Multiple stressors : a challenge for the future : [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Multipollution Exposure and Risk Assessment--a Challenge for the Future : Minsk, Belarus, 1-5 October 2006

Ecotoxiclogical risk from multiple stressors covers any situation where org- isms are exposed to a combination of environmental stressors. These include physical and chemical pollutants as well as other stressors such as parasites and environmental impact (e. g. , climate change or habitat loss). The combi- tion of stressors can result in increased risk to organisms (either additive or synergistic effects) or decreased effects (protective or antagonistic effects). The multiple stressor challenge is an international, multi-disciplinary problem requiring an international, multi-disciplinary approach. The c- rent approach to multiple stressors is to examine one stressor at a time and assume additivity. Little work has been done on combinations of stressors such that potential interactions can be determined. The problem is very complex. Multiple stressors pose a whole spectrum of challenges that range from basic science to regulation, policy and gove- ance. The challenges raise fundamental questions about our understanding of the basic biological response to stressors, as well as the implications of those uncertainties in environmental risk assessment and management. In addition to the great breadth, there is also great depth in the research ch- lenges, largely due to the complexity of the issues. From a basic science point of view, many of the mechanisms and processes under investigation are at the cutting edge of science — involving new paradigms such as genomic ins- bility and bystander effects. Front Matter....Pages i-xx Front Matter....Pages 183-183 Multidisciplinary Aspects of Regulatory Systems Relevant to Multiple Stressors: Aging, Xenobiotics and Radiation....Pages 185-224 Radiation Risks in the Context of Multiple Stressors in the Environment – Issues for Consideration....Pages 235-246 Considerations for Proteomic Biomarkers in Rainbow Trout Ecotoxicology....Pages 263-269 Cytogenetic Biomarkers for Exposure to Multiple Stressors....Pages 287-293 Sensitivity of Irradiated Animals to Infection....Pages 335-340 Genetic Aspects of Pollutant Accumulation in Plants....Pages 225-234 Protection by Chemicals against Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects....Pages 247-262 Radiation, Oxidative Stress and Senescence; The Vascular Endothelial Cell as a Common Target....Pages 325-334 Front Matter....Pages 341-341 Steppe Soils Buffer Capacity and the Multipollution Impact of Industrial Enterprises in Ukraine....Pages 373-380 Ecology-related Microbiological and Biochemical Parameters in Assessing Soils Exposed to Anthropogenic Pollution....Pages 409-428 Enhanced Adsorption of Atrazine in Different Soils in the Presence of Fungal Laccase....Pages 391-403 Front Matter....Pages 439-439 Modeling the Best Use of Investments for Minimizing Risks of Multiple Stressors on the Environment....Pages 441-448 Uncertainties from Multiple Stressors: Challenges in Ecological Risk Assessment....Pages 455-465 Multiple Stressors and the Legal Challenge....Pages 477-481 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Involvement of Pollution with Fish Health....Pages 13-30 Front Matter....Pages 71-71 Effects of Multipollutant Exposures on Plant Populations....Pages 73-89 Front Matter....Pages 125-125 Post-Radiated and Post-Stressed Volatile Secretions: Secondary Immune and Behavioral Reactions in Groups of Animals....Pages 127-138 Evolution Processes in Populations of Plantain, Growing around the Radiation Sources: Changes in Plant Genotypes Resulting From Bystander Effects And Chromosomal Instability....Pages 155-170 Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability in the Offspring of Irradiated Parents....Pages 139-154 Clastogenic Factors, Bystander Effects and Genomic Instability In Vivo....Pages 171-182 Front Matter....Pages 183-183 Radiation, Oxidative Stress and Senescence; The Vascular Endothelial Cell as a Common Target....Pages 325-334 Radiation Risks in the Context of Multiple Stressors in the Environment – Issues for Consideration....Pages 235-246 Cytogenetic Biomarkers for Exposure to Multiple Stressors....Pages 287-293 Genetic Aspects of Pollutant Accumulation in Plants....Pages 225-234 Front Matter....Pages 341-341 Features of Somatic Gene Mutagenesis in Different Age Groups of Persons Exposed to Low Dose Radiation....Pages 343-349 Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) in Non-Nuclear Industry and Their Impact Into Environment and Occupational Radiation Risk....Pages 359-372 Problem of Microelementoze and Technology Allowing its Elimination with the Help of Geothermal Mineralized Sources: New Technology of Microelentoze Elimination....Pages 405-408 Molecular and Cellular Effects of Chronic Low Dose-Rate Ionizing Radiation Exposure in Mice....Pages 429-438 Cancer Risk Assessment in Drinking Water of Izmir, Turkey....Pages 381-389 Front Matter....Pages 439-439 Nuclear Pollution Exposure and Risk Assessment – The Case of Nuclear Reactors Accidents Involving Radioactive Emission....Pages 467-475 Learning from Chernobyl: Past and Present Responses....Pages 449-453 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Challenges in Radioecotoxicology....Pages 3-12 Effects of Ionizing Radiation Combined with Other Stressors, on Non-Human Biota....Pages 31-38 A Layperson's Primer on Multiple Stressors....Pages 57-69 The Involvement of Pollution with Fish Health....Pages 13-30 Front Matter....Pages 71-71 Methodology of Socio-Ecological Monitoring using Cytogenetic Methods....Pages 91-102 Front Matter....Pages 125-125 Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability in the Offspring of Irradiated Parents....Pages 139-154 Back Matter....Pages 483-484 His workshop proceedings aims to address the complex issue of multiple stressors (pollutants) in the environment. This is becoming a major issue now that virtually every region of the world is polluted. This is true even of "pristine" arctic environments where there are no humans, because chemicals and radiation circulate globally, do not respect international boundaries and accumulate in animals, plants and soils everywhere. There are huge problems, both scientific and politico-legal in managing multiple pollution. These range from issues with identifying cause in the legal sense, when cause may be multifactorial, to issues with understanding the subtle interplay of pollutants at the biological level. The scope of the workshop was therefore very wide and multiple disciplines were represented, including economists, lawyers, and ethicists in addition to scientists. Among the scientists, there was a careful blend of those dealing with the practical problems on the ground, and the more theoretical people who want to understand the mechanisms of interactions between various pollutants especially when all are by themselves present at sub-toxic concentrations. The aim of the workshop was to try to identify the issues and to propose a way forward which could at least start to address the issues in a logical way