Muscle Biology : The Life History of a Muscle

__Muscle Biology: The Life History of a Muscle__ tells the story of a muscle, from its embryonic origins to its condition at the end of life. This book uses the leg muscle, a tightly knitted group, the quadriceps femoris, which consists of four individual muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius) to provide an in-depth look at skeletal muscle biology. It covers the development of the muscle, muscle pathology, changes in the muscle from training and muscle regeneration. __Muscle Biology: The Life History of a Muscle__ conveys basic specific information about the various aspects of a muscle’s existence and educates readers to the fact that muscle can be viewed as a continuum of developmental events so that readers get a broad review of the essential ways that muscles adapt to their environment over the course of a lifetime. The book discusses both normal and abnormal changes in the muscle, the mechanisms behind those changes and how to mitigate deleterious changes from disease, ‘normal” aging, and disuse/lack of physical activity. This is a must-have reference for students, researchers and practitioners in need of a comprehensive overview of muscle biology. Front Cover MUSCLE BIOLOGY Muscle Biology Copyright Contents Sources of borrowed figures Preface Introduction 1 - Mature skeletal muscle—An overview The many structural dimensions of muscle The neuromuscular junction Muscle fiber contraction Contractile properties of single muscle fibers and muscle fiber types Motor units The sensory apparatus of a muscle Contraction of an entire muscle The role of internal architecture in muscle function The role of connective tissue in whole muscle contraction Tendons and their connection to muscle and bone The myotendinous junction The enthesis—the connection between tendon and bone Muscle contractions and whole-body movements References 2 - Embryonic origins of skeletal muscle Origins and cellular migrations Morphogenesis of a muscle Myogenesis References 3 - Normal muscle growth Prenatal muscle fiber formation Development of muscle fiber types Satellite cells and postnatal muscle growth Myostatin and the control of muscle growth The intrauterine and early postnatal growth environment for muscle Metabolic pathways that foster growth Systemic factors influencing intrauterine and early postnatal growth Factors influencing intrauterine muscle growth Factors influencing postnatal muscle growth References 4 - Muscle adaptation to increased use Muscle adaptations to increased load (strength training) or increased duration of use (endurance training) Adaptations to increased load (hypertrophy) Adaptations to increased duration of use (endurance exercise) Reversal of training gains Adaptation to changes in length References 5 - Muscle adaptation to decreased use Conditions leading to muscle atrophy Denervation Conditions leading to atrophy of innervated muscles The metabolic and molecular basis of muscular atrophy UPP pathway Calpains and caspases Autophagy Noncoding RNAs References 6 - Muscle injury and regeneration The epimorphic regeneration of skeletal muscle The tissue regeneration of skeletal muscle Types of muscle damage leading to regeneration The role of muscle fiber damage and inflammation in muscle regeneration Activation of satellite cells Regenerative myogenesis Gross morphogenesis and internal architecture Functional maturation Regeneration of muscle spindles References 7 - Muscle disorders Disorders of muscle fibers Disorders of the neuromuscular junction Disorders of the sarcolemma and endomysium Other disorders of the muscle fiber Other disorders affecting muscles Metabolic myopathies Inflammatory myopathies Toxic myopathies Fibrosis References 8 - The aging of muscle Broad measures of aging effects on skeletal muscle The structural basis for muscle loss during aging Performance measures of aging muscle Neuromuscular interactions in aging muscle Sarcopenia Satellite cells and muscle regeneration in old age Intrinsic age-related changes in satellite cells and their progeny Environmental influences on satellite cell aging Effects of exercise in old age References Glossary Index A B C D E F G H I L M N P Q R S T U V W Z Back Cover Muscle Biology: The Life History of a Muscle looks at the story of a muscle from its embryonic beginnings, through its growth and ability to adapt to changing functional circumstances during adult life, to its eventual decline in both structure and function as old age progresses. Injury occurs to muscle during normal activity, after trauma, and during the source of certain diseases. Chapters on both muscle regeneration and muscle diseases emphasize the possibilities and limitsations of the healing capacity of muscle fibers. Muscle Biology begins with a brief review about the structure and function of a normal mature muscle and then proceeds to follow the developmental history of a muscle from the embryo to old age in a manner that gives the reader a perspective about not only developmental controls but also how at any stage of development a muscle is able to adapt to its functional environment. The book discusses both normal and abnormal changes in the muscle, the mechanisms behind those changes and how to mitigate deleterious changes from disease,'normal'aging, and disuse/lack of physical activity. This is a must-have reference for students, researchers and practitioners in need of a comprehensive overview of muscle biology. Provides an overview of muscle biology over the course of one's entire lifespan Explains the important elements of each aspect of muscle biology without drowning the reader in excessive detail Contains over 300 illustrations and includes chapter summaries Muscle Biology: The Life History Of A Muscle Tells The Story Of A Muscle, From Its Embryonic Origins To Its Condition At The End Of Life. This Book Uses The Leg Muscle, A Tightly Knitted Group, The Quadriceps Femoris, Which Consists Of Four Individual Muscles (rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis And Vastus Intermedius) To Provide An In-depth Look At Skeletal Muscle Biology. It Covers The Development Of The Muscle, Muscle Pathology, Changes In The Muscle From Training And Muscle Regeneration. Muscle Biology: The Life History Of A Muscle Conveys Basic Specific Information About The Various Aspects Of A Muscle's Existence And Educates Readers To The Fact That Muscle Can Be Viewed As A Continuum Of Developmental Events So That Readers Get A Broad Review Of The Essential Ways That Muscles Adapt To Their Environment Over The Course Of A Lifetime. The Book Discusses Both Normal And Abnormal Changes In The Muscle, The Mechanisms Behind Those Changes And How To Mitigate Deleterious Changes From Disease, 'normal” Aging, And Disuse/lack Of Physical Activity. This Is A Must-have Reference For Students, Researchers And Practitioners In Need Of A Comprehensive Overview Of Muscle Biology. Provides An Overview Of Muscle Biology Over The Course Of One's Entire Lifespan Explains The Important Elements Of Each Aspect Of Muscle Biology Without Drowning The Reader In Excessive Detail Contains Over 300 Illustrations And Includes Chapter Summaries