Musculoskeletal Imaging: The Requisites (Expert Consult- Online and Print), 4e (Requisites in Radiology)

Musculoskeletal Imaging: The Requisites, 4th Edition delivers the conceptual, factual, and interpretive information you need for effective clinical practice in musculoskeletal imaging, as well as for certification and recertification review. Master core knowledge the easy and affordable way with clear, concise text enhanced by at-a-glance illustrations, boxes, and tables - all completely rewritten to bring you up to date. • Find key information easily with numerous outlines, tables, "pearls," and boxed material for easy reading and reference. • Access the fully searchable text and downloadable images online at www.expertconsult.com. • Get the best results from today's most technologically advanced approaches , including new uses of MR and ultrasound for early diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory arthritis. • Prepare for the written board exam and for clinical practice with critical information on femoroacetabular impingement, arthrography, hip replacement, cartilage tumors, bone marrow imaging (including focal and diffuse replacement), and sports medicine (including athletic pubalgia/sports hernia). • Stay up to date on soft tissue tumors with significantly expanded content, illustrated tumor-specific findings, and new AJCC staging and diagnostic information. • Clearly visualize the findings you're likely to see in practice and on exams with 300 new MRI, CT, ultrasound, and x-ray images throughout. Cover Frontmatter Copyright Dedication Preface Part I Trauma 1 - Introduction to Imaging of Musculoskeletal Injury: Bones Basic Bone Anatomy Bone Biomechanics Fracture Description Terminology Open Versus Closed Fracture Complete Versus Incomplete Fractures Fracture Location, Position, and Alignment Stress Fractures Fracture Reduction and Healing Complications of Fractures and Fracture Healing 2 - Introduction to Imaging of Musculoskeletal Injury: Joints and Soft Tissues Joint and Ligament Basics Tendon Basics Muscle Basics Articular Cartilage Basics Nerve Basics Foreign Body Imaging 3 - Special Considerations in ­Imaging of Musculoskeletal Injury in Children Childhood Fractures Osteochondritis Dissecans Child Abuse Part II Upper Extremity and Spine 4 - Shoulder 1: Anatomy and Fractures Imaging Techniques Anatomy Clavicle Proximal Humerus and Humeral Shaft Scapula Sternoclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular Joint Glenohumeral Joint Coracoacromial Arch Quadrilateral Space 5 - Shoulder 2: Soft Tissues Rotator Cuff Impingement Rotator Cuff Degeneration and Tear Subscapularis and Biceps Long Head Tendon Pathology Clinical Mimickers of Rotator Cuff Pathology Glenohumeral Dislocation, Instability, and Labral Tears Dislocation Shoulder Instability Labral Tears Postoperative Shoulder Miscellaneous Shoulder Conditions 6 - Elbow Imaging Techniques Elbow Anatomy Elbow Fractures in Children Elbow Fractures in Adults Elbow Ligaments and Tendons Miscellaneous Elbow Injuries Forearm 7 - Wrist Imaging Techniques Distal Forearm and Distal Radioulnar Joint Distal Forearm Fractures Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Radiocarpal Joint Carpal Bones Carpal Bone Fractures and Dislocations Carpal Instability Miscellaneous Carpal Conditions 8 - Hand 9 - Spine Trauma Spine Trauma Basics Cervical Spine Cervical Spine Normal Variants Cervical Spine Fractures Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures Part III Lower Extremity 10 - Pelvis Anatomy Sacral Fractures Pelvic Fractures: Biomechanical Classification Pelvic Fractures: Pelvic Ring Classification Class I and Class II Fractures Class III Fractures Acetabular Fractures Stress Injuries 11 - Hip and Femur Anatomy Dislocation Femoral Neck Fractures Intertrochanteric Fractures Avulsion Fracture of the Lesser Trochanter Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Femoral Shaft Fracture Stress Fractures of the Femur Snapping Hip Femoroacetabular Impingement Additional Soft-Tissue Conditions Athletic Pubalgia 12 - Knee 1: Fractures and Dislocations Radiographic Anatomy Intercondylar Fractures Tibial Plateau Fractures Patellar Fractures Patellar Dislocation Avulsion Injuries Physeal Injury Stress Fracture Knee Dislocation 13 - Knee 2: Soft Tissues Meniscal Tears Cruciate Ligament Injury Collateral Ligament Injury Additional Tendon and Bursal Conditions Hyaline Cartilage Injury and Miscellaneous Knee Conditions 14 - Ankle Anatomy Trauma Patterns Tendon Injury Ligament Injury Ankle Impingement Syndromes Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome 15 - Foot Anatomy Calcaneus Fracture Talus Fracture Navicular Bone Fracture Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation Forefoot Fractures Soft-Tissue Injury Part IV Arthritis 16 - Introduction to Arthritis Radiographic Assessment of Arthritis: an Integrated Approach Radiographic Assessment of Arthritis: The Abcde’s Alignment Bone Cartilage Distribution Erosions Soft Tissues Advanced Imaging of Arthritis 17 - Rheumatoid Arthritis and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Hand and Wrist Elbow Shoulder Girdle Feet Knee Hip Spine Robust Rheumatoid Arthritis Adult Still Disease Differential Diagnosis Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 18 - Productive Arthritis Osteoarthritis Hand and Wrist Shoulder Hip Knee Spine Neuropathic (Charcot) Arthropathy Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (Forestier Disease) 19 - Mixed Productive and Erosive Arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis and Spondylitis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Psoriatic Arthritis Reactive Arthritis Erosive Osteoarthritis SAPHO Syndrome 20 - Connective Tissue Disorders Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis) Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis 21 - Arthritis Caused by Biochemical Disorders and Depositional Disease Gout Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (Pyrophosphate Arthropathy) Hemochromatosis Arthropathy Wilson Disease Calcium Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease Alcaptonuria (Ochronosis) Amyloidosis 22 - Avascular Necrosis Etiology and Demographics Imaging Treatment of Adult Avascular Necrosis Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease Avascular Necrosis Mimics 23 - Miscellaneous Joint Disorders Synovial Chondromatosis Blount Disease Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Lead Arthropathy Acromegaly 24 - Arthroplasty: Radiographic Findings Part V Metabolic Bone Disease 25 - Disorders of Calcium Homeostasis Hyperparathyroidism Osteomalacia Rickets Renal Osteodystrophy 26 - Miscellaneous Metabolic Bone Diseases Fluorosis, Hypervitaminosis A, and Hypervitaminosis D Heavy Metal Poisoning Scurvy Hypothyroidism Hypoparathyroidism and Related Conditions 27 - Osteoporosis Generalized Osteoporosis Regional Osteoporosis 28 - Paget Disease Part V Sources and Suggested Readings Part VI Tumors 29 - Introduction to Musculoskeletal Tumor Imaging Discriminators Imaging Techniques Radionuclide Studies Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ultrasonography 30 - Bone-Forming Tumors: Benign Osteoma Enostosis (Bone Island) Osteoid Osteoma Osteoblastoma Osteofibrous Dysplasia (Ossifying Fibroma) 31 - Bone-Forming Tumors: Malignant (Osteosarcoma) High-Grade Intramedullary (Conventional) Osteosarcoma Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma Parosteal Osteosarcoma Periosteal Osteosarcoma High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma Low-Grade Intraosseous Osteosarcoma Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma Osteosarcomatosis (Multicentric Osteosarcoma) Osteosarcoma in the Older Age Group 32 - Cartilage-Forming Tumors Enchondroma Multiple Enchondromatosis (Ollier Disease and Maffucci Syndrome) Exostosis (Osteochondroma, Osteochondral Exostosis) Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromas Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica (Trevor Disease) Periosteal (Juxtacortical) Chondroma Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid Fibroma Chondrosarcoma Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma 33 - Fibrous Tumors and Tumorlike Conditions Fibrous Tumorlike Conditions Fibrous Dysplasia Nonossifying Fibroma/Benign Fibrous Cortical Defect (Fibroxanthoma) Liposclerosing Myxofibrous Tumor (Polymorphic Fibroosseous Lesion of Bone) Fibroblastic Tumors Superficial Fibromatoses Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis (Aggressive Fibromatosis) Desmoplastic Fibroma Infantile Fibrosarcoma Fibrosarcoma Fibrohistiocytic Tumors Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans 34 - Fatty and Vascular Tumors Fatty Tumors Intraosseous Lipoma Parosteal Lipoma Soft-Tissue Lipoma Atypical Lipomatous Tumor Liposarcoma Lipoma Arborescens Vascular Tumors Hemangioma Vascular Lesions Intermediate or Indeterminate for Malignancy Angiosarcoma Glomus Tumor 35 - Marrow Tumors and Metastatic Disease of Bone Ewing Sarcoma Primary Lymphoma of Bone Hodgkin Disease Multiple Myeloma Metastatic Disease of Bone 36 - Neural and Synovial Tumors Tumors Associated with Peripheral Nerves Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Morton Neuroma Neural Fibrolipoma (Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma) Synovial Tumors Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath Synovial Cell Sarcoma 37 - Miscellaneous Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Simple Bone Cyst (Unicameral or Solitary Bone Cyst) Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Brown Tumor of Hyperparathyroidism Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic Ossification Chordoma Adamantinoma Ganglion Cyst Intramuscular Myxoma 38 - Musculoskeletal Tumor Staging, Biopsy, and Follow-Up Surgical Staging of Solitary Bone Tumors and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas Suggested Algorithms for Musculoskeletal Tumor WorkUp Tumor Biopsy Restaging and Assessing Tumor Response to Preoperative Therapy Surgical Treatment Options Tumor Follow-Up Conclusion Part VI Sources and Suggested Readings Part VII Marrow, Infection, and Hematologic Imaging 39 - Bone Marrow Bone Marrow Imaging Myelofibrosis Gaucher Disease 40 - Musculoskeletal Infection Soft-Tissue Infection Osteomyelitis Septic Arthritis AIDS Sarcoidosis 41 - Hematologic Disorders Hemophilia Thalassemia Sickle Cell Anemia Mastocytosis Leukemia Part VII Sources and Suggested Readings Part VIII Congenital and Developmental Conditions 42 - Introduction to Congenital and Developmental Skeletal Conditions 43 - Spine Disorders Scoliosis Juvenile Kyphosis and Scheuermann Disease Spondylolysis Transitional Segmentation and Klippel-Feil Syndrome Caudal Regression Syndrome 44 - Congenital and Developmental Hip Disorders Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Imaging of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Radiography Ultrasonography Arthrography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Computed Tomography Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga Primary Protrusio of the Acetabulum (Otto Pelvis) 45 - Common Congenital Foot Deformities and Tarsal ­Coalitions Common Congenital Foot Deformities Tarsal Coalition 46 - Skeletal Dysplasias Cleidocranial Dysplasia Osteogenesis Imperfecta Sclerosing Bone Dysplasias Dwarfism Achondroplasia and Clinical Mimickers Dwarfisms That Are Uniformly Fatal at Birth Dwarfisms With Short Ribs as a Main Finding Dwarfism With Stippled Epiphyses as a Main Finding Miscellaneous Other Dwarfisms Other Skeletal Dysplasias with Short Stature Mucopolysaccharidoses and Other Storage Diseases 47 - Miscellaneous Congenital and Developmental Conditions Connective Tissue Disorders Neurofibromatosis Chromosomal Abnormalities Radial Dysplasias Symphalangism Amniotic Band Syndrome Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita Gigantism and Hypoplasia Fibromatosis Colli Torsion of the Femur and Tibia Osteo-onychodysplasia Part VIII Sources and Suggested Readings Part IX Techniques 48 - Arthrography General Approach Needle Placement Shoulder Injection Elbow Injection Option 1: Posterolateral Approach (Preferred) Option 2: Lateral “Straight-Down” Approach Wrist, Radiocarpal Joint Injection Wrist, Midcarpal Joint Injection Wrist, Distal Radioulnar Joint Injection Hip Injection Knee Injection Ankle (Tibiotalar) Injection 49 - Bone Biopsy Guiding Principles—All Tumors Biopsy of Known or Suspected Primary Sarcoma Biopsy of Metastases Bone Tumor Biopsy Soft-Tissue Biopsy Site-Specific Hints Needles Imaging Guidance 50 - Ultrasonography of the Infant Hip: Technique Generalizations Landmarks Images Part IX Sources and Suggested Readings Fractures with Eponyms