Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds (Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, 121)

The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number ― from fewer than 25 in 1968 ― to approximately 8,000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented. About This Book Content Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds—A Comprehensive Review 1 Introduction 2 Origins 2.1 Marine Environment 2.2 Terrestrial Environment 2.3 Extraterrestrial Environment 3 Occurrence 3.1 Simple Alkanes 3.2 Other Functionalized Acyclic Organohalogens 3.3 Simple Functionalized Cyclic Organohalogens 3.4 Terpenes 3.5 Steroids 3.6 Marine Nonterpenes: C15 Acetogenins 3.7 Iridoids 3.8 Lipids, Fatty Acids, and Marine Polyacetylenes 3.9 Fluorine-Containing Natural Products 3.10 Prostaglandins 3.11 Furanones 3.12 Amino Acids and Peptides 3.13 Alkaloids 3.14 Heterocycles 3.15 Polyacetylenes 3.16 Enediynes 3.17 Macrolides and Polyethers 3.18 Naphthoquinones and Higher Quinones 3.19 Tetracyclines 3.20 Aromatics 3.21 Simple Phenols 3.22 Complex Phenols 3.23 Glycopeptides 3.24 Orthosomycins 3.25 Dioxins and Dibenzofurans 3.26 Humic Acids 4 Biohalogenation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Chloroperoxidase 4.3 Bromoperoxidase 4.4 Halogenases, Other Haloperoxidases, and Peroxidases 4.5 Myeloperoxidase 4.6 Abiotic Processes 4.7 Biofluorination 4.8 Biosynthesis 5 Biodegradation 6 Natural Function 7 Significance 8 Outlook References