تحلیل چندمعیاره برای تصمیم‌گیری زیست‌محیطی (استراتژی‌های توسعه پایدار)

Multicriteria analysis, or MCA, has been increasingly used in environmental decision-making to support the identification of suitable courses of action by integrating factual information with value-based information collected through stakeholder engagement. Multicriteria Analysis for Environmental Decision-Making provides an introduction to the key concepts of MCA and includes a series of case studies that illustrate the application of MCA to a variety of environmental decision-making problems ranging from protected area zoning to landfill siting, and from forest restoration to environmental impact assessment of tourism infrastructures. A compact reference that can be used by researchers, practitioners and planners/decision makers, Multicriteria Analysis for Environmental Decision-Making can also serve as a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in a broad range of curricula. "Multicriteria analysis (MCA) has been increasingly used in environmental decision-making to support the identification of suitable courses of action, by integrating factual information coming for example from field surveys or impact modelling, with value-based information collected through stakeholder engagement This book provides an introduction to key concepts of MCA, and a series of case studies that illustrate the application of MCA to a variety of environmental decision-making problems. Topics include Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), protected areas planning and zoning, tourist infrastructures planning, forest restoration and nature conservation. Techniques described in the different cases include GIS-based MCA, sensitivity analysis, optimisation techniques, land suitability analysis, and others. The book provides a compact reference that can be used by researchers as a key resource offering an update and overview of the field, as well as by practitioners and planners/de cision makers as a source of inspiration for their activity. Additionally, the book will be a suitable textbook for both under and post-graduate courses in a broad range of curricula, including Environmental Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Planning and Architecture, Geography, Economics, Decision Sciences. "}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":769,"3":{"1":0},"11":3,"12":0}">Multicriteria analysis (MCA) has been increasingly used in environmental decision-making to support the identification of suitable courses of action, by integrating factual information coming for example from field surveys or impact modelling, with value-based information collected through stakeholder engagement This book provides an introduction to key concepts of MCA, and a series of case studies that illustrate the application of MCA to a variety of environmental decision-making problems. Topics include Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), protected areas planning and zoning, tourist infrastructures planning forest restoration and nature conservation. Techniques described in the different cases include GIS-based MCA, sensitivity analysis, optimisation techniques, land suitability analysis, and others. The book provides a compact reference that can be used by researchers as a key resource offering an update and overview of the field, as well as by practitioners and planners/decision makers as a source of inspiration for their activity. Additionally, the book will be a suitable textbook for both under and post-graduate courses in a broad range of curricula, including Environmental Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Planning and Architecture, Geography, Economics, Decision Sciences. "-- "Essentially, Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) is a method to support decision-making, by exploring the balance between the pros and cons of different alternatives. The comparison of alternatives is based upon a set of explicitly formulated criteria, which represent aspects of the alternatives that need to be taken into account during decision-making. More specifically, MCA assists the decision-making process by framing decision problems, illustrating the performance of the alternatives across all criteria, exploring trade-offs, formulating a decision, and testing its robustness. All this while considering, on the one hand the "analytical" performance of the alternatives across all criteria, and on the other hand the preferences and opinions of the stakeholders involved in the process. Many MCA approaches exist, which differ, inter alia, in terms of computational complexity, level of stakeholder engagement, and time and data requirement. Belton and Stewart (2002BIB-007) present a detailed analysis of the theoretical foundations of different MCA approaches, as well as their comparative strengths and weaknesses. It could be argued that most approaches share the same main stages of the generalized MCA process shown in Figure 1.1 (based on Kiker et al. 2005BIB-088; Geneletti and Ferretti 2015BIB-051), in which a key aspect is the involvement of different actors providing different types of input to the process. The first stage of the MCA process aims at establishing a shared understanding of the decision context, and at structuring the problem. Operationally, it includes defining the objectives of the decision process, identifying possible alternatives to achieve them, and formulating explicit criteria to assess how each alternative contributes to achieving the objectives"-- Contents List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements List of Author and Contributors Introduction 1. Principles of Multicriteria Analysis 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Establishing the Decision Context and Structuring the Problem 1.3 Running the MCA 1.3.1 Criteria assessment 1.3.2 Criteria weighting 1.3.3 Criteria aggregation 1.3.4 Sensitivity analysis 1.4 Conclusions 2. A Review of MCA Applications for Nature Conservation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Findings of the Review 2.2.1 Decision context and structuring 2.2.2 Analysis 2.2.3 Decision 2.3 Discussion and Recommendations for Best Practices 2.3.1 Decision context and structuring 2.3.2 Analysis 2.3.2 Decision 2.4 Conclusions 3. Landfill Site Selection: Combining Spatial MCA with Stakeholder Analysis 3.1 Context 3.1.1 Environmental decision-making problem 3.1.2 Case study description 3.2 Methods 3.2.1 Stakeholder analysis to identify decision criteria 3.2.2 SMCA to design possible landfill sites 3.2.3 MCA to rank landfill sites 3.3 Results 3.4 Lesson Learned and Conclusions 4. Protected Area Zoning: Integrating Spatial MCA and Multi-objective Evaluation 4.1 Context 4.1.1 Environmental decision-making problem 4.1.2 Case study description 4.2 Methods 4.2.1 Spatial MCA to assess land suitability 4.2.2 Multi-objective land allocation to assign protection levels 4.3 Results 4.4 Lesson Learned and Conclusions 5 Forest Landscape Restoration: Applying MCA to Design and Compare Options 5.1 Context 5.1.1 Environmental decision-making problem 5.1.2 Case study description 5.2 Methods 5.2.1 Generation of suitability maps 5.2.2 Design of reforestation options 5.2.3 Comparison of reforestation options 5.3 Results 5.4 Lesson Learned and Conclusions 6. Impact Assessment of Ski Areas: Combining GIS Indicators with MCA 6.1 Context 6.1.1 Environmental decision-making problem 6.1.2 Case study description 6.2 Methods 6.2.1 Impact assessment of ski areas 6.2.2 MCA to compare ski areas 6.3 Results 6.4 Lesson Learned and Conclusions Conclusions Annex References Index