Neonatal Care: A Compendium of AAP Clinical Practice Guidelines and Policies (AAP Policy)

The AAP Committee on Fetus and Newborn (COFN) is 1 of 23 AAP committees. Its members include academic newborn specialists from throughout the United States, as well as liaisons from the AAP Section on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, CDC and Prevention, National Association of Neonatal Nurses, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Development, AAP Neonatal Resuscitation Program, Canadian Paediatric Society Fetus and Newborn Committee, and AAP Section on Surgery. COFN also works closely with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and includes a representative from the ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. Most recently, COFN has added a representative from the Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Section Training and Early Career Neonatologists Council, as an educational and training opportunity for early career academic neonatologists. COFN is supported by AAP staff, including the Director of Hospital andSurgical Services and staff from the AAP Advocacy and External Affairs office.Within this compendium, you will find the collected results of COFN efforts for the past several years, in addition to select policies from other AAP groups. A wide range of perinatal topics, from antenatal counseling for periviable gestations, to hospital discharge of the high-risk infant, to postdischarge follow-up of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, is captured in these pages. More than 40 different topics, organized into 9 sections for easy reference, are included. Each statement or report contains an abstract overview, a concise presentation and critique of the available data, and a summary of the findings and/or recommendations, alongwith a current and comprehensive bibliography. It is important to note that COFN is continually working on new statements and reports, and each published statement or report is revised as new information becomes available. Front Matter Delivery/Discharge Hospital Discharge of the High-Risk Neonate Hospital Stay for Healthy Term Newborn Infants Providing Care for Infants Born at Home Safe Transportation of Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants at Hospital Discharge Umbilical Cord Care in the Newborn Infant Newborn Screening Newborn Screening Expands: Recommendations for Pediatricians and Medical Homes—Implications for the System Newborn Screening for Biliary Atresia Routine Neuroimaging of the Preterm Brain Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity High-Risk Newborn/Prematurity Antenatal Counseling Regarding Resuscitation and Intensive Care Before 25 Weeks of Gestation Apnea of Prematurity Donor Human Milk for the High-Risk Infant: Preparation, Safety, and Usage Options in the United States Noninitiation or Withdrawal of Intensive Care for High-Risk Newborns Promoting Human Milk and Breastfeeding for the Very Low Birth Weight Infant Updates on an At-Risk Population: Late-Preterm and Early-Term Infants Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants Respiratory Support The Apgar Score Noninvasive Respiratory Support Oxygen Targeting in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Postnatal Corticosteroids to Preventor Treat Chronic Lung Disease Following Preterm Birth Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants at Birth Surfactant Replacement Therapy for Preterm and Term Neonates With Respiratory Distress Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants Infections/Vaccinations Elimination of Perinatal Hepatitis B: Providing the First Vaccine Dose Within 24 Hours of Birth Guidance on Management of Asymptomatic Neonates Born to Women With Active Genital Herpes Lesions Management of Infants at Risk for Group B Streptococcal Disease Management of Neonates Born at ≥35 0/7 Weeks’ Gestation With Suspectedor Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis Management of Neonates Born at ≤34 6/7 Weeks’ Gestation With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis Strategies for Prevention of Health Care–Associated Infections in the NICU Complications/Issues Assessment and Management of Inguinal Hernia in Infants Clinical Practice Guideline Revision: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Preterm Infants Hypothermia and Neonatal Encephalopathy Neonatal Drug Withdrawal Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants Phototherapy to Prevent Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation Clinical Report—Postnatal Glucose Homeostasis in Late-Preterm and Term Infants Clinical Report—Premedication for Nonemergency Endotracheal Intubation in the Neonate Prevention and Management of Procedural Pain in the Neonate: An Update Recognition and Management of Cardiovascular Insufficiency in the Very Low Birth Weight Newborn Risks of Infectious Diseases in Newborns Exposed to Alternative Perinatal Practices Safe Sleep Safe Sleep and Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Period for Healthy Term Newborns Skin-to-Skin Care for Term and Preterm Infants in the Neonatal ICU Transition to a Safe Home Sleep Environment for the NICU Patient Sudden Infant Death Syndrome/Infant Death Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2022 Recommendations for Reducing Infant Deaths in the Sleep Environment Standard Terminology for Fetal, Infant, and Perinatal Deaths Other Related Policies Age Terminology During the Perinatal Period Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly ApparentLife-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Lower-Risk Infants Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Lower-Risk Infants: Executive Summary Disaster Preparedness in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Levels of Neonatal Care Neonatal Provider Workforce Optimizing Resources in Children’s Surgical Care: An Update on the American College of Surgeons’ Verification Program Vitamin K and the Newborn Infant INDEX Neonatal Care: A Compendium of AAP Clinical Practice Guidelines and Policies, 2nd Edition, provides the most recent and trustworthy recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Fetus and Newborn as well as other relevant committees, sections, and councils. This compendium contains all of the collected AAP clinical practice guidelines, policy statements, and clinical and technical reports related to the quality care of newborns and infants. Find more than 50 different topics organized into 9 sections for easy reference, including the highly anticipated “Clinical Practice Guideline Revision: Diagnosis and Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation.” Each statement or report contains an abstract overview, a concise presentation and critique of the available data, and a summary of the findings and/or recommendations, along with a current and comprehensive bibliography. TOPICS INCLUDE • Delivery and discharge • Newborn screening • High-risk infants and preterm birth • Respiratory support • Infections and vaccinations • Complications and issues • Safe sleep • SIDS and infant death • And more!