Multi-Agent Systems : 19th European Conference, EUMAS 2022, Düsseldorf, Germany, September 14–16, 2022, Proceedings

This book constitutes thoroughly refereed and revised selected papers from the proceedings of 19th European Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, EUMAS 2022, held in Düsseldorf, Germany, during September 14–16, 2022. The 23 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The book also contains 6 short summaries of talks from PhD students at the PhD day. The papers deal with current topics in the research and development of multi-agent systems. Preface Organization Invited Talks Map of Elections: The Story So Far Biology Bit My Finger or Why AI Ethics Needs Us to Not Forget the Agent Contents EUMAS 2022 Papers Iterative Goal-Based Approval Voting 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Goal-Based Voting 2.2 Satisfaction Functions 2.3 The Iteration Process 3 Termination Results for the Approval Rule 4 Social Welfare in Iteration with the Approval Rule 5 Conclusions References Mind the Gap! Runtime Verification of Partially Observable MASs with Probabilistic Trace Expressions 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Probabilistic Trace Expressions 4 From HMMs to PTEs 5 Minding Gaps in a Centralized Setting 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Advising Agent for Service-Providing Live-Chat Operators 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Call Centers 2.2 Agents that Support Human Actions 2.3 Method of Advice Provision 2.4 Learning How to Provide Advice 3 Modus Operandi and Life-Cycle of the Agent 3.1 Agent's Life-Cycle 3.2 The Learning Process 4 Experiment 4.1 Experiment Domain - Student Loans 4.2 Phase 1 – The Apprentice Phase 4.3 Phase 2 – The Novice-Advisor Phase 4.4 Phase 3 – The Expert-Advisor Phase 5 Results 5.1 Operators' Opinions 5.2 Time Performance 5.3 Learning Effectiveness of Phase 2 6 Conclusions, Discussion and Future Work References Initial Conditions Sensitivity Analysis of a Two-Species Butterfly-Effect Agent-Based Model 1 Introduction 2 Concept 3 Initial Conditions Sensitivity Analysis 3.1 A Two-Species Butterfly-Effect Agent-Based Model 3.2 Feedback Systems Interpretation of Agent Behaviors 3.3 Sensitivity to Initial Conditions 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Proxy Manipulation for Better Outcomes 1 Introduction 2 Model and Preliminaries 3 Strategyproofness for Median Proxy Voting 4 Manipulations for Better Outcomes 4.1 Dynamics and Convergence 4.2 Monotone Policies 4.3 Discretization 4.4 Non-monotone Policies 5 Partial Information 6 Conclusions and Future Work References The Spread of Opinions via Boolean Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Our Contribution 1.2 Related Work 2 The Model 2.1 Restricted Languages for Update Functions 3 The Complexity of Convergence 4 Asynchronous Updates 5 Multi-agent Delegations as Boolean Opinion Diffusion 5.1 Control in Multi-agent Delegation 6 Results from the Boolean Network Literature 7 Conclusion References Robustness of Greedy Approval Rules 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Approval Elections and Multiwinner Rules 2.2 Robustness of Multiwinner Voting Rules 3 Robustness Level 4 Robustness Radius: Complexity Results 5 Robustness to Random Noise: Experimental Results 6 Summary References Using Multiwinner Voting to Search for Movies 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 System Design 3.1 Data Model 3.2 Search Model 3.3 Winner Determination 3.4 Final Search Process 4 Experiments 4.1 Calibrating the TF-IDF Metric 4.2 Testing the Rules: Synthetic Data 4.3 Testing the Rules: Movies Data 4.4 Effectiveness of the Heuristics 5 Conclusions References Allocating Teams to Tasks: An Anytime Heuristic Competence-Based Approach 1 Introduction 2 The NOMTMT Allocation Problem 2.1 Basic Concepts 2.2 Competence Coverage and Affinity 2.3 The Optimisation Problem 3 Solving the NOMTMT Allocation Problem Optimally 4 An Algorithm for the NOMTMT Allocation Problem 4.1 Building an Initial Team Allocation 4.2 Improving Team Allocation 5 Empirical Analysis 5.1 Quality, Runtime and Anytime Analysis 5.2 Solving a Real-World Problem 5.3 Validation 6 Related Work 7 Conclusions and Future Work References Collaborative Decision Making for Lane-Free Autonomous Driving in the Presence of Uncertainty 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 2.1 Coordination Graphs 2.2 The Max-Plus Algorithm 2.3 Max-Plus in the Lane-Free Environment 2.4 Related Work 3 Max-Plus Under Uncertainty 3.1 Emulated Messages 3.2 Prediction Under Uncertainty 4 Experimental Evaluation 4.1 Lane-Free Independent Agents (with Noise) 4.2 Simulation Environment 4.3 Experiments and Results 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Maximin Shares Under Cardinality Constraints 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Related Work 2 Preliminaries 3 Ordered Instances 4 Reduced Instances 5 MMS Results Under Cardinality Constraints 6 Uniform Matroid Constraints 7 Fair Allocation of Chores 8 Discussion References Welfare Effects of Strategic Voting Under Scoring Rules 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 1.2 Our Contribution 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Voting Concepts 2.2 Statistical Cultures 2.3 Experimental Setup 3 Results 3.1 Impartial Culture 3.2 Euclidean Cultures 3.3 Mallows Models 3.4 Mallows Sushi 3.5 Skating Bag 4 Conclusions References Preserving Consistency for Liquid Knapsack Voting 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 1.2 Our Contribution 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Knapsack Voting 2.2 Liquid Knapsack Voting 2.3 Consistent Knapsack Voting 3 Theoretical Results 3.1 Preprocessing Steps and Observations 3.2 Parameterized Complexity 4 ILP and Simulation Results 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Results and Discussion 5 Approximation Algorithms 6 Discussion and Outlook References Strategic Nominee Selection in Tournament Solutions 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Initial Remarks 4 Condorcet Winner Rule 5 Uncovered Set 6 Conclusion References Sybil-Resilient Social Choice with Low Voter Turnout 1 Introduction 1.1 Contribution and Structure 1.2 Related Work 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Partial Participation and Sybils 2.2 Safety and Liveness 2.3 Safety, Liveness, and Partial Participation 3 The General Reality-Enforcing Mechanism 3.1 The General RE Mechanism vs. Shahaf et al. 4 Binary vote: Status Quo vs. a Single Contender 5 Extensions to Other Domains 5.1 Multiple Referenda 5.2 The Real Line 5.3 Rankings 6 Discussion References A Survey of Ad Hoc Teamwork Research 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Problem Formulation 2.2 Subtasks in Ad Hoc Teamwork 3 Boundaries of Ad Hoc Teamwork 3.1 Variations of the Ad Hoc Teamwork Problem 3.2 Related Problems 4 Solution Approaches 4.1 Knowledge Representation 4.2 Identifying Current Teammates 4.3 Action Selection 4.4 Adapting to Current Teammates 5 Evaluation Domains 6 Conclusion and Open Problems References Combining Theory of Mind and Abduction for Cooperation Under Imperfect Information 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Theory of Mind 2.2 Abductive Reasoning 2.3 The Hanabi Game 3 Agent Model 3.1 The Abduction Task 3.2 Assimilation of Abductive Explanations 3.3 Action Selection 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References A Modular Architecture for Integrating Normative Advisors in MAS 1 Introduction 2 Core Components 2.1 Intentional Agents 2.2 Norms and Normative (Multi-agent) Systems 3 Normative MAS via Normative Advisors 4 Implementation 4.1 Normative Advisor Architecture and Decision-Making Cycle 4.2 eFLINT Norm Base Implementation 4.3 Spawning and Interacting with Advisors 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Participatory Budgeting with Multiple Resources 1 Introduction 2 The Model 2.1 Scenarios and Profiles 2.2 Mechanisms 2.3 Axioms 2.4 Modelling Additional Constraints 3 Axiomatic Analysis 3.1 Proportionality 3.2 Strategyproofness 3.3 An Impossibility Result 4 Algorithms and Complexity 4.1 The Greedy-Approval Mechanism 4.2 The Max-Approval Mechanism 4.3 The Sequential Load-Balancing Mechanism 5 Conclusion References A Methodology for Formalizing Different Types of Norms 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 The T-Norm Model 4 Methodology 4.1 Using Ontologies for Modeling Norms 4.2 Norms with Activation Condition 4.3 Representing Obligations and Prohibitions 4.4 Temporal Aspect of Norms 4.5 Specific and General Deontic Relations 5 Conclusions References Explainability in Mechanism Design: Recent Advances and the Road Ahead 1 Introduction 2 Mechanism Design 3 Motivations for Explainable Mechanism Design 4 Explainable Mechanism Design Versus XAI 4.1 Taxonomy 4.2 Explanation Purpose 4.3 The Explainee 5 Explanation Concepts 5.1 Norms Versus Attributes 5.2 Catering to the Human Mind 6 Evaluation Methods 7 Challenges and Possible Solutions 8 Conclusion References Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Reasoning for Value Alignment 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivating Example 2 Requirements 2.1 Quantitative Reasoning 2.2 Qualitative Reasoning 2.3 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Reasoning 3 Preliminaries 3.1 Hyperreal Numbers 3.2 Grades 4 Grade-Based Framework of Value-Based Reasoning 4.1 Evaluation Aggregation Rules 4.2 Using the Aggregation Information 4.3 Weighing the Values 4.4 Compatibility 4.5 Applying Formalism to Example 5 Related Work 5.1 Related Qualitative Approaches 5.2 Related Quantitative Approaches 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Resource Allocation to Agents with Restrictions: Maximizing Likelihood with Minimum Compromise 1 Introduction 2 The Matching Advice Framework 2.1 Graph Representation and Problem Formulation 2.2 An Example 2.3 Incompatibility Types 3 Preliminaries 4 Hardness Results 5 Algorithms for Advice Frameworks 5.1 Notation 5.2 Scenario Identification 5.3 Multi-Choice-Single-Restriction 5.4 Threshold-Like Incompatibility 6 Computing Matching Probability 7 Experimental Results 8 Limitations and Future Work References PhD Day Short Papers Proactivity in Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Simulation-Based Approach 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology and Results 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Stability, Fairness, and Altruism in Coalition Formation 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 FEN-Hedonic Games 4 Local Fairness in Hedonic Games 5 Altruism in Coalition Formation Games References Engineering Pro-social Values in Autonomous Agents – Collective and Individual Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 The Collective Approach 3 The Individual Approach 4 Conclusion References Axiomatic and Algorithmic Study on Different Areas of Collective Decision Making 1 Research Areas 1.1 Participatory Budgeting 1.2 Voting 1.3 Opinion Diffusion 2 Further Future Work References Participatory Budgeting: Fairness and Welfare Maximization 1 Introduction 2 Divisible PB 3 Indivisible PB 3.1 Approval Votes 3.2 Rankings 4 Summary References Human Consideration in Analysis and Algorithms for Mechanism Design 1 Introduction 2 Information Design in Affiliate Marketing 3 Explainability in Mechanism Design 3.1 Recent Advances and the Road Ahead 3.2 Justifying Social-Choice Mechanism Outcome for Improving Participant Satisfaction References Author Index "This book constitutes thoroughly refereed and revised selected papers from the proceedings of 19th European Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, EUMAS 2022, held in Dusseldorf, Germany, during September 1416, 2022. The 23 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The book also contains 6 short summaries of talks from PhD students at the PhD day. The papers deal with current topics in the research and development of multi-agent systems