National Security And International Environmental Cooperation In The Arctic - The Case Of The Northern Sea Route (environment & Policy)

The basic objective of this report is to place the debate about the future of the Northern Sea Route into the larger picture of Arctic politics and the emerging agenda of the Arctic as a developing region in international society. National security and international environmental cooperation, are the objects of study employed, both separately and in various conceptual combinations, to realize this purpose. To help me in this, I was privileged to draw on the profound expertise of my highly esteemed co-authors, Professor Franklyn Griffiths at the University of Toronto and Senior Researchers at IMEMO in Moscow: Raphael Vartanov, Alexei Roginko and Alexander Kolossov. To their cooperative spirit, friendship and solid contributions to this report, ( am deeply indebted. The report is the result of multiple contributions, both in terms of substance and funding, extending far beyond the inputs of the team of authors. The professional input and thorough work 'behind the scene' done by Liv Astrid Sverdrup, Researcher at FNI at an early stage of the project, has been invaluable. Senior Consultant Kjell Moe at the Norwegian Polar Institute also provided valuable comments and improvements to the biological parts of the Introductory chapter, whilst Senior Consultant Ann Skarstad at FNI, worked wonders with the language for those of us not having English as our mother tongue. Claes Lykke Ragner, Deputy head of the (NSROP secretariat, and Dr. The basic objective of this book is to place the Northern Sea Route, as the largest scale economic endeavour of the North, into the broader picture of contemporary Arctic politics. The book's overall focus is on the issue-specific needs, properties and interactional patterns that currently exist between the two driving forces underlying regional politics: the urge to achieve an adequate level of environmental protection in order to sustain an eco-system of unique fragility, and the need to utilise regional environmental features for the sake of preserving national security. The book is thus a study of national security and international environmental cooperation, both alone and in a variety of conceptual combinations, including environmental security, sustainable security, extended security and cooperative security Front Matter....Pages i-xviii Introductory Chapter....Pages 1-19 National Security and the Evolving Issues of Arctic Environment and Cooperation....Pages 21-51 Russian Security Policy 1945–96: The Role of the Arctic, the Environment and the NSR....Pages 53-102 Environment and Security in Arctic Waters: A Canadian Perspective....Pages 103-133 Norwegian Security Policy: The Role of the Arctic, the Environment and the NSR....Pages 135-177 Environment in the U.S. Discourse on Security: The Case of the Missing Arctic Waters....Pages 179-203 Danish Security Policy: The Role of the Arctic, the Environment and Arctic Navigation....Pages 205-237 The NSR in the Context of Arctic Environmental Cooperation and National Security: Some Concluding Remarks....Pages 239-265 Back Matter....Pages 267-369