / Megan Lunberry and Miyuki Nakayama Shouse Developmental pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics / John Brock Harris Total parenteral nutrition / Ying-Tang Ng Drugs in lactation / Amy P. Holmes Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Amy P. Holmes Apnea of prematurity / John Brock Harris Respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia / Julia Lau Patent ductus arteriosus / Betsy Walters Burkey Pain and sedation / Ashley McCallister and Amy P. Holmes Neonatal bacterial sepsis and meningitis / John Brock Harris TORCH infections / Amy P. Holmes Respiratory syncytial virus / Betsy Walters Burkey and Michelle F. F. Poole Necrotizing enterocolitis / John Brock Harris Gastrointestinal disorders / John Brock Harris Vaccine use in infants / Amy P. Holmes Pulmonary hypertension / Julia Lau Neonatal seizures / John Brock Harris Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation / Wyn Wheeler. NICU Primer for Pharmacists, by Amy P. Holmes, is a unique comprehensive overview of pharmacological treatment and neonatal care and puts the information pharmacists, students, and residents need in one place, including strategies for: Selecting the optimal drug at the right dose within hours of recognizing a problem Detecting and correcting product dilutions Overseeing dosing adjustments as patients mature, increase or lose body weight Accommodating for multiple concurrent diseases, dramatic growth, organ maturation and damage and more Maximizing survival without serious long-term damage and neurodevelopmental delays NICU Primer for Pharmacists puts the information you need in one place, so you can feel more confident making medication decisions for your tiniest patients. If your team cares for neonatal patients, consider this guide your invaluable resource for safe and effective drug therapy. The stakes are high, time is of the essence and every detail matters - yet neonatal pharmacology often has been a challenging and poorly understood area of pediatrics. Until now. This unique comprehensive overview of pharmacological treatment and neonatal care puts the information pharmacists, students, and residents need in one place.