NATO and Transatlantic Relations in the 21st Century: Foreign and Security Policy Perspectives (Contemporary Security Studies)

This book explores the evolution and future relevance of NATO from the perspective of the member-states. Addressing the overarching question of the relevance of transatlantic relations in the 21st century, the volume has three core objectives. The first is to reinforce the view that international alliances serve not only an external-oriented goal, but also a domestic-oriented aim, which is to control others’ behaviour. The second is to show that tensions amongst NATO allies have become more acute and, therefore, more dangerous. The third is to discuss current transatlantic relations through the adoption of a "second image" perspective; that is, one that emphasizes the multiple vertical linkages that connect NATO to the politics and the policies of each ally. The chapters presented here are built on a dual approach: on the one hand, they look at the place the Alliance occupies in the domestic public debate and the strategic culture of specific member states; on the other, they analyze how each of these countries contributes to NATO’s operations and what interests and visions they share for the Alliance’s future. This book will be of much interest to students of NATO, international organizations, foreign policy, and security studies in general. This book explores the evolution and future relevance of NATO from the perspective of the member-states.Addressing the overarching question of the relevance of transatlantic relations in the 21st century, the volume has three core objectives. The first is to reinforce the view that international alliances serve not only an external-oriented goal, but also a domestic-oriented aim, which is to control othersâ•• behavior. The second is to show that tensions amongst NATO allies have become more acute and, therefore, more dangerous. The third is to discuss current transatlantic relations through the adoption of a â••second imageâ•• perspective; that is, one that emphasizes the multiple vertical linkages that connect NATO to the politics and the policies of each ally. The chapters presented here are built on a dual approach: on the one hand, they look at the place the Alliance occupies in the domestic public debate and the strategic culture of specific member states; on the other hand, they analyze how each of these countries contributes to NATOâ••s operations and what interests and visions they share for the Allianceâ••s future.This book will be of much interest to students of NATO, international organizations, foreign policy, and security studies in general. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Information 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of contents 6 Illustrations 8 List of Contributors 9 Abbreviations 11 Preface 13 Introduction 16 Making sense of NATO 18 NATO in historical perspective: All that glitters isn’t gold! 20 What future for NATO? 23 Organization of the book 26 Notes 29 1 The US role in NATO: Past, present, and future 33 Introduction 33 The US and NATO in historical context 35 The role of the US in NATO today 39 The future of the US in NATO 42 Notes 45 2 Canada and NATO: Hopes and ambitions 48 Introduction 48 Neoclassical realism 48 Variances in Canada’s commitments to the Alliance 51 Canada’s view of threats 53 The quest for a “counterweight” 57 Connection of foreign and defense policy goals 57 Conclusion 58 Notes 59 3 The UK in NATO: London’s transatlantic bargain and the dilemmas of Brexit 62 Introduction 62 The British version of the transatlantic bargain 63 Enhanced capabilities and continued commitment: the UK in NATO today 68 Beyond the EU: prospects for the post-Brexit UK role in NATO 72 Conclusion: NATO will be more essential to London 76 Notes 78 4 Norway, NATO, and the Northern flank 82 Introduction 82 Background: Norway and Russia 83 Norwegian security and defense priorities 85 The evolution of Norway’s defense doctrine 86 NATO’s role in Norway 88 NATO: popular perceptions and political support 91 The Norwegian defense budget and the “2 percent” requirement 94 Norway’s attitude toward EU’s CSDP 94 Conclusions 96 Notes 96 5 Denmark in NATO: From laggard to leader to loyal? 100 Introduction 100 Making sense of Denmark’s NATO policy 100 Cold War laggard 1949–1989: national caveats galore 102 NATO leader 1990–2014: damn entrapment, full speed ahead 105 NATO loyalist? 2014–today: leadership status under pressure 108 Conclusion 111 Notes 114 6 Toward a “partner in leadership”?: Germany’s shifting role in NATO after the end of the Cold War 119 Introduction 119 Theoretical perspectives on Germany’s role in NATO 120 Role theory as an alternative explanation 121 Stability and change within the transatlantic security community 122 Germany’s role in NATO after the end of the Cold War 123 Contribution to military missions 123 Growing international expectations and Germany’s out-of-area debate 125 The domestic politics of military interventions 126 Alter-casting in the wake of the Ukraine crisis 128 Defense expenditure 129 NATO’s burden sharing debate 129 Domestic debates on defense expenditures after the Ukraine crisis 131 Conclusion 132 Notes 134 7 Poland’s role in NATO: Toward a transatlantic bargain 2.0? 140 Introduction 140 Entering the club – Poland in NATO in historical context 142 The role of Poland in NATO today 145 The future of Poland in NATO 150 Notes 153 8 The Baltic states in NATO: An evolving transatlantic bargain from newcomers to President Trump 157 Introduction 157 The NATO proving ground in Afghanistan 158 Baltic NATO policy and the Ukraine crisis 162 Baltic defense and NATO’s strategic priorities 164 Donald Trump and transatlantic turbulence 166 Political change and new doubts 169 Conclusion 175 Notes 176 9 Spain and NATO: Punching below its weight? 182 Introduction 182 The ambivalent nature of Spain’s defense and security policy 183 Spanish visions of NATO: There’s an American in the soup! 188 Spain and NATO: future challenges 192 The evolution of Spain–US relations 193 Spain and the Southern flank 194 A more “international” Spain? 195 Conclusions 195 Notes 198 10 Italy and NATO in the 21st century: Still a formidable partnership? 203 Introduction 203 Italy and NATO during the Cold War 203 Italy and NATO after the Cold War 205 Italy and NATO in the War on Terror 208 The impact of the 2008 economic crisis and the rise of populist narratives 210 Italy and the Southern flank 212 Italy and the return of Russia 214 Italy and the Trump administration 216 Conclusions 218 Notes 219 11 Turkey and NATO: A fluctuating relationship 222 The Cold War period 222 Conservatism and domestic factors 224 A new definition of security 225 From security consumer to security provider 228 Recent developments and Syrian issue 230 Old partner, new problems 233 Notes 236 Index 239 "This book explores the evolution and future relevance of NATO from the perspective of the member-states. Addressing the overarching question of the relevance of transatlantic relations in the 21st century, the volume has three core objectives. The first is to reinforce the view that international alliances serve not only an external-oriented goal, but also a domestic-oriented aim, which is to control others' behaviour. The second is to show that tensions amongst NATO allies have become more acute and, therefore, more dangerous. The third is to discuss current transatlantic relations through the adoption of a 'second image' perspective; that is, one that emphasizes the multiple vertical linkages that connect NATO to the politics and the policies of each ally. The chapters presented here are built on a dual approach: on the one hand, they look at the place the Alliance occupies in the domestic public debate and the strategic culture of specific member states; on the other, they analyze how each of these countries contributes to NATO's operations and what interests and visions they share for the Alliance's future. This book will be of much interest to students of NATO, international organisations, foreign policy and security studies in general"-- Provided by publisher