Multi-Layered Diplomacy in a Global State: The International Relations of California (Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations)

This book explores the growing importance of subnational diplomacy by examining the state of California. As the fifth largest economy in the world, California's tribes, counties, cities and the state itself are changing the shape of diplomatic theory and practice and defining what it means to be a 'global' state. As both a theoretical text and a practical guide, this book offers a current snapshot of California, then connects this narrative to the fundamental international relations concepts of diplomacy and sovereignty and the working assumptions of professionals in the field. Through interviews with those representing all of the entities of the state - as well as the diplomats sent to the United States to represent the interests of their home countries - Holmes creates what she calls the 'vertical axis of diplomacy', providing context and depth to a (re)emerging form of diplomacy, increasingly relevant in this pandemic moment. Alison R. Holmes is Associate Professor and Program Leader for International Studies at Humboldt State University, USA. Prior to academe, Holmes worked in British politics for ten years, then in strategic communications for the BBC. She was also Managing Director for British-American Business and the US Ambassador's speechwriter in London A Note About The Cover Photo Acknowledgments Contents About the Author List of Figures List of Charts List of Maps Part I Spaces to Places and the Vertical Axis of Diplomacy in Practice 1 Introduction California in 2019 on the Cusp—Of What? The State’s “Vertical Axis” Identity, Sovereignty, and Governance— The Truth and the Lie of the CA Myth California’s Role in Space and Place Book Structure References 2 Taking a Practice Approach to California Methodology Consuls General—The World in California California’s Disparate Outward-Facing Team California State Government and International Activity The National/Domestic—International/Subnational Indigenous Government-to-Government Relations Conclusion References 3 California Today The Constitutional Basis of State Action States vs Subnationals in International Treaties The Legacy of Early California Old Sovereignties Re-emerge States and Sovereigns California’s Diversity of Peoples California’s Diverse Economy Paradiplomacy and Trade Conclusion References Part II The Theoretical Challenges to Subnational International Affairs 4 Old Sovereignty Shifting Sovereignty—Down and In or Up and Out? Conjugating Sovereignty Old-School Sovereignty Challenging the Old Thinking— History and Practice “Thing-Ness” The Boundaries of “Things” and What Lies Between Conclusion References 5 Globalized Spaces and Places of Sovereignty Interpretations of Sovereignty—Mingle or Clash? The Horizontal Axis Over Time Inherent Sovereignty Internal vs External Sovereignty The Shifting Frame of a Social Construct Tribes and the Constitution Tribes, Policies, and Treaties Sovereignty Is Practice Conclusion References 6 Diplomacy and Paradiplomacy in California The Study of Diplomacy Globalization and Diplomacy Territory, Sovereignty, and Diplomacy Paradiplomacy Phases in the Evolution of Paradiplomacy Types and Motivations of Paradiplomacy Operating Along the Diplomatic Frontier Conclusion References Part III California: Multi-layered Diplomacy in Action 7 Consuls General: From Alta to American California Changing Face of Consular Diplomacy The Next “New” Diplomacy?: Consulates and Subnationals California’s Closest ‘Allies’: Mexico and Canada Mexico: More like Family Cross-Border Relationships to the South Mexican Diplomacy and Diplomats in California: Coordination and Structure California–Mexico Diplomacy Writ Large Canada: The Middle Power Next Door Cross-Border Relationships to the North Protodiplomacy of Subnationals: Québec Paradiplomacy of Subnationals: Ontario Canadian Diplomacy and Diplomats: Coordination and Structure Conclusion References 8 Locating California on the Vertical Axis of Diplomacy Co-sovereigns? States’ Power Unsung Heroes of Governance – The Role of Counties Cities, Mega-Cities, City-States? Networks in the City of Angels Systemic Shift or just Another Change of Party? Conclusion References 9 Representing All of California to the World International Trade and Global Lessons Global Lesson One Global Lesson Two Global Lesson Three Regions and Tribes Practical Ideas from the Ranks Climate Change Is the Catalyst: Trump Created the Space References 10 Multi-layered Diplomacy in a Global State Globality Is Connectivity Globality in Practice California as a Global Cosmopolitan vs an Accidental Internationalist References Charts Further Reading Index Part One : 1 Introduction.- 2 Taking A Practice Approach To California.- 3 California Today.- Part Two : 4 Old Sovereignty.- 5 Globalized Spaces And Places Of Sovereignty.- 6 Diplomacy, Paradiplomacy And California.- Part Three : 7 Consuls General From Alta To American California.- 8 Locating California On The Vertical Axis Of Diplomacy.- 9 Representing All Of California To The World.- 10 Multi-layered Diplomacy In A Global State. Alison R. Holmes. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Electronic Reproduction. Ann Arbor, Mi Available Via World Wide Web.