Nanomaterials for Sustainable Hydrogen Production and Storage (Emerging Materials and Technologies)

Nanomaterials present a promising solution to implementation of hydrogen energy, playing an integral role in overcoming the limitations of hydrogen production and storage. This book explores these innovations, covering a wide spectrum of applications of nanomaterials for sustainable hydrogen production and storage. Cover Half Title Emerging Materials and Technologies Series Nanomaterials for Sustainable Hydrogen Production and Storage Copyright Contents Preface Notes on the Editors Contributors List of Abbreviations 1. Transition toward a Sustainable Hydrogen Economy: Status and Progress 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Addressing Sustainable Development Goals with a Hydrogen Economy 1.3 Present and Future Applications of Hydrogen 1.4 Challenges and Prospects of a Hydrogen Economy 1.5 Conclusion References 2. Exploring the Future of Nanomaterials: Insights into Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Types of Nanomaterials 2.2.1 Carbon-based Nanomaterials 2.2.1.1 Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) 2.2.1.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 2.2.1.3 Activated Carbon 2.2.1.4 Graphene 2.2.1.5 Fullerenes 2.2.2 Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) 2.2.3 Metal Nanomaterials (MNPs) 2.2.3.1 Metal-oxide Nanomaterials 2.2.4 Semiconductor Nanomaterials 2.2.5 Polymeric Nanomaterials 2.2.5.1 Dendrimers 2.2.5.2 Nanocellulose 2.2.6 Ceramic Nanomaterials 2.2.7 Nanocomposites 2.3 Nanomaterials Synthesis Methods 2.3.1 Physical Methods 2.3.1.1 Gas-phase Deposition 2.3.1.2 Electron Beam Lithography 2.3.1.3 Powder Ball Milling 2.3.1.4 Pulsed Laser Ablation 2.3.2 Chemical Methods 2.3.2.1 Coprecipitation 2.3.2.2 Microemulsion 2.3.2.3 Chemical Reduction 2.3.2.4 Hydrothermal Synthesis 2.3.3 Biological Methods 2.3.3.1 Fungi 2.3.3.2 Yeasts and Plants 2.4 Characterization of Nanomaterials 2.4.1 Raman Scattering (RS) Technique 2.4.2 X-ray Diffraction Technique 2.4.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy Technique 2.4.4 UV-visible Spectroscopy 2.4.5 Particle Size Analyzer 2.4.6 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 2.5 Futuristic Applications of Nanomaterials 2.5.1 Hydrogen Production and Storage 2.5.2 Wastewater Treatment 2.5.3 Pharmaceutical Applications 2.5.4 Biomedical Applications 2.5.5 Catalysis 2.5.6 Green Chemical Production 2.6 Conclusions References 3. Advances in Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Using Nanomaterials: An Analysis of Production Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Natural Gas Reforming 3.3 Biomass Gasification and Biomass-derived Liquid Reforming 3.4 Thermochemical Water Splitting 3.5 Nanomaterials for Thermochemical Water Splitting 3.6 Challenges of Nanomaterial-based Thermochemical Processes for Renewable H2 Production 3.7 Conclusions References 4. Biological Hydrogen Production: The Role and Potential of Nanomaterials 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Overview of Biological Hydrogen Production Methods 4.1.2 Bio-photolysis (Direct and Indirect) 4.1.3 Dark and Photo Fermentation 4.2 Nanomaterials for Enhancing Biological Hydrogen Production 4.2.1 Nanomaterials for Dark Fermentation of Hydrogen Production 4.2.2 Nanomaterials for Enhancing Photo Fermentative Hydrogen Production 4.2.3 Nanomaterials for Enhancing Biomass Pretreatment 4.2.4 Nanomaterials for Enhancing Biomass Hydrolysis 4.2.5 Nanotechnology Devices for Biohydrogen Production 4.3 Conclusion References 5. Nanomaterials for Electrolytic and Photolytic Hydrogen Production: Production Methods, Challenges, and Prospects 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Electrolytic Hydrogen Production 5.2.1 Nanomaterials for Electrolytic Hydrogen Production 5.2.1.1 Noble Metal Nano-electrocatalysts 5.2.1.2 Non-noble Metal Nano-electrocatalysts 5.2.1.3 Metal-free Nano-electrocatalysts 5.2.2 Challenges of Nanomaterial-based Electrolytic Processes for Renewable H2 Production 5.3 Photolytic Hydrogen Production 5.3.1 Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 5.3.2 Challenges of Nanomaterial-based Photocatalytic Processes for Renewable H2 Production 5.4 Conclusions References 6. Modeling and Optimization of Nanomaterials Production Processes 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Architectural/Structural Nanomaterials 6.2.1 Composite NMTs 6.2.2 Organic NMTs 6.2.3 Inorganic NMTs 6.2.4 Carbon-based NMTs 6.3 Carbon Nanotubes 6.3.1 Carbon Nanotube Production Modeling 6.3.1.1 Modeling of Ethanol to CNT 6.3.1.2 Kinetic-based Derivative Models Employed in CNT Production Modeling 6.3.1.3 Machine Learning Models Employed in CNT Production Modeling 6.3.1.4 Other Models Employed in CNT Production Modeling 6.3.1.5 Thermochemical Processes and Reactors Employed in CNT Production Modeling 6.3.2 Carbon Nanotube Production Optimization 6.4 Conclusion References 7. Machine Learning Applications for Nano-synthesized Materials Production and Utilization 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Machine Learning in Nanomaterials 7.2.1 Traditional ML Method in Nanomaterials Synthesis 7.2.1.1 Linear and Non-linear Regression 7.2.1.2 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) 7.2.1.3 Support Vector Machines (SVMs) 7.2.1.4 Decision Tree 7.2.2 Deep Learning Methods in Nanomaterial Synthesis 7.2.2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) 7.2.2.2 Deep Neural Networks (DNN) 7.2.2.3 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) 7.3 Challenges and Future Outlook 7.4 Conclusion References 8. Status and Progress of Nanomaterials Application in Hydrogen Storage 8.1 Introduction to Hydrogen Storage in Nanomaterials 8.2 Carbonaceous Nanomaterials 8.2.1 Activated Carbons 8.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 8.2.3 Graphite 8.2.4 Others 8.3 Metal and Complex Hydrides 8.3.1 Metal Hydrides 8.3.2 Complex Hydrides 8.3.3 Nanoconfined Complex Hydrides 8.4 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) 8.4.1 Cryogenic Hydrogen Storage with MOF 8.4.2 Working Capacity and Balanced Adsorption 8.4.3 MOFs for Hydrogen Storage at Ambient Temperature 8.4.4 Shaped MOFs for Hydrogen Storage 8.4.5 MOF Synthesis Procedures 8.4.6 Challenges in MOF Applications in Hydrogen Storage 8.5 Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) 8.5.1 Synthesis of COFs 8.5.2 Characterization and Simulation of COFs Nanomaterials 8.5.3 Hybridization of COFs and MOFs 8.5.4 Other Nanoporous Polymer-based Nanomaterials 8.6 Conclusion References 9. Analytical Methods, Modeling Approaches and Challenges of Nanomaterial-Based Hydrogen Storage 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Challenges Associated with Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage 9.2.1 Technical Challenges 9.2.2 Economic Challenges 9.2.3 Current State of Research 9.3 Overview of Advanced Characterization Techniques 9.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy 9.3.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy 9.3.3 X-ray Diffraction 9.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy 9.3.5 Atomic Force Microscopy 9.3.6 Thermal Analysis 9.4 Computational Modeling and Simulation of Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage 9.4.1 Density Functional Theory (DFT) 9.4.2 Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations 9.4.3 Monte Carlo (MC) Simulations 9.4.4 Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) 9.4.5 Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) 9.4.6 Machine Learning (ML) Approaches 9.5 Summary of Key Points 9.5.1 Future Directions for Research in Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage 9.5.2 Importance of Collaboration and Investment 9.5.3 Implications for a Sustainable and Equitable Energy Future 9.6 Conclusion References Index Hydrogen is poised to play a major role in the transition towards a net-zero economy. However, the worldwide implementation of hydrogen energy is restricted by several challenges, including those related to practical, easy, safe, and cost-effective storage and production methodologies. Nanomaterials present a promising solution, playing an integral role in overcoming the limitations of hydrogen production and storage. This book explores these innovations, covering a wide spectrum of applications of nanomaterials for sustainable hydrogen production and storage. Provides an overview of the hydrogen economy and its role in the transition to a net-zero economy. Details various nanomaterials for hydrogen production and storage as well as modeling and optimization of nanomaterials production. Features real-life case studies on innovations in nanomaterials applications for hydrogen storage. Discusses both the current status and future prospects. Aimed at researchers and professionals in chemical, materials, energy, environmental and related engineering disciplines, this work provides readers with an overview of the latest techniques and materials for the development and advancement of hydrogen energy technologies.