Natural Resource Regulation in China (Contributions to Public Administration and Public Policy)

This book makes an in-depth study of China’s natural resource regulatory system including theoretical basis, development process, asset accounting, ownership reform, system structure, legal safeguard and policy implications. China is a big country with vast natural resource. Improving the supervision system of natural resources and enhancing the supervision capacity of natural resources have become the top priority of China's economic and social development. This book focuses on how to establish an optimized, coordinated and efficient natural resource regulatory system in China and aims to improve China’s natural resource regulatory system. By combing through the process of historical change, analyzing resource accounting and pricing methods and studying the realization and reform of property rights, this book discusses China’s current problems in the process of natural resource regulation and then proposes solutions and implementation paths as a reference for the construction of the Chinese natural resource regulatory system. People who are interested in natural resource regulation could find something useful in this book. Preface Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Background 1.2 Current State of China’s Natural Resources 1.3 Problems in Natural Resource Regulation 1.4 Research Framework 2 Theoretical Basis for Analysis of Natural Resource Supervision Systems 2.1 Process of Understanding the Scarcity of Natural Resources 2.1.1 Classical Economists’ Views of Resource Scarcity 2.1.2 Neoclassical Economists’ Views of Resource Scarcity 2.2 Theory of Natural Resource Value and Price Composition 2.2.1 Theory of Natural Resource Value 2.2.2 Price Composition of Natural Resources 2.3 Game Theory 2.3.1 Static Game with Complete Information: Nash Equilibrium 2.3.2 Dynamic Game with Complete Information: Sub-game Refining Nash Equilibrium 2.3.3 Static Game with Incomplete Information: Bayesian Nash Equilibrium 2.3.4 Dynamic Game with Incomplete Information: Refining Bayesian Equilibrium 2.4 Efficient Allocation of Natural Resources 2.4.1 Static Efficiency of Resource Configuration 2.4.2 Intergenerational Efficiency of Resource Allocation 2.4.3 Market Failure 2.5 Theory of the Circular Economy 2.5.1 Connotation of the Circular Economy 2.5.2 Characteristics of the Circular Economy 2.5.3 Evaluation Index System of the Circular Economy 2.6 Summary References 3 Historical Changes in China’s Natural Resource Regulatory System 3.1 Historical Changes in the Philosophy of Natural Resource Regulation 3.1.1 The Regulatory Philosophy of Each Period 3.1.2 The Law of Change of Regulatory Philosophy 3.2 Historical Changes in the Body of Natural Resource Regulation 3.2.1 Changes in the Main Body of Natural Resource Regulation of Various Types 3.2.2 The Changing Pattern of Regulatory Bodies 3.2.3 Current Regulatory Body 3.3 Historical Changes in the Basis of Natural Resource Regulation 3.3.1 Changes in the Regulatory Basis of Various Types of Natural Resources 3.3.2 The Changing Law of Regulatory Basis 3.4 Summary References 4 International Comparison of Natural Resource Regulatory Systems 4.1 Development History and Status Quo of the Natural Resource Regulatory System in the United States 4.1.1 Distribution of Natural Resources 4.1.2 Ownership of Land and Resources 4.1.3 Development History of Natural Resource Regulatory System 4.1.4 Current Situation of Natural Resource Regulation 4.1.5 Experience of US Natural Resource System Regulation for China 4.2 Development History and Status Quo of Japan’s Natural Resource Supervision System 4.2.1 Distribution of Natural Resources 4.2.2 Ownership of Land and Resources 4.2.3 Development History of Natural Resource Management 4.2.4 Current Situation of Natural Resource Supervision 4.2.5 Relevance of Japan’s Natural Resource System Supervision for China 4.3 Development History and Status Quo of Russia’s Natural Resource Supervision System 4.3.1 Distribution of Natural Resources 4.3.2 Ownership of Land and Resources 4.3.3 Development History of Natural Resource Management 4.3.4 Current Situation of Natural Resource Supervision 4.3.5 Experience of Russia’s Natural Resource System Supervision for China 4.4 Summary References 5 Accounting and Pricing Methods for Natural Resources 5.1 Overview of the Natural Resource Balance Sheet 5.1.1 System of Accounting for Natural Resources 5.1.2 Accounting Elements of the Natural Resource Balance Sheet 5.1.3 Accounting Methodology for Natural Resources 5.1.4 Principles of Compilation of the Natural Resource Balance Sheet 5.2 Accounting Methodology for Natural Resource Assets and Liabilities 5.2.1 Accounting for Natural Resource Assets 5.2.2 Accounting for Natural Resource Liabilities 5.3 Compilation and Analysis of the Natural Resource Balance Sheet 5.3.1 Physical Balance Sheet and Analysis 5.3.2 Value Balance Sheet and Analysis 5.4 Summary References 6 Realization and Reform of Property Rights of Natural Resources Assets 6.1 Concept of Property Rights System of Natural Resource Assets 6.1.1 Connotation and Basic Attributes of Natural Resource Assets 6.1.2 Classification of Natural Resource Assets 6.1.3 Definition of Property Rights of Natural Resource Assets in China 6.2 Theoretical Basis for Building the Property Rights System of Natural Resources Assets 6.2.1 National Ownership Theory of Natural Resources 6.2.2 Asset Management Theory of Natural Resources 6.3 Research on the Property Rights System of Natural Resource Assets—Taking Forest Assets as an Example 6.3.1 Registration of Confirmation of Rights 6.3.2 Transfer Circulation 6.3.3 Income Distribution 6.4 Problems in the Property Rights System of Forest Resource Assets in China 6.4.1 Registration of Confirmation of Rights 6.4.2 Transfer 6.4.3 Income Distribution 6.5 Suggestions for Improving the Property Rights System of Forest Resource Assets in China 6.5.1 Registration of Confirmation of Rights 6.5.2 Transfer 6.5.3 Income Distribution 6.6 Summary References 7 Architectural Design of China’s Natural Resource Regulatory System 7.1 The Layout of the Natural Resource Supervision System 7.1.1 Supervisory Subjects and Objects 7.1.2 Supervision Means and Tools 7.1.3 Configuration of Supervisory Functions 7.1.4 Supervisory Mechanism 7.2 The Principal–Agent Mechanism in the Natural Resource Supervision System 7.2.1 Principal–Agent Relationship 7.2.2 The Choice of Agent Behavior 7.2.3 Principal–Agent Model Setting 7.2.4 Model Solution and Inference 7.3 The Game Relationship Among the Participants in the Natural Resource Regulatory System 7.3.1 Participant Game Problem Description 7.3.2 Model and Parameter Setting 7.3.3 Model Establishment and Solution 7.3.4 Game Equilibrium 7.3.5 Conclusion of the Game Model 7.4 System Design of Unified Supervision of Natural Resources 7.4.1 Building a Multi-information Sharing Platform for Natural Resource Supervision 7.4.2 Establishing a Corporate Behavior Recognition System 7.4.3 Strengthening Risk Emergency Response and Prevention and Control Mechanisms 7.4.4 Establishing a Skills and Technology Training Base 7.5 Summary References 8 Implementation Path of Natural Resource Regulation 8.1 China’s Unique Natural Resource Supervision System—The Audit System of Natural Resource Assets for Leading Cadres When They Leave Office 8.1.1 Connotation of Exit Audit System of Natural Resource Assets for Leading Cadres 8.1.2 Theoretical Basis of Exit Audits of Natural Resource Assets for Leading Cadres 8.2 Construction of the Evaluation Index System for the Exit Audits of Natural Resource Assets for Leading Cadres 8.2.1 Principles for Constructing the Indicator System 8.2.2 Elements of the Indicator System 8.2.3 How to Determine the Indicator Weight 8.2.4 Calculation of Indicator Weights 8.3 Application of the Audit Evaluation Index System of Natural Resource Assets in Xi’an City 8.3.1 Current Situation of Natural Resources in Xi’an City and Exit Audits of Natural Resource Assets 8.3.2 Application of Exit Audit and Evaluation Index System of Natural Resource Assets in Xi’an City 8.3.3 Exit Audit and Evaluation Conclusion of Natural Resource Assets in xi’an City 8.4 Summary References 9 Legal Safeguards for the Natural Resource Regulatory System 9.1 Natural Resource Regulation and Law 9.1.1 Legal Problems in the Regulation of Natural Resources 9.1.2 Improvement of Natural Resources Regulatory System Under the Legal Environment 9.2 Legal Perspective on Natural Resource Asset Management 9.2.1 Current Management System of Natural Resource Assets 9.2.2 Current Status of Natural Resource Asset Management 9.2.3 Introduction of Foreign Experience in Natural Resource Asset Management 9.2.4 Improving Natural Resource Asset Management 9.3 Natural Resource Tax System Management 9.3.1 Resource Tax System Related Theories and Functional Positioning 9.3.2 Current Development of China’s Resource Tax System 9.3.3 Countermeasures for Improving China’s Current Resource Tax System 9.4 Improving the Legal Guarantee of Natural Resources Regulatory System 9.4.1 Establishing Goals and Values, and Improving the Legal System of Natural Resource Regulation 9.4.2 Sounding Property Rights System and Strengthening Standardized Management 9.4.3 Combining “External Traceability Control” and “Internal Traceability Control” to Improve the Monitoring Mechanism of Natural Resources 9.5 Summary References 10 Outlook: The Road Ahead for Natural Resource Supervision 10.1 Basic Idea of Natural Resource Supervision 10.1.1 Basis of Natural Resource Supervision 10.1.2 Implementation Path of Natural Resource Supervision 10.2 Institutional Innovation of Natural Resource Asset Elements 10.2.1 Improving the Property Right System of Natural Resource Assets 10.2.2 Improving the Accounting Mechanism of Natural Resource Assets and Liabilities 10.3 Innovation of Natural Resource Asset Mechanism 10.3.1 Improving the Natural Resource Trading Market 10.3.2 Improving the Exit Audit System of Natural Resource Assets for Leading Cadres 10.4 Establishing a Land and Resources Planning System 10.4.1 Improving the Spatial Planning System 10.4.2 Improving the Rural Land Resource Planning System 10.5 Strengthening the Trade Mechanism of Natural Resources 10.5.1 Export Control Reform of China’s State-Owned Natural Resources 10.5.2 Natural Resource Supervision from a Global Perspective 10.6 Improving the Multi-agent Natural Resource Supervision System 10.6.1 Improving the Government Administrative Law Enforcement System 10.6.2 Building a Public Supervision Platform 10.7 Summary References