National Atlas of Georgia to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the foundation of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University = Nationalatlas von Georgien : herausgegeben zum 100-jährigen Jubiläum der Gründung der Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State U

Until recently, knowledge of Georgia was limited in Western Europe, as this now ­independent country had been part of the Soviet Union until 1991. Georgia is well ­known for its hospitality, wine and cuisine, and also for the mountain peaks of the Caucasus which reach above 5000 meters. Otherwise few people know that there are different languages and ethnic groups in Georgia, that a separate Georgian alphabet exists and that Georgia has a fascinating history of more than 2000 years. The National Atlas presents detailed information with maps and accompanying text for the visitor as well as for scientists and business travellers. The National Atlas of Georgia, published for the first time in English by the Institute of Geography of Tbilisi State University as a strongly revised, updated and completed edition, offers the most current geographic information on Georgia today. The thematic maps are created using the latest digital techniques, detailing the physical environment, climate, economy, population, and historical milestones of the country. Maps, tables and texts are updated with the latest information from the following statistical sources: the National Statistics Office of Georgia, the Agency of Protected Areas and the Georgian National Tourism Administration. The accomplishment of this National Atlas of Georgia is the result of an intense cooperation between Tbilisi State University and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Preface Content Georgia: Balcony of Europe and Intersection of Cultures General Georgia in Europe Georgia in Political Space Diplomatic Relations Caucasus Georgia Administrative Division Geology Geology (Text) Tectonics (Text) Geology Tectonics Hydrogeology Mineral Waters Upper Oligocene The End of Upper Miocene Upper Pliocene Mindel-Riss Interglacial Quaternary Sediments Mineral Resources Neogene and Pleistocene Volcanism Earthquakes Geomorphology and Natural Hazards Geomorphology (Text) Orographic Scheme Geomorphology Exogenous Processes Karst (Text) Karst Morphology and Dynamics of the Costal Zone Black Sea Coastal Morphology Coastal Dynamics Enguri River Submarine Canyon Rioni River Submarine Canyon Landslides (Text) Landslides Debrisflows (Text) Debrisflows Avalanche Risk Assessment of Anthropogenic Impact Intensity on the Landforms Climate Climate (Text) Annual Average Air Temperature Annual Average Absolute Maximum Air Temperature Annual Average Absolute Minimum Air Temperature Annual Average Air Temperature, January Annual Average Air Temperature, July Growing Degree Days (10°C Base Threshold) Annual Average Sunshine Duration Aridity Index Annual Average Sum Precipitation Annual Average Snow Cover Height Annual Average Evaporation Humidity Index Annual Average Number of Thunderstorm Days Annual Average Number of Hail Days Annual Average Number of Fog Days Annual Average Wind Speed and Direction Climate Types Agroclimatic Zonality Hydrology Hydrology (Text) Average Annual Runoff Average Annual Runoff Distribution by Basins Runoff Distributions by Regions Rivers Turbidity Territorial Zonality by Annual Runoff Flooding Runoff Subsurface Runoff Snow and Glacier Melting Flow Hydrography Glaciers Glaciers (Text) Modern and Late Pleistocene Glaciers Glacier Change in the Enguri River Basin Biogeography Vegetation (Text) Vegetation Soils Forests Landscapes (Photos) Landscapes Phyto Resources of Landscapes Forestry of Landscapes Sustainability of Landscapes Fauna (Text) Mammals Birds Fishes Society Population (Text) Birth Rate Death Rate Natural Increase Settlements Rural Population Ethnicities Cities Tbilisi Kutaisi, Batumi Sokhumi Internally Displaced Persons Epachies of Georgian Orthodox Church Economy Energy Industry Transport Agriculture Agricultural Land Structure Plant Growing Animal Breeding Viticulture Ancient and Modern Grape Varieties Citrus Distribution Areas Tunga Distribution Areas Winemaking Foreign Trade Tourism Hotel Industry Natural Touristic-Recreational Resources Protected Areas and Monuments of Nature Monuments of Historical Architecture Museums Tbilisi Museums Sport (Text) Sport Archaeological Sites of Prehistoric and Classical Periods Archaeological Sites Dmanisi Archaeological Site The Georgian Alphabet (Script) History History (Text) Georgia in the 6th-3rd cc. B.C. East Asia Minor at the End of the 12th c. B.C. East Asia at the Beginning of the First Millennium B.C. Georgia in the Second Half of the 5th c. Georgia in the Second Half of the 10th c. Georgia in 1125 Georgia in the First Third of the 13th c. Georgia in the Last Third of the 15th c. Georgia in the First Half of the 17th c. Georgia in 1801 Georgia in the End of the 19th c. Authors and Consultants Until recently, knowledge of Georgia was limited in Western Europe, as this nowindependent country had been part of the Soviet Union until 1991. Georgia is wellknown for its hospitality, wine and cuisine, and also for the mountain peaks of the Caucasus which reach above 5000 meters. Otherwise few people know that there are different languages and ethnic groups in Georgia, that a separate Georgian alphabet exists and that Georgia has a fascinating history of more than 2000 years. The National Atlas presents detailed information with maps and accompanying text for the visitor as well as for scientists and business travellers. The National Atlas of Georgia, published for the first time in English by the Institute of Geography of Tbilisi State University as a strongly revised, updated and completed edition, offers the most current geographic information on Georgia today. The thematic maps are created using the latest digital techniques, detailing the physical environment, climate, economy, population, and historical milestones of the country. Maps, tables and texts are updated with the latest information from the following statistical sources: the National Statistics Office of Georgia, the Agency of Protected Areas and the Georgian National Tourism Administration. The accomplishment of this National Atlas of Georgia is the result of an intense cooperation between Tbilisi State University and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.--Publisher's description