Myocarditis (2022 Oct 20 New England Journal of Medicine) 10.1056/NEJMra2114478

10.1056/NEJMra2114478 According to the 1995 World Health Organization task force on cardiomyopathies, myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocar- dium that is diagnosed on the basis of established histologic, immuno- logic, and immunohistochemical criteria.1 Since the introduction of the Dallas criteria in 1987,2 endomyocardial biopsy has been considered the standard method of diagnosis.3-7 Over the past two decades, however, the diagnostic workup has changed with the introduction of new tools, mainly highly sensitive troponin and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)8,9; in routine clinical practice, a com- bination of symptoms and signs, laboratory testing, and imaging studies is often sufficient to establish the diagnosis. The definition and diagnosis of myocarditis vary widely. For myocarditis associ- ated with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) or with Covid-19 vaccination, the diagnostic criteria have been adapted from those established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Brighton Collaboration.10,11