Nación Ǵenízara : ethnogenesis, place, and identity in New Mexico

Nación Genízara examines the history, cultural evolution, and survival of the Genízaro people. The contributors to this volume cover topics including ethnogenesis, slavery, settlements, poetics, religion, gender, family history, and mestizo genetics. Fray Angélico Chávez defined Genízaro as the ethnic term given to indigenous people of mixed tribal origins living among the Hispano population in Spanish fashion. They entered colonial society as captives taken during wars with Utes, Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, Navajos, and Pawnees. Genízaros comprised a third of the population by 1800. Many assimilated into Hispano and Pueblo society, but others in the land-grant communities maintained their identity through ritual, self-government, and kinship. Today the persistence of Genízaro identity blurs the lines of distinction between Native and Hispanic frameworks of race and cultural affiliation. This is the first study to focus exclusively on the detribalized Native experience of the Genízaro in New Mexico. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Page 4 Title Page 6 Copyright 7 Table of Contents 10 List of Illustrations 12 Foreword by Estevan Rael-Gálvez 16 Estrellita Reluciente del Pueblo de Abiquiú: Coplas de Entrada / Little Shining Star of the Pueblo of Abiquiú: Verses of Entry by David F. García 26 Acknowledgments 28 Abbreviations 30 Introduction: Nación Genízara Ethnogenesis, Place, and Identity in New Mexico by Enrique R. Lamadrid and Moises Gonzales 32 Chapter 1. Visualizing Genízaro Cultural Memory and Ritual Celebration by Miguel A. Gandert 50 Chapter 2. Mexican Indians and Genízaros Soldier-Farmer Allies in the Defense and Agricultural Development of New Mexico by Tomás Martínez Saldaña, Enrique R. Lamadrid, and José A. Rivera 58 Chapter 3. Genízaros and Cultural Systems of Slavery in the Hispanic Southwest by William S. Kiser 78 Chapter 4. Genízara Self-Advocacy in Eighteenth-Century New Mexico by Cristina Durán 94 Chapter 5. The Genízaro Origins of the Hermanos Penitentes by Ramón A. Gutiérrez 111 Chapter 6. The Colonial Genízaro Mission Pueblo of Belén by Samuel E. Sisneros 149 Chapter 7. Genízaro Ethnogenesis and the Archaeological Record by Charles M. Carrillo 196 Chapter 8. Survival of Captivity: Hybrid Identities, Gender, and Culture in Territorial Colorado by Virginia Sánchez 204 Chapter 9. Genízaro Settlements of the Sierra Sandía: Resilience and Identity in the Land Grants of San Miguel del Cañón de Carnué and San Antonio de las Huertas by Moises Gonzales 256 Chapter 10. Huellas de Sangre, Amor, y Lágrimas: Rescatando a Mis Cautivas / Trails of Blood, Love, and Tears: Rescuing My Captives by Susan M. Gandert 281 Chapter 11. Genízaro Salvation: The Poetics of G. Benito Córdova’s Genízaro Nation by Michael L. Trujillo 292 Chapter 12. Sangre de Indio que Corre en Mis Venas: Nativo Poetics and Nuevomexicano Identity by Levi Romero 319 Chapter 13. Genízaro Identity and DNA: The Helix of Our Native American Genetic History by Miguel A. Tórrez 336 Chapter 14. Epilogue: Persistence and Resistance in Genízaro Identity by Teresa Córdova 357 Index 376 Winner of the 2021 Heritage Publication Award from the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division Nacin Genzara examines the history, cultural evolution, and survival of the Genzaro people. The contributors to this volume cover topics including ethnogenesis, slavery, settlements, poetics, religion, gender, family history, and mestizo genetics. Fray Anglico Chvez defined Genzaro as the ethnic term given to indigenous people of mixed tribal origins living among the Hispano population in Spanish fashion. They entered colonial society as captives taken during wars with Utes, Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, Navajos, and Pawnees. Genzaros comprised a third of the population by 1800. Many assimilated into Hispano and Pueblo society, but others in the land-grant communities maintained their identity through ritual, self-government, and kinship. Today the persistence of Genzaro identity blurs the lines of distinction between Native and Hispanic frameworks of race and cultural affiliation. This is the first study to focus exclusively on the detribalized Native experience of the Genzaro in New Mexico. "Nación Genízara examines the history, cultural evolution, and survival of the Genízaro people. The contributors to this volume cover topics including ethnogenesis, slavery, settlements, poetics, religion, gender, family history, and mestizo genetics. Fray Angélico Chávez defined Genízaro as the ethnic term given to indigenous people of mixed tribal origins living among the Hispano population in Spanish fashion. They entered colonial society as captives taken during wars with Utes, Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, Navajos, and Pawnees. Genízaros comprised a third of the population by 1800. Many assimilated into Hispano and Pueblo society, but others in the land-grant communities maintained their identity through ritual, self-government, and kinship. Today the persistence of Genízaro identity blurs the lines of distinction between Native and Hispanic frameworks of race and cultural affiliation. This is the first study to focus exclusively on the detribalized Native experience of the Genízaro in New Mexico."-- Provided by publisher Examines the history, cultural evolution, and survival of the Genizaro people. Contributors cover topics including ethnogenesis, slavery, settlements, poetics, religion, gender, family history, and mestizo genetics.