Nanotechnology and the Generation of Sustainable Hydrogen (Green Energy and Technology)

This book explains the aspiring vision of a sustainable hydrogen generating system which employs nanotechnology one way or the other and presents a detailed update on research activities, achievements and challenges. It explores how nanotechnology is reshaping science in general and how this can be applied to the generation and storage of hydrogen energy. This book begins by highlighting the importance of hydrogen as a source of sustainable energy and its impact on the technical advances of fuel cells, internal combustion engines, batteries and power plants. The book depicts the role of nanotechnology in the development of sustainable hydrogen. Comprehensive studies on various nanotechnologies involved in hydrogen generation are discussed in separate chapters, representing a complete picture of hydrogen generation utilizing nanotechnology. This book serves as a useful research tool for academics and practitioners looking towards new ways to develop and consume energy, without conceding our environment. Providing the advantages and disadvantages of each technology discussed, this book shows the benefits of utilizing nanotechnology in this field Acknowledgements 7 Contents 8 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Hydrogen Energy 11 1.2 Hydrogen Generation and Nanotechnology 13 1.2.1 Water Splitting Reaction 14 1.2.2 Decarbonization of Hydrocarbons 15 1.2.3 Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide 15 1.2.4 Biomass Decomposition 16 1.2.5 Hydrogen Generation from Miscellaneous Sources 17 1.3 Storage of Hydrogen and Nanotechnology 18 1.3.1 Physisorption 18 1.3.2 Chemisorption 18 1.3.3 Fuel Cells 19 References 20 2 Water Splitting Reactions and Nanotechnology 22 2.1 Water Splitting Reactions 22 2.2 Quantum Dots and Water Splitting Reaction 24 2.3 Nanoparticles and Water Splitting Reactions 26 2.4 Nanotubes and Water Splitting Reactions 26 2.5 Nanosheets and Water Splitting Reactions 29 2.6 Other Nanomaterials and Water Splitting Reaction 30 2.7 Conclusion 31 References 32 3 Fossil Hydrocarbon Decarbonization and Nanotechnology 34 3.1 Fossil Hydrocarbon Decarbonization 34 3.2 Steam Reforming 35 3.3 Partial Oxidation 37 3.4 Photocatalytic Activation 40 3.5 CO2 Sequestration 41 3.6 Conclusion 42 References 42 4 Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition and Nanotechnology 45 4.1 Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition 45 4.2 Cadmium-Based Nanomaterials and Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition 47 4.3 Titanium-Based Nanomaterials and Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition 49 4.4 Zinc-Based Nanomaterials and Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition 50 4.5 Other Nanomaterials and Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition 52 4.6 Conclusion 53 References 53 5 Biomass Decomposition and Nanotechnology 56 5.1 Biomass Decomposition 56 5.2 Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Nanotechnology 60 5.3 Biochemical Conversion of Biomass and Nanotechnology 62 5.4 Conclusion 64 References 64 6 Hydrogen from Miscellaneous Sources and Nanotechnology 67 6.1 Introduction 67 6.2 Nano Hydride-Based Hydrogen Generation 70 6.3 Waste Material-Based Hydrogen Generation 72 6.4 Ammonia/Ammonium-Derivative-Based Hydrogen Generation 74 6.5 Conclusion 75 References 75 7 Physisorption 78 7.1 Introduction 78 7.2 Hydrogen Physisorption and Fullerenes 80 7.3 Hydrogen Physisorption and Carbon Nanotubes 81 7.4 Physisorption of Hydrogen and Graphene 83 7.5 Physisorption of Hydrogen and Metallic Nanomaterials 83 7.6 Conclusion 85 References 86 8 Chemisorption 88 8.1 Introduction 88 8.2 Chemisorption of Hydrogen and Fullerenes 89 8.3 Chemisorption of Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes 91 8.4 Physisorption of Hydrogen and Graphene 93 8.5 Chemisorption of Hydrogen and Metallic Nanomaterials 94 8.6 Conclusion 96 References 96 9 Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Nanotechnology 99 9.1 Introduction 99 9.2 Fuel Cell Electrolytic Membranes 101 9.3 Fuel Cell Electrodes 103 9.4 Fuel Cells and Nanocatalysts 104 9.5 Conclusion 105 References 105 10 Hydrogen Future: Toward Industrial Applications 108 References 111 Front Matter ....Pages i-xi Introduction (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 1-11 Water Splitting Reactions and Nanotechnology (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 13-24 Fossil Hydrocarbon Decarbonization and Nanotechnology (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 25-35 Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition and Nanotechnology (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 37-47 Biomass Decomposition and Nanotechnology (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 49-59 Hydrogen from Miscellaneous Sources and Nanotechnology (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 61-71 Physisorption (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 73-82 Chemisorption (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 83-93 Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Nanotechnology (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 95-103 Hydrogen Future: Toward Industrial Applications (Sarah Farrukh, Xianfeng Fan, Kiran Mustafa, Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Ayoub, Mohammad Younas)....Pages 105-109