Natural Law and the Origin of Political Economy: Samuel Pufendorf and the History of Economics (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics)

Présentation de l'éditeur : "Samuel Pufendorf's work on natural law and political economy was extensive and has been cited by several important figures in the history of economic thought. Yet his name is rarely mentioned in textbooks on the history of economic thought, the history of political science or the history of philosophy. In this unprecedented study, Arild Sæther sheds new light both on Pufendorf's own life and work, as well as his influence on his contemporaries and on later scholars. This book explores Pufendorf 's doctrines of political economy and his work on natural law, which was translated into several major European languages. Natural Law and the Origin of Political Economy considers the influence he had on the writings on political economy of John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Francis Hutcheson and Adam Smith, amongst others. If Smith can be called the father of modern economics, this book claims that Pufendorf can be called the grandfather. This volume is of great importance to those who study Pufendorf 's extensive works, as well as those interested in history of economic thought, political economy and political philosophy." Cover ......Page 1 Half Title ......Page 2 Title Page ......Page 4 Copyright Page ......Page 5 Table of Contents ......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Acknowledgements......Page 12 Introduction......Page 14 A True European......Page 15 Doctrines of Political Economy......Page 16 Diffusion of Pufendorf’s Economic Ideas......Page 17 Early French Philosophers and Pufendorf......Page 18 Scottish Followers of Pufendorf......Page 19 How could Pufendorf be Overlooked?......Page 20 Note......Page 21 PART I: Childhood and Education......Page 22 1. Childhood: Turbulent Times......Page 24 Notes......Page 26 2. University Education in Leipzig and Jena......Page 27 Notes......Page 32 3. A Creative Imprisonment in Copenhagen......Page 33 Notes......Page 35 PART II: A True European......Page 38 Pufendorf as Professor at the University of Heidelberg......Page 40 Pufendorf as Professor at the University of Lund......Page 42 Pufendorf as Historiographer in Stockholm......Page 45 Pufendorf as Historiographer in Berlin......Page 47 Notes......Page 49 Pufendorf’s Writings......Page 50 Grotius and his Followers Selden, Hobbes and Cumberland......Page 53 Pufendorf’s System of Natural Law......Page 58 Notes......Page 61 PART III: Doctrines of Political Economy......Page 64 6. Method of Analysis......Page 66 The Method used in Elementorum Jurisprudentiae Universalis......Page 67 The Method used in De Jure Naturae et Gentium......Page 68 The Social Life of Man......Page 70 The Certainty of Moral Science......Page 71 Notes......Page 72 Man’s Distinctive Light of Intelligence......Page 73 Man Should Be Governed by Law......Page 76 The Natural State of Man......Page 78 The True Basis for the Law of Nature......Page 80 Self-Interest – Man’s First Human Attribute......Page 81 Sociability – Man’s Second Human Attribute......Page 82 Man’s Duties towards Himself......Page 84 Man’s Duties Toward Other Men......Page 85 Discounted Value of Damage......Page 86 Notes......Page 87 The Right and the Power of Men......Page 89 The Origin of Property......Page 90 The Role of an Agreement or Pact......Page 94 The Four-Stages Theory......Page 95 Notes......Page 98 What is Price?......Page 100 Human Motives......Page 103 Legal Price and Natural Price......Page 106 How is the Natural Price Determined?......Page 107 Changes in Market Price......Page 108 Question of Information......Page 109 Theory of Money and Trade......Page 110 What Can Be Used as Money?......Page 111 Quantity of Money and the Price Level......Page 113 Money and the Rate of Interest......Page 114 Monopolies......Page 116 On Interest......Page 117 Notes......Page 118 On the Establishment of a State......Page 120 On the Internal Structure of States......Page 121 Contractual Nature of the State......Page 122 What Agreements Are Needed?......Page 123 Council Decisions and Voting Procedures ......Page 125 An Insoluble Problem?......Page 129 Notes......Page 130 The Division of Responsibilities in a State......Page 132 What Parts Are Naturally United?......Page 135 Forms of States......Page 136 Comparative Advantages of Different Forms of States......Page 138 Principles of Taxation......Page 140 The Economic Responsibility of a Sovereign......Page 142 Note......Page 146 PART IV: Diffusion of Pufendorf’s Economic Ideas......Page 148 What Were the Reasons for his Popularization?......Page 150 De Officio: An International Bestseller......Page 151 Jean Barbeyrac: The Preeminent French Translator......Page 152 Editions and Translations of De Officio......Page 153 Natural Law a University Subject......Page 157 Notes......Page 159 A Biographical Sketch......Page 161 Pufendorf Locke’s Primary Source......Page 163 Locke’s Writings on Political Economy......Page 165 Theory of Property......Page 167 Theory of Value, Money and Trade......Page 170 Foundation of States......Page 173 Division of State Powers, Corruption and Taxation......Page 174 Locke and the Diffusion of Pufendorf’s Natural Law......Page 175 Notes......Page 177 PART V: Early French Philosophers and Pufendorf......Page 180 The Distinguished Moralist......Page 182 The Legal Philosopher......Page 183 The Magistrate from Normandy......Page 184 Pufendorf’s French Translator......Page 186 An Unoriginal Plagiarist......Page 187 The Editor......Page 192 Notes......Page 194 15. Charles Montesquieu: A Great Philosopher......Page 195 Montesquieu Stands Indebted to Pufendorf......Page 196 Notes......Page 203 16. Jean-Jaques Rousseau: A Political Thinker......Page 204 Did Pufendorf Influence Rousseau?......Page 205 Rousseau’s Writings on Political Economy......Page 206 Notes......Page 213 Introduction......Page 214 Sources......Page 215 The Influence of Physiocracy......Page 220 Notes......Page 221 PART VI: Scottish followers of Pufendorf......Page 222 18. Gershom Carmichael brought Pufendorf to Scotland......Page 224 Why did Carmichael Select De Officio as a Textbook?......Page 225 Notes......Page 227 19. Francis Hutcheson a User of Pufendorf......Page 228 Moral Philosophy becomes Ethics, Government and Political Economy......Page 231 Hutcheson built on Pufendorf......Page 232 Hutcheson’s Influence......Page 237 Notes......Page 239 A Biographical Sketch......Page 241 Who Influenced Adam Smith?......Page 243 Pufendorf and Smith on Political Economy......Page 246 Theory of Human Behaviour......Page 247 Theory of Property and the Four-Stages Theory......Page 250 Theories of Value, Money and Trade......Page 253 Value and Money in Lectures on Jurisprudence......Page 254 Money and Value in The Wealth of Nations......Page 256 Foundation of States and Councils......Page 258 Division of Responsibility and Principles of Taxation......Page 260 Notes......Page 263 PART VII: How Could Pufendorf Be Overlooked?......Page 266 The Bedevilled Historians of Philosophy......Page 268 The Bedevilled Historians of Economic Thought......Page 272 Notes......Page 273 Books Examining the Origin of Classical Economics......Page 274 The Wood Collections......Page 277 Note......Page 279 23. Pufendorf the Grandfather of Political Economy......Page 281 References......Page 284 Index......Page 307 Présentation de l'éditeur : "Samuel Pufendorf's work on natural law and political economy was extensive and has been cited by several important figures in the history of economic thought. Yet his name is rarely mentioned in textbooks on the history of economic thought, the history of political science or the history of philosophy. In this unprecedented study, Arild Sæther sheds new light both on Pufendorf's own life and work, as well as his influence on his contemporaries and on later scholars. This book explores Pufendorf 's doctrines of political economy and his work on natural law, which was translated into several major European languages. Natural Law and the Origin of Political Economy considers the influence he had on the writings on political economy of John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Francis Hutcheson and Adam Smith, amongst others. If Smith can be called the father of modern economics, this book claims that Pufendorf can be called the grandfather. This volume is of great importance to those who study Pufendorf 's extensive works, as well as those interested in history of economic thought, political economy and political philosophy." Childhood : Turbulent Times -- University Education In Leipzig And Jena -- A Creative Imprisonment In Copenhagen -- Academic Career -- A Champion Of The Enlightenment -- Method Of Analysis -- Theory Of Human Behaviour -- Private Property And The Four-stages Theory -- Theories Of Value, Money And Trade -- The Foundation Of States And Councils -- Division Of State Powers And Principles Of Taxation -- A Great Popularizer -- John Locke : An Admirer Of Pufendorf -- The First French Followers -- Charles Montesquieu : A Great Philosopher -- Jean-jaques Rousseau : A Political Thinker -- The First Economic Model Builders -- Gershom Carmichael Brought Pufendorf To Scotland -- Francis Hutcheson A User A Pufendorf -- Pufendorf As A Predecessor Of Adam Smith -- The Bedevilled Historians -- Have Economists Overlooked Pufendorf? -- Pufendorf The Grandfather Of Political Economy. Arild Sæther. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.