Navigation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Applications, Advances, and Limitations

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of navigation surgery in the head and neck region. Navigation is particularly important in difficult and limited exposure areas, such as the orbit and deep spaces of the head and neck. With the aid of navigation systems, an expert can palpably and accurately measure the amount of bone removed during fracture reductions or resections of bony masses procedures. In addition to reducing surgery time for soft tissue lesions, navigation technique also allows for minimally invasive access to lesions without extensive dissection that is often required for traditional open approaches. Navigation can also be extremely helpful in locating and retrieving foreign bodies. Chapters cover navigation in a variety of different surgical specialties including, but not limited to, trauma surgery, implant surgery, and orthogenetic surgery. Chapters also discuss surgical pathology as well as guided surgeries. The book features detailed case presentations for each surgery sub-topic and discusses future advances in the field that are currently in development. Navigation in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is a must-have resource for clinicians, professionals, and practitioners in the fields of oral & maxillofacial surgery, otorhinolaryngology-head & neck surgery, trauma surgery, and plastic surgery, as well as researchers and postgraduate students in related fields. Foreword Preface Contents Contributors Fundamentals of Navigation Surgery 1 History of Navigation System 2 Principal of Navigation Systems Imaging Imaging Artifacts Tracking Systems Optical Tracking Systems EMT Systems Registration Registration Errors and Error Analysis Relation Between Errors 3 Registration Accuracy Improvement Landmark Configuration Accurate Landmark Selection Touch-Based Methods Touchless Methods Optical Patterns Laser Pointer and 3D Scanner Registration Algorithm Improvement 4 Limitations and Some Cures for Surgical Navigation Systems Soft Tissue Deformation and Intraoperative Imaging Intraoperative Validation of Surgical Navigation Using Intraoperative Imaging 5 Future Prospects References Navigation in Orthognathic Surgery 1 Introduction 2 Orthognathic Surgery 3 Navigation in Orthognathic Surgery 4 Unaccounted Claims 5 Limitations 6 Future Prospects 7 Conclusions References Navigation in Trauma Surgery 1 Introduction 2 Application of Navigation in Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures 3 Application of Navigation in Orbital Trauma 4 Application of Navigation in Foreign Body Removal 5 Limitations of Navigation 6 Future of Navigation Surgery 7 Conclusion References Surgical Navigation in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 1 Introduction 2 Principles Behind Image-Guided Surgery (IGS): Surgical Navigation 3 Case No. 1: Broken Needle 4 Case No. 2: Displaced Tooth into the Infratemporal Fossa 5 Case No. 3: Maxillary Tumor/Ossifying Fibroma 6 Case No. 4: Maxillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma 7 Case No. 5: Infratemporal Fossa Tumor 8 Case No. 6: Mandibular Tumor 9 Conclusion References Navigation and Guided Surgery 1 Introduction 2 Computer-Guided Implant Surgery Types Template-Based Static System According to the Type of Support Mucosa Supported Bone-Supported Tooth/Crown-Support Guide Combined-Support According to Guide Visibility Open Guide Closed Guide According to the Drilling Technique Pilot Guided Fully Guided Dynamic Navigation System Image-to-Patient Registration in Dynamic Navigation System Surgical Navigation in Dynamic Navigation System Surgical Template Fabrication Using Navigation Systems Significance of Each Method 3 Workflow and Requirements of Computer-Guided Implant Surgery Prosthetic and Surgical Planning CBCT Digital Impression Planning Software Importing DICOM and STL Files Drawing the Panoramic Curve Mapping Nerve Canals in Mandibular Arch Segmentation Choosing the Appropriate Implant Size, Position, and Angulation Surgical Guide Designation Surgical Guide Fabrication 4 Limitations of Computer-Guided Implant Surgery 5 Common Mistakes Encountered in Guided Surgery 6 Guided Single Implants Case 1: Immediate Guided Implant Placement with Immediate Loading 7 Guided Partially Edentulous Cases Case 2: Guided Surgery in Partially Edentulous Cases 8 Guided Fully Edentulous Cases Case 3: Guided Surgery of a Maxillary Edentulous Case 9 Conclusion References Static Surgical Guides and Dynamic Navigation in Implant Surgery 1 Steps Involved in Implant Placement 2 Surgical Guide Classification 3 Tooth-Supported Surgical Guides 4 Mucosal Tissue-Supported Surgical Guides 5 Bone-Supported Surgical Guides 6 Fully Guided Versus Partially Guided Surgical Guides 7 Steps in Fabricating a Surgical Guide 8 Conventional Single Implant Guide 9 Static Surgical Guides, Stereolithography 10 Steps for Static Surgical Guide 11 Dynamic Navigation 12 Steps for Dynamic Navigation 13 Summary References Index