Multicultural challenges and sustainable democracy in europe and east asia 2014

Previously, artificial neural networks have been used to capture only the informal properties of music. However, cognitive scientist Michael Dawson found that by training artificial neural networks to make basic judgments concerning tonal music, such as identifying the tonic of a scale or the quality of a musical chord, the networks revealed formal musical properties that differ dramatically from those typically presented in music theory. For example, where Western music theory identifies twelve distinct notes or pitch-classes, trained artificial neural networks treat notes as if they belong to only three or four pitch-classes, a wildly different interpretation of the components of tonal music. Intended to introduce readers to the use of artificial neural networks in the study of music, this volume contains numerous case studies and research findings that address problems related to identifying scales, keys, classifying musical chords, and learning jazz chord progressions. A detailed analysis of the internal structure of trained networks could yield important contributions to the field of music cognition. Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Overture: Alien Music -- Chapter 1: Science, Music, and Cognitivism -- 1.1 Mechanical Philosophy, Mathematics, and Music -- 1.2 Mechanical Philosophy and Tuning -- 1.3 Psychophysics of Music -- 1.4 From Rationalism to Classical Cognitive Science -- 1.5 Musical Cognitivism -- 1.6 Summary -- Chapter 2: Artificial Neural Networks and Music -- 2.1 Some Connectionist Basics -- 2.2 Romanticism and Connectionism -- 2.3 Against Connectionist Romanticism -- 2.4 The Value Unit Architecture -- 2.5 Summary and Implications -- Chapter 3: The Scale Tonic Perceptron -- 3.1 Pitch-Class Representations of Scales -- 3.2 Identifying the Tonics of Musical Scales -- 3.3 Interpreting the Scale Tonic Perceptron -- 3.4 Summary and Implications -- Chapter 4: The Scale Mode Network -- 4.1 The Multilayer Perceptron -- 4.2 Identifying Scale Mode -- 4.3 Interpreting the Scale Mode Network -- 4.4 Tritone Imbalance and Key Mode -- 4.5 Further Network Analysis -- 4.6 Summary and Implications -- Chapter 5: Networks for Key-Finding -- 5.1 Key-Finding -- 5.2 Key-Finding with Multilayered Perceptrons -- 5.3 Interpreting the Network -- 5.4 Coarse Codes for Key-Finding -- 5.5 Key-Finding with Perceptrons -- 5.6 Network Interpretation -- 5.7 Summary and Implications -- Chapter 6: Classifying Chords with Strange Circles -- 6.1 Four Types of Triads -- 6.2 Triad Classification Networks -- 6.3 Interval Cycles and Strange Circles -- 6.4 Added Note Tetrachords -- 6.5 Classifying Tetrachords -- 6.6 Interpreting the Tetrachord Network -- 6.7 Summary and Implications -- Chapter 7: Classifying Extended Tetrachords -- 7.1 Extended Tetrachords -- 7.2 Classifying Extended Tetrachords -- 7.3 Interpreting the Extended Tetrachord Network -- 7.4 Bands and Coarse Coding Front Matter....Pages i-xii Introduction....Pages 1-12 Front Matter....Pages 13-13 Multicultural Dreaming: Democracy and Multiculturalism in the ‘Chinese Dream’....Pages 15-35 The Migrant Workers’ Movement in the Democratic Consolidation of Korea....Pages 37-58 Property Law Policy for the Indigenous Ainu People and the Unresolved Issue of Reparations in Japan....Pages 59-81 Multiculturalism and Malaysia’s (Semi-) Democracy: Movements for Electoral Reform in an Evolving Ethno-Political Landscape....Pages 83-105 Socio-cultural Cleavages and Red Shirt-Yellow Shirt Conflicts in Thailand’s Politics: A Critical Multiculturalism View....Pages 107-128 Local Citizenship and Policy Agenda for ‘Foreign Residents’ in East Asia....Pages 129-152 Front Matter....Pages 153-153 Multiculturalism and the Extreme Right Challenge in Contemporary Britain....Pages 155-175 Nondiscrimination, Diversity and Islam: Challenges for Multiculturalism in France....Pages 177-197 Acculturation of Turkish Muslims as a Challenge to Social Integration in Germany....Pages 199-220 Acts of Citizenship against Neoliberalism: The New Cycle of Migrant Struggles in Italy....Pages 221-242 Multiculturalism and Dimensions of Identification in Eastern Europe: A Failed Policy or Inescapable Reality?....Pages 243-267 A Shared European Citizenship in a Multinational and Multicultural Environment....Pages 269-291 Back Matter....Pages 293-301 "This collection compares the current stage of multicultural challenges and their influence on democracy in twelve countries of Europe and East Asia. While East Asia has recently experienced sociocultural cleavages and their challenges to democracy, Europe has faced increasing discontent over multiculturalism and has tried to seek alternative routes of social integration to sustain democracy. In other words, both continents have now faced the common problem of how to solve sociocultural cleavages and how to sustain democracy through overcoming multicultural challenges. Contributors examine twelve individual cases in the two continents and compare the divergence and convergence of multicultural practices, exploring different ways of achieving the shared values of democracy in a multicultural diversity. This book ultimately clarifies the differences between Europe and East Asia in their approaches to universalizing locality and localizing global norms regarding human rights and democratic individuality in the context of multicultural challenges"-- Provided by publisher Intended to introduce readers to the use of artificial neural networks in the study of music, this volume contains numerous case studies and research findings that address problems related to identifying scales, keys, classifying musical chords, and learning jazz chord progressions. A detailed analysis of networks is provided for each case study which together demonstrate that focusing on the internal structure of trained networks could yield important contributions to the field of music cognition This collection examines the current stage of multicultural challenges and their influence on democracy in 12 countries of Europe and East Asia. Contributors draw out the differences between European and East Asian approaches to universalizing locality and localizing global norms regarding human rights and democratic individuality.