Nanochitosan-Based Enhancement of Fisheries and Aquaculture : Aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 14 – Life Below Water

Nanochitosan-Based Enhancement of Fisheries and Aquaculture: Aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 14 – Life Below Water is an indispensable guide for envisioning an ecologically balanced and prosperous future for aquatic resource management. The book explores the innovative application of nanochitosan in aquatic resource management, delineating the cutting-edge potentials of the novel biopolymer to reshape the landscape of fisheries and aquaculture and align with the ambitions of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 14: Life Below Water). The book focuses on sustainability and showcases nanochitosan's capacity to elevate water quality, bolster aquatic well-being, and revolutionize aquaculture disease control, breeding, detoxification, and feed quality. Through practical applications, interdisciplinary insights, and a strong emphasis on food safety and conservation, readers gain a multifaceted understanding of thefield's advancements, future potential, challenges, and requisite nanochitosan-based techniques. This work navigates complex scientific concepts clearly, catering to a diverse audience, including researchers, practitioners, and students. Preface Acknowledgments About the Book Contents About the Editors Introduction to Application of Nanochitosan in Aquaculture 1 The Significance of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2 Nutritional Value of Fish 2.1 Macronutrients in Fish 2.2 Micronutrients in Fish 2.2.1 Vitamins 2.2.2 Minerals 3 Health Benefits of Fish 3.1 Cardiovascular Health 3.2 Brain Health 4 Economic Importance of Fish 5 Challenges Faced by the Fisheries and Aquaculture Industry 5.1 Overfishing and Depleting Fish Stocks 5.2 Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing 5.3 Environmental Impact and Habitat Degradation 5.4 Climate Change and Ocean Acidification 5.5 Pollution 5.6 Disease and Parasites 5.7 Invasive Species 5.8 Genetics 5.9 Social and Economic Issues 5.10 Governance and Regulatory Issues 6 Nanochitosan and Its Relevance in Aquaculture 7 Purpose and Scope of the Book References Chitosan and Nanotechnology Fundamentals 1 Introduction 2 Sources of Chitosan 2.1 Chitosan Derived from Crustacean Shells 2.2 Chitosan Derived from Fungal Sources 3 Properties and Characteristics of Chitosan 3.1 Structure 3.2 Solubility 3.3 Amino Group and Reactivity 3.4 Antibacterial Property 3.5 Decomposition 4 Nanotechnology Basics: Nanoparticles, Nanomaterials and Nanostructured Materials 4.1 Nanoparticles 5 Nanoparticle Classification Based on the Nature of Particles 5.1 Organic Nanoparticles 5.2 Inorganic Nanoparticles 5.2.1 Metallic Nanoparticles 5.2.2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 5.3 Carbon Nanoparticles 6 Nanoparticle Classification Based on the Dimensionality 6.1 Two-Dimensional Nanoparticles 6.2 Three-Dimensional Nanoparticles 7 Nanomaterials 7.1 Zero-Dimensional Nanomaterials (0-D) 7.2 One-Dimensional Nanomaterials (1-D) 7.3 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials (2-D) 7.4 Three-Dimensional Nanomaterials (3-D) or Bulk Nanomaterials 8 Typical Synthesis Method of Nanomaterials 8.1 Top-Down Syntheses 8.2 Bottom-Up Approach 9 Nanostructured Systems 10 Nanotechnology in Aquaculture 10.1 Fish Packaging 10.2 Drug Delivery 10.3 Fish Vaccination 10.4 Pathogen Detection and Control 10.5 Water Treatment and Purification 10.6 Fish Quality Testing 10.7 Supplements and Nutraceuticals Delivery 10.8 Fish Breeding 11 Conclusion References Nanochitosan Synthesis, Optimization, and Characterization 1 Introduction 2 Methods of Nanochitosan Synthesis 2.1 Acid Hydrolysis 2.2 Ionic Gelation 2.3 Nanoprecipitation 2.4 Coacervation 2.5 Emulsion Cross-Linking 2.6 Supercritical Fluid Technology 2.7 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 2.8 Electrostatic Assembly 2.9 High-Pressure Homogenization 2.10 Hydrothermal Synthesis 3 Factors Affecting Nanochitosan Optimization 3.1 Chitosan Source and Characteristics 3.2 Degree of Deacetylation (DD) 3.3 Molecular Weight 3.4 Particle Size and Morphology 3.5 Preparation Method 3.6 Reaction Parameters 3.7 Stabilizers and Surfactants 3.8 Cross-Linking Agents 3.9 Post-Treatment Processes 3.10 Application-Specific Requirements 4 Experimental Design for Optimization 4.1 Factorial Design 4.2 Response Surface Methodology (RSM) 5 Characterization Techniques 5.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 5.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 5.3 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) 5.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 5.5 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 5.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy 5.7 Zeta Potential Measurement 5.8 UV-Visible Spectroscopy 5.9 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 5.10 Raman Spectroscopy 5.11 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 5.12 Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) Surface Area Analysis 6 Challenges and future prospects 6.1 Conclusion References Nanochitosan-Based Fish Disease Prevention and Control 1 Introduction 2 Mechanism of Chitosan in Disease Prevention and Treatment 3 Application of Nanochitosan in Controlling Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal Infections 3.1 Chitosan’s Role in the Control of Bacterial Infections 3.2 Chitosan’s Role in the Control of Viral Infections 3.3 Chitosan’s Role in the Control of Fungal Infections 4 Mechanisms of Action and Effectiveness against Common Aquatic Pathogens 4.1 Chitosan as an Antimicrobial Agent 4.2 Chitosan Alters Gene Expression in Aquatic Pathogens and Fungi 4.3 Chitosan as Gene Modulator 5 Chelation of Nutrients by Chitosan References Applications of Nanochitosan in Fish Disease Management 1 Introduction 2 Role of Nanochitosan in Disease Prevention and Treatment 2.1 Drug Delivery 2.2 Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration 2.3 Neurological and Ophthalmic Applications 2.4 Immunomodulation 2.5 Infectious Disease Management 2.5.1 The Mechanism Through Which Nanochitosan Acts Against Antimicrobial Agents 2.5.2 Application of Nanochitosan in Controlling Bacterial Infection 2.5.3 Application of Nanochitosan in Controlling Viral Infection 2.5.4 Application of Nanochitosan in Controlling Fungal Infection 3 Use of Nanochitosan in Aquaculture 3.1 Water Quality Management 3.2 Nutrient Delivery and Immune System Enhancement 3.3 Disease Control 4 Conclusion References Nanochitosan-Based Water-Quality Enhancement 1 Introduction to Nanochitosan in Water-Quality Enhancement 2 Nanochitosan’s Role in Water Purification 3 Mechanisms of Action in Water-Quality Enhancement 4 Nanochitosan’s High Surface Area and Adsorption Capacity 5 Complexation and Ion Exchange Processes 6 Applications of Nanochitosan in Water Treatment 6.1 Nanochiosan-Based Water Purification Techniques 6.1.1 Trace Metal Removal 6.1.2 Pathogen Control 6.1.3 Organic Compound Filtration 6.1.4 Nanocomposite Filters 6.2 Environmental Impact and Safety Considerations 6.2.1 Ecotoxicity and Biodegradability 6.2.2 Health and Safety Concerns 6.2.3 Regulatory Aspects and Guidelines 7 Future Prospects and Challenges 8 Conclusion References Nutrient and Drug Delivery Systems 1 Introduction 2 Enhanced Nutrient Absorption Using Nanochitosan-Based Formulations 3 Controlled Release Systems for Drug Delivery in Aquaculture 3.1 Chitosan Loading Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Inactivated Pathogens 3.2 Chemical Compounds and Metal Ions Loading 3.3 Fish Reproduction 4 Potential for Improving Growth Rates, Feed Efficiency and Health Management 4.1 Seafood Preservation, Edible Coating and Shelf Life 4.2 Feed Efficiency 4.3 Growth Rates 4.4 Health Management 4.4.1 Antibacterial Activity 4.4.2 Immunostimulatory Activity 5 Conclusion References Feed Enhancement and Nutrition 1 Introduction 2 Nanochitosan as a Feed Additive for Improved Fish Nutrition 3 Benefits in Enhancing Fish Growth, Immune Response and Stress Tolerance 4 Nanochitosan-Enhanced Feed for Fish Growth 5 Nanochitosan-Enhanced Feed for Immune Response 6 Nanochitosan-Enhanced Feed for Stress Tolerance 7 Formulation of Nanochitosan-Incorporated Feeds 7.1 Cost-to-Benefit Analysis and Scalability 7.2 Environmental Impact 7.3 Source and Quality 7.4 Target Organism 7.5 Nutritional Composition and Digestibility 7.6 Bioavailability 7.7 Required Concentrations and Chemical Stability 7.8 Particle Size and Incorporation 8 Conclusion References Fish Nanotagging and Barcoding 1 Introduction 2 Types of Tags and Tagging Methods 3 Tagging Techniques 4 Applications of Tagging in Fisheries 5 Challenges and Limitations 6 Application of Nanochitosan in Fish Tagging 7 Fish Barcoding 8 Future Directions and Innovations 8.1 Comparison of Nanotags with Other Fish Tagging Techniques 8.2 Aquacultural Fish Barcoding 9 Conclusion References Nanochitosan-Based Enhancement of Fish Breeding Programs 1 Introduction 2 Nanochitosan Applications in Fish Breeding 2.1 Nanochitosan-Based Improvement of Reproductive Health 2.2 Assisted Reproductive Techniques 2.3 Enhancing Larval Development 2.4 Nanochitosan Preparation Techniques for Fish Breeding 2.5 Administration and Benefits of Nanochitosan in Fish Breeding 2.6 Dosage and Administration Strategies 2.6.1 Dosage 2.6.2 Administration Strategies Incorporation in Feeding Immersion or Bath Treatment Injection 2.7 Monitoring and Assessment of Nanochitosan Effects on Breeding 3 Case Studies and Experimental Findings 4 Challenges and Future Directions 5 Conclusion References Application of Nanochitosan in Fish Detoxification/Nano-Based Depuration 1 Introduction 2 Conventional Fish Detoxification 3 Novelty of Nanochitosan-Based Detoxification 3.1 High Surface Area 3.2 Adsorption Capacity 3.3 Notable Biocompatibility 3.4 Reduction of Bioavailability 3.5 Controlled Release 3.6 Sustainability and Ecofriendliness 4 Future Perspectives 5 Conclusion References Economic and Social Implications of Nanochitosan 1 Introduction 2 Cost-Effectiveness of Nanochitosan in Aquaculture 3 Socioeconomic Impacts of Nanochitosan on Fisheries and Aquaculture 3.1 CSNP and CS as Feed Additives 3.2 Effect of CSNP and CS on the Growth Performance of Fish 3.3 Nanochitosan-Based Food Enhancement 3.4 Chitosan Utilization in Food Processing and Preservation 4 Economic Impacts of Nanochitosan-Based Food Enhancement 5 Social Impacts of Aquacultural Nanochitosan 6 Importance of Sustainable Practices 6.1 Environmental Impact Reduction 6.2 Nanochitosan Use for Resource Efficiency 7 Cost-Effectiveness of Nanochitosan in Various Industries 8 Ethical Implications of Unregulated Use 9 Conclusion References Prospects and Challenges of Nanochitosan Application in Aquaculture 1 Introduction 2 Potential Advancements and Innovative Applications of Nanochitosan in Fishery and Aquaculture Systems 2.1 Biomedical Applications of Nanochitosan 2.2 Application of Nanochitosan in Environmental Remediation 2.3 Application of Nanochitosan in Food Processing 2.4 Application of Nanochitosan to Boost and Monitor Aquatic Health 2.5 Application of Nanochitosan for Pesticides 2.6 Application of Nanochitosan in Material Science 2.7 Application of Nanochitosan in Biocatalysis 3 Challenges in Scalability, Cost-Effectiveness, and Regulatory Considerations 3.1 Challenges of Nanochitosan Scalability 3.2 Cost-Effectiveness of Nanochitosan 3.3 Regulatory Considerations for Nanochitosan 4 Addressing Challenges in Scalability, Cost-Effectiveness, and Regulatory Considerations 5 Challenges and Future Directions References Real-World Application of Nanochitosan in Refinery-Produced Water Treatment: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Synthesis of Chitosan 3.1 Demineralization Process 3.2 Deproteinization 3.3 Decolorization 3.4 Deacetylation Process 4 Characterization Techniques 4.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 4.2 X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) 4.3 Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 4.4 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) 4.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy 4.6 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) 4.7 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometers (XRF) 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Study on Surface Morphology of Chitosan Using SEM 5.2 Elemental Composition Analysis of Chitosan Using SEM EDX 5.3 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Chitosan 5.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Chitosan 5.5 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) 5.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 5.7 X-Ray Fluorescence 5.8 Application of Chitosan in Refinery Wastewater Treatment 6 Conclusion References Index