Nanochemistry : from theory to application for in-depth understanding of nanomaterials / edited by Xuan Wang, Sajid Bashir, Jingbo Liu

The modernization of science and technology using nanomaterials will open a new paradigm to meet the increasing energy demand. This book provides an in-depth understanding of theoretical perspectives from molecular and atomic levels. The modern analytical techniques explored provide an understanding of the interactions of particles at interfaces. This book gives a holistic view of materials synthesis, analysis, application, and safe handling. * Covers the core concepts of nanomaterials. * Discusses both top-down and bottom-up synthetic methods. * Delves into various state-of-the-art analytical techniques. * Discusses applications in energy and fuels * Covers nanomaterials safety. Cover Half Title Also of interest Nanochemistry: From Theory to Application for In-Depth Understanding of Nanomaterials Copyright Contents Common abbreviations Preface Introduction Usage of nanomaterials in environmental applications Green synthesis of nanomaterials Noble metal nanomaterials Rare-earth-containing perovskite nanomaterials 1D nanomaterials: applications in sodium-ion batteries References Section 1: Overview of nanoscience and nanochemistry 1. Nanochemistry: development of nanomaterials 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Bottom-up synthesis of nanomaterials 1.2.1 Sol–gel method 1.2.2 Microemulsion synthesis 1.2.3 Hydrosolvothermal synthesis 1.2.4 Chemical vapor deposition 1.3 Top-down synthesis of nanomaterials 1.3.1 Physical top-down approach 1.3.2 Chemical top-down synthesis 1.4 Properties of nanomaterials 1.4.1 Chemical properties 1.4.2 Magnetic properties 1.4.3 Electro-optical properties 1.4.4 Thermal properties 1.5 Applications of nanomaterials 1.5.1 Nanomaterials used for plastic waste conversion 1.5.2 Nanomaterial-based synergistic combination cancer immunotherapy 1.5.3 Nanomaterial used to revolutionize eye care 1.5.4 Nanoparticles used to treat traumatic injuries 1.5.5 Nanomaterials used for shale gas storage 1.6 Summary References Section 2: Focus on synthesis methods 2A. Wet-chemistry-derived nanomaterials and their multidisciplinary applications 2A.1 Bottom-up synthesis 2A.2 Colloidal synthesis 2A.2.1 Colloidal stabilization 2A.2.2 Kinetic modeling 2A.2.2 Macropolymer templation 2A.3 Water remediation 2A.3.1 Photocatalysis in water remediation 2A.3.2 Heavy metal absorption 2A.3.3 Bioinspired remediation: a practical approach 2A.4 Biological and forensic application 2A.4.1 Cancer theranostics 2A.4.2 Fingerprint development 2A.5 Summary References 2B. Bottom-up synthesis of nanomaterials 2B.1 Vapor-phase deposition 2B.1.1 Physical vapor deposition 2B.1.2 Chemical vapor deposition 2B.1.3 Atomic layer deposition 2B.2 Microemulsion methods–coprecipitation method 2B.3 Sol–gel methods 2B.3.1 Hydrolysis 2B.3.2 Condensation 2B.3.3 Gelation 2B.4 Hydrothermal and solvothermal methods 2B.5 Summary and outlook References 2C. Green pathways to synthesize nanomaterials 2C.1 Introduction 2C.2 Properties and importance of nanomaterials 2C.3 Renewable energy and nanotechnology 2C.4 Green methods of synthesis 2C.4.1 Physical and chemical methods 2C.4.2 Biological methods 2C.5 Advantages and disadvantages of green methods References 2D. Synthesis and stabilization of metallic nanoparticles 2D.1 Introduction 2D.2 Synthesis and stabilization of transition metal nanoparticles 2D.2.1 Synthesis and stabilization of palladium nanoparticles 2D.2.2 Synthesis and stabilization of gold and silver nanoparticles 2D.2.3 Synthesis and stabilization of copper nanoparticles 2D.2.4 Synthesis and stabilization of cobalt nanoparticles 2D.2.5 Synthesis and stabilization of platinum nanoparticles 2D.2.6 Synthesis of other important metal nanoparticles 2D.3 Conclusion References Section 3: Focus on characterization methods 3A. Advances in understanding electrochemical reaction mechanisms of highly dispersed metal sites using X-ray absorption spectroscopy 3A.1 Introduction 3A.2 X-ray absorption spectroscopy 3A.2.1 XANES basics 3A.2.2 EXAFS basics 3A.3 XAS experiment and data analysis 3A.3.1 XAS measurements in transmission and fluorescence modes 3A.3.2 In situ/operando XAS setup for electrochemical studies 3A.3.3 Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of XANES spectra 3A.3.4 Qualitative analysis of EXAFS data 3A.4 Applications of XAS in electrocatalytic reactions over HDMSs 3A.4.1 Atomically dispersed metal catalysts 3A.4.2 Subnanometric clusters 3A.5 Conclusion References 3B. In situ spectroscopic studies of the electrochemistry 3B.1 Introduction 3B.1.1 A brief history of electrochemistry 3B.1.2 The development of in situ spectroscopic electrochemistry 3B.1.3 The classification of the in situ spectroscopic electrochemistry 3B.1.4 The resolution of the in situ spectroscopic electrochemistry 3B.1.5 The quantum chemical calculations of the in situ spectroscopic electrochemistry 3B.1.6 Outlook 3B.2 Electrochemical Raman spectroscopy 3B.2.1 Fundamentals of Raman spectroscopy 3B.2.2 Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology 3B.2.3 Comparison of SERS and surface infrared spectroscopy technology 3B.2.4 Electrochemical-SERS (EC-SERS) experiment 3B.2.5 Application of Raman spectroscopy in electrochemistry 3B.2.6 Development prospects of EC-Raman 3B.3 Electrochemical attenuation total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) 3B.3.1 Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) effect 3.B.3.2 Electrochemical cells and optical arrangements of ART-SEIRAS 3.B.3.3 Application of electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS 3B.3.4 Summary 3B.4 Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) 3B.4.1 Basic principles of STM 3B.4.2 Application of ECSTM in aqueous solution 3B.4.3 Application of EC-STM in ionic liquids 3B.4.4 Summary 3B.5 Electrochemical mass spectrometry 3B.5.1 Fundamentals of mass spectrometry technology 3B.5.2 Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) 3B.5.3 Applications of differential electrochemical mass spectrometry 3B.5.4 Real-time technology of electrochemical infrared and mass spectrometry 3B.5.5 Summary and outlook References 3C. Integrated X-ray scattering and molecular scale simulation approaches to probe the behavior of confined fluids for a sustainable energy future 3C.1 Introduction 3C.2 Methods 3C.2.1 Experimental approaches to probe the organization of confined fluids 3C.2.2 Molecular dynamic simulations 3C.3 Case studies of confined fluids 3C.3.1 Structure of confined fluids 3C.3.2 Dynamics of confined fluids 3C.3.3 Phase transitions of confined fluids 3C.4 Conclusions References Section 4: Focus on select example applications of nanoscience in energy, environment, and health 4A. Electrocatalytic hydrogen production 4A.1 Hydrogen energy and development 4A.2 Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction 4A.3 Advanced materials in hydrogen production 4A.3.1 Noble-metal-based electrocatalyst 4A.3.2 Transition-metal-based electrocatalyst 4A.3.3 Metal-free electrocatalyst 4A.4 Hydrogen storage 4A.4.1 Compression storage 4A.4.2 Liquid storage 4A.4.3 Chemical storage 4A.4.4 Physical storage 4A.5 Summary References 4B. Nanostructured materials for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction 4B.1 Introduction 4B.2 Fundamentals of hydrogen evolution reaction 4B.2.1 Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction 4B.2.2 Factors determining the electrocatalytic HER activity 4B.3 Nanomaterial-based catalysts for electrocatalytic HER 4B.3.1 Metals 4B.3.2 Transition metal oxides (TMOs) 4B.3.3 Metal chalcogenides 4B.3.4 Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) 4B.3.5 Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) 4B.3.6 Other metal compounds 4B.3.7 Metal-free materials 4B.4 Conclusion References 4C. Recent progress in cobalt-based nanosheets for electrochemical water oxidation 4C.1 Introduction 4C.2 OER mechanism under alkaline conditions 4C.3 Morphological modulation 4C.3.1 Co-based oxide nanosheets 4C.3.2 Co-based boride nanosheets 4C.3.3 Co-based nitride nanosheets 4C.3.4 Co-based phosphide nanosheets 4C.3.5 Co-based sulfide nanosheets 4C.4 Catalyst design for high-output OER References 4D. Nanoapplication: carbon capture and conversions 4D.1 Carbon capture 4D.1.1 Nanomaterial and CO2 4D.1.2 Activated carbon 4D.1.3 Zeolites 4D.1.4 MOF series 4D.1.5 Porous organic polymer (POP) 4D.2 Transformation of CO2 to fine chemicals 4D.2.1 Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 4D.2.2 Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 4D.3 Conclusion and outlook References Postface: social impact, consequences, and results of nanotechnology What we learned from COVID-19 Future growth of technology’s impact on self-service Technology, capitalism, and the future of working conditions Alternative sources of fuel and the insatiable demand for energy Making fuel from waste Conclusion References Biography of the editors Special assistants to the editors Biography of the authors Author list Index