NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement

American Astronautical Society Eugene M. Emme Astronautical Literature Award As NASA prepared for the launch of Apollo 11 in July 1969, many African American leaders protested the billions of dollars used to fund space joyrides rather than help tackle poverty, inequality, and discrimination at home. This volume examines such tensions as well as the ways in which NASAs goal of space exploration aligned with the cause of racial equality. It provides new insights into the complex relationship between the space program and the civil rights movement in the Jim Crow South and abroad. Essays explore how thousands of jobs created during the space race offered new opportunities for minorities in places like Huntsville, Alabama, while at the same time segregation at NASAs satellite tracking station in South Africa led to that facilitys closure. Other topics include black skepticism toward NASAs framing of space exploration as for the benefit of all mankind, NASAs track record in hiring women and minorities, and the efforts of black activists to increase minority access to education that would lead to greater participation in the space program. The volume also addresses how to best find and preserve archival evidence of African American contributions that are missing from narratives of space exploration. NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement offers important lessons from history as todays activists grapple with the distance between social movements like Black Lives Matter and scientific ambitions such as NASAs mission to Mars. Publication of the paperback edition made possible by a Sustaining the Humanities through the American Rescue Plan grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. List of Figures Foreword: How We Tell about the Civil Rights Movement and Why It Matters • Jacquelyn Dowd Hall Introduction: Exploring NASA in the Long Civil Rights Movement • Brian C. Odom PART I. NEW FRAMEWORKS 1. Space History Matures—and Reaches a Crossroads • Margaret A. Weitekamp 2. Bringing Mankind to the Moon: The Human Rights Narrative in the Space Age • P. J. Blount and David Miguel Molina 3. Bringing the Moon to Mankind: The Civil Rights Narrative and the Space Age • David Miguel Molina and P. J. Blount PART II. SOUTHERN CONTEXT 4. The Newest South: Race and Space on the Dixie Frontier • Brenda Plummer 5. Accommodating the Forces of Change: Civil Rights and Economic Development in Space Age Huntsville, Alabama • Matthew L. Downs 6. NASA, the Association of Huntsville Area Contractors, and Equal Employment Opportunity in the Rocket City, 1963–1965 • Brian C. Odom PART III. INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 7. Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez and Guion Bluford: The Last Cold War Race Battle • Cathleen Lewis 8. The Congressional Black Caucus and the Closure of NASA’s Satellite Tracking Station at Hartebeesthoek, South Africa • Keith Snedegar PART IV. BROADER CONTEXT 9. “A Competence Which Should Be Used”: NASA, Social Movements, and Social Problems in the 1970s • Cyrus C. M. Mody 10. The Gates of Opportunity: NASA, Black Activism, and Educational Access • Eric Fenrich 11. “Petite Engineer Likes Math, Music” • Christina K. Roberts List of Contributors Index As NASA prepared for the launch of Apollo 11 in July 1969, many African American leaders protested the billions of dollars used to fund "space joyrides" rather than help tackle poverty, inequality, and discrimination at home. This volume examines such tensions as well as the ways in which NASA's goal of space exploration aligned with the cause of racial equality. Essays provide new insights into the complex relationship between the space program and the civil rights movement in the Jim Crow South and abroad. NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement offers important lessons from history as today's activists grapple with the distance between social movements like Black Lives Matter and scientific ambitions such as NASA's mission to Mars NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement addresses the role/relationship of NASA and the Apollo program to the "long" civil rights movement in, particularly but not limited to, the Deep South (Huntsville, Florida, Houston, Mississippi, and New Orleans) and identifies the impact of NASA on the movement and the experiences of those who were directly affected by the space program and the impact of the movement on NASA's development during the Cold War Examining the ways in which NASA's goal of space exploration both conflicted and aligned with the cause of racial equality, this volume provides new insights into the complex relationship between the space program and the civil rights movement in the Jim Crow South and abroad.