Muller's Imaging of the Chest E-Book : Expert Radiology Series

Reflecting recent major advances in the field, Müller's Imaging of the Chest, 2nd Edition, by Drs. Christopher M. Walker and Jonathan H. Chung, remains your go-to reference for all aspects of chest radiology , including the latest diagnostic modalities and interventional techniques. This exhaustive resource begins with a review of normal anatomy, progressing to expert coverage based first on how patients present in clinical practice, then on diagnosis or diagnostic category. This practical, easy-to-use format helps you effectively select and interpret the best imaging studies for the everyday challenges you face in thoracic imaging. Provides extensive new information on lung cancer screening , detailing the technique required to perform a lung cancer screening CT as well as how to interpret these examinations using ACR Lung-RADS. Contains four all-new chapters : Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features, Non-infectious complications of lung and stem cell transplantation, and Leukemia. Updates you on recent advances regarding interstitial lung disease diagnosis, diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH), interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, and much more. Explains the recent CT classification in usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF) diagnosis and what features are required to correctly categorize a CT into one of four specific patterns. Covers current topics such as bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections, and new staging and histologic classifications for various lung neoplasms including lung cancer and mesothelioma. Features more than 3,100 superior, large digital-quality images (many in full color) depicting all of the chest imaging findings you’re likely to see, and helping you distinguish between conditions with similar manifestations. Provides boxes highlighting key points to assist you with report writing, as well as suggestions for treatment and future imaging studies. Features a full-color design throughout , color-coded tables, classic signs boxes, and bulleted lists that highlight key concepts and get you to the information you need quickly. Front Cover Inside Front Cover Muller's Imaging of the Chest Copyright Page Dedication Contributors Foreword Preface Table Of Contents Second half title page 1 Normal Chest 1 Normal Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography* Radiography Technique Projections Basic Radiographic Techniques Patient Positioning and Respiration Exposure Kilovoltage Image Acquisition Computed Radiography Digital Radiography Normal Anatomy of the Chest Airways Trachea and Bronchi Pulmonary Arterial and Venous Circulation Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary Hila Lung Parenchyma Secondary Lobule Segments and Lobes Radiographic Density Pulmonary Markings Pleura Interlobar Fissures Accessory Fissures Azygos Fissure. Inferior Accessory Fissure. Superior Accessory Fissure. Left Minor Fissure. Pulmonary Ligament Thoracic Inlet Mediastinum Anatomy Frontal Chest Radiograph Lateral Chest Radiograph Heart Diaphragm Chest Wall Computed Tomography Technical Aspects Incremental and Continuous Volume (Spiral) Computed Tomography Imaging Parameters High-Resolution Computed Tomography Radiation Dose Normal Anatomy Airways Trachea and Main Bronchi Lobar Bronchi and Bronchopulmonary Segments Normal Bronchi on Computed Tomography Bronchioles Pulmonary Arterial and Venous Circulation Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary Veins Bronchial Circulation Lung Parenchyma Secondary Pulmonary Lobule Acinus Lung Density on Computed Tomography Pleura Anatomy Interlobar Fissures Accessory Fissures Azygos Fissure. Inferior Accessory Fissure. Superior Accessory Fissure. Pulmonary Ligament Mediastinum Supraaortic Region Aortic Arch to Tracheal Carina Subcarinal Region Lymphatic System of the Lungs, Pleura, and Mediastinum Thoracic Duct and Right Lymphatic Duct Lymph Nodes. Parietal and Visceral Groups of Thoracic Lymph Nodes. Lymph Node Size. Diaphragm. Chest Wall. Suggested Readings References 2 Radiologic Manifestations of Lung Disease 2 Consolidation* Chest Radiograph Silhouette Sign Focal and Multifocal Consolidation Extensive Confluent and Diffuse Consolidation Computed Tomography Acute Causes of Parenchymal Consolidation Pneumonia Pulmonary Edema and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Diffuse Pulmonary Hemorrhage Chronic Causes of Parenchymal Consolidation Organizing Pneumonia Eosinophilic Lung Disease Lipoid Pneumonia Adenocarcinoma Suggested Readings References 3 Atelectasis* Mechanisms of Atelectasis Obstructive Atelectasis Passive Atelectasis Compressive Atelectasis Round Atelectasis Adhesive Atelectasis Cicatrization Atelectasis Radiologic Signs of Atelectasis Direct Signs Displacement of Interlobar Fissures Crowding of Vessels and Bronchi Indirect Signs Patterns of Atelectasis Total Pulmonary Atelectasis Lobar Atelectasis Right Upper Lobe Left Upper Lobe Right Middle Lobe Lower Lobes Combined Lobar Atelectasis Combined Right Middle and Lower Lobe Atelectasis. Combined Right Upper and Middle Lobe Atelectasis. Combined Right Upper and Lower Lobe Atelectasis. Migrating Lobar Atelectasis Segmental Atelectasis Linear (Plate-Like) Atelectasis Suggested Readings References 4 Nodules and Masses* Solitary Lung Nodule or Mass Location of the Lesion Imaging Characteristics of Lung Nodules Size Change in Size Attenuation: Calcification Attenuation: Fat Density Attenuation: Water Density Attenuation: Air Bronchogram Attenuation: Bubble Lucencies (Pseudocavitation) Attenuation: Focal Nodular Ground-Glass Opacity Attenuation: Computed Tomography Halo Sign Character of the Nodule-Lung Interface Nodule Enhancement: Computed Tomography Nodule Metabolism: Positron Emission Tomography Solitary Pulmonary Mass Algorithm for Evaluation of Pulmonary Nodules Multiple Lung Nodules and Masses Suggested Readings References 5 Interstitial Patterns* Septal Pattern Reticular Pattern Cystic Pattern Nodular Pattern Perilymphatic Nodular Pattern Centrilobular Nodular Pattern Tree-in-Bud Pattern Random Distribution Ground-Glass Pattern “Crazy Paving” Pattern Limitations of the Pattern Approach Suggested Readings References 6 Decreased Lung Density* Alteration in Pulmonary Volume General Excess of Air Local Excess of Air Bulla Bleb Pneumatocele Alteration in Pulmonary Vasculature Suggested Readings References 3 Developmental Lung Disease 7 Airway and Parenchymal Anomalies* Anomalous Tracheobronchial Branching Tracheal Bronchus Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Computed Tomography. Synopsis of Treatment Options Accessory Cardiac Bronchus Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Computed Tomography. Synopsis of Treatment Options Displaced Bronchi Congenital Bronchial Atresia Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Bronchopulmonary Isomerism and Heterotaxy Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Ultrasound Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Bronchogenic Cyst Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Congenital Lobar Overinflation Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Sequestration Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Pulmonary Underdevelopment Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Congenital Lymphatic Malformation Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nuclear Medicine Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 8 Congenital Malformations of the Pulmonary Vessels in Adults* Proximal Interruption of the Pulmonary Artery Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Ventilation-Perfusion (VQ) Nuclear Imaging Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Aberrant Retrotracheal Left Pulmonary Artery (Pulmonary Artery Sling) Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Synopsis of Treatment Options Right Pulmonary Artery–to–Left Atrium Communication Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Synopsis of Treatment Options Congenital Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography and Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Congenital Stenosis and Atresia of Pulmonary Veins Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Angiography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary Varices Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Scimitar Syndrome (Hypogenetic Lung Syndrome) Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography. Computed Tomography. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Other Forms of Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography. Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Aberrant or Meandering Pulmonary Veins Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Endovascular Treatment Technique. Results. Isolated Systemic Arterial Supply of the Lung Embryology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 4 Pulmonary Infection 9 Bacterial Pneumonia* Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathologic Findings and Pathophysiology Imaging Findings Radiography and Computed Tomography Lobar Pneumonia Bronchopneumonia and Bronchiolitis Hematogenous Spread of Infection Complications Specific Organisms Community-Acquired Pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Atypical Infections Legionella pneumophila Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae Health Care–Associated, Hospital-Acquired, and Ventilator-Acquired Pneumonia Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacteriaceae Anaerobic Bacteria Zoonotic Infections Higher-Form Bacteria Nocardia asteroides Actinomyces israelii Imaging Algorithms Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 10 Pulmonary Tuberculosis Overview Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathologic Findings and Pathophysiology New Concept of Manifestations of the Disease Radiographic Findings Multidetector or High-Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithm Based on Pros and Cons of Various Modalities Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 11 Nontuberculous (Atypical) Mycobacterial Infection* Prevalence and Epidemiology Classification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Clinical Presentation: Colonization Versus Infection Pathology Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex Manifestations of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex Infection Radiography. Computed Tomography. Mycobacterium kansasii Mycobacterium xenopi Mycobacterium malmoense Mycobacterium gordonae Mycobacteria Chelonae and Other Rapidly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Hot Tub Lung Coexisting Disease and Infection With Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Imaging Algorithm Synopsis of Treatment Options Medical Treatment Surgical Treatment Suggested Readings References 12 Fungal Infections Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Manifestations of the Disease Histoplasmosis Acute Histoplasmosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Chronic Histoplasmosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Histoplasmoma General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Disseminated Histoplasmosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Mediastinal Granuloma and Fibrosing Mediastinitis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Broncholithiasis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Coccidioidomycosis Primary Coccidioidomycosis or Acute Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Chronic or Persistent Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. North American Blastomycosis General Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithms Aspergillosis Saprophytic Aspergillosis (Aspergilloma) General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Semiinvasive or Chronic Necrotizing Aspergillosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Airway Invasive Aspergillosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Angioinvasive Aspergillosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Imaging Algorithms. Candidiasis General Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithms Cryptococcosis General Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithms Zygomycosis General Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithms Differential Diagnosis From Clinical Data From Supportive Diagnostic Techniques Synopsis of Treatment Options Medical Surgical Suggested Readings References 13 Viruses* Patterns of Disease Specific Viruses Influenza Viruses Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Hantaviruses Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography and Computed Tomography Adenoviruses Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Herpesviruses Herpes Simplex Virus Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography. Computed Tomography. Varicella Virus Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography. Computed Tomography. Cytomegalovirus Manifestations of the Disease Radiography and Computed Tomography. Epstein-Barr Virus Papilloma Viruses Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Treatment Suggested Readings References 14 Parasites* Amebiasis Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ultrasonography Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Ascariasis Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Strongyloidiasis Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease) Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Schistosomiasis Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Paragonimiasis Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 15 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection* Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Infection Bacterial Respiratory Infection General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Pneumocystis Pneumonia General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Fungal Infections Other Than Pneumocystis Pneumonia General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Tuberculosis General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Viral Infections General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Neoplasms Kaposi Sarcoma General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Lymphoma General. Imaging. Lung Cancer General. Imaging. Multicentric Castleman Disease General. Imaging. Noninfectious, Nonneoplastic Entities Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia General. Radiography. Computed Tomography. Esophagitis General. Imaging. Pulmonary Hypertension General. Imaging. Thrombosis General. Imaging. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome General. Imaging. Differential Diagnosis Clinical Data Imaging Findings Imaging Algorithm Synopsis of Treatment Options Medical Surgical Suggested Readings References 5 Pulmonary Neoplasms 16 Screening for Lung Cancer Background Conditions for Screening History of Lung Cancer Screening History of Computed Tomography Screening Screening Programs and Reimbursement Lung Computed Tomography Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) Enriching the Screened Population Computer-Aided Detection Assessment of Nodules Biomarkers Conclusion Suggested Readings References 17 Lung Cancer Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Asymptomatic Symptomatic Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Solitary Pulmonary Nodule or Mass Lobar or Segmental Consolidation or Atelectasis Hyperlucent Lung Hilar or Mediastinal Mass Diffuse Interstitial Disease Chest Wall and Lung Apex Involvement Pleural Effusion and Pleural Thickening Computed Tomography Pulmonary Nodule(s) Lobar or Segmental Consolidation or Atelectasis Hilar or Mediastinal Disease Chest Wall and Pleural Involvement Computed Tomography–Guided Biopsy of Intrathoracic Lesions Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ultrasonography Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Algorithms Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Hemoptysis Hilar or Mediastinal Mass on Radiography Lobar Consolidation or Atelectasis Peripheral Lesion Differential Diagnosis Clinical Presentation Hemoptysis Cough Dyspnea Constitutional and Paraneoplastic Symptoms (Fever, Weakness, Weight Loss) Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Vocal Cord Paralysis Horner Syndrome Imaging Findings Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Lobar Consolidation or Atelectasis Mediastinal or Hilar Mass Pleural Effusion Suggested Readings References 18 Pulmonary Carcinoma Staging Schemes for Staging Methods of Staging T (Primary Tumor) Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography N (Lymph Nodes) Radiography and Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography M (Distant Metastases) Conventional Staging Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bone Scintigraphy Whole-Body Positron Emission Tomography Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Whole-Body Positron Emission Tomography–Magnetic Resonance Imaging Adrenal Imaging Staging for Lung Cancers With Multiple Pulmonary Sites of Involvement Tumor-Node-Metastisis Staging for Small Cell Lung Cancer Synopsis of Treatment Options Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Small Cell Lung Cancer Suggested Readings References 19 Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia, Pulmonary Tumorlets, and Carcinoid Tumors* Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia and Pulmonary Tumorlets Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Imaging Findings Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Typical and Atypical Carcinoid Tumors Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Imaging Findings Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance, Scintigraphy, and Positron Emission Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 20 Pulmonary Hamartoma* Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 21 Inflammatory Pseudotumor* Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 22 Pulmonary Metastases* Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Hematogenous Spread Lymphatic Spread Aerogenous Spread Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Lung Nodules Lymphatic Spread (Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis) Computed Tomography Lung Nodules Lymphatic Spread (Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis) Intravascular Tumor Emboli Bronchial and Tracheal Metastases Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Algorithms Differential Diagnosis Suggested Readings References 6 Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Leukemia 23 Pulmonary Lymphoid Hyperplasia and Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia)* Pulmonary Lymphoid Hyperplasia (Follicular Bronchiolitis) Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia) Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 24 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Overview Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Imaging Evaluation Imaging Manifestations of Disease Staging Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 25 Hodgkin Lymphoma Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Manifestations of Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Mediastinal Involvement Pleuropulmonary Disease Chest Wall and Extrathoracic Skeletal Involvement Positron Emission Tomography Differential Diagnosis Staging Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 26 Leukemia Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Mediastinum Lung Pleura Heart Axillae Role of Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Conclusion Suggested Readings References 7 Diffuse Lung Diseases 27 Usual Interstitial Pneumonia/Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis* Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 28 Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia* Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 29 Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia/Secondary Organizing Pneumonia* Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithms Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 30 Acute Interstitial Pneumonia* Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 31 Sarcoidosis* Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Lymph Node Enlargement Without Pulmonary Abnormality Diffuse Pulmonary Disease With or Without Lymph Node Enlargement Nodular Pattern. Reticulonodular Pattern. Parenchymal Consolidation. Fibrosis. Cavitation and Mycetoma Formation. Pleural Disease. Cardiovascular Disease. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Manifestations Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hilar and Mediastinal Nodes Cardiac Sarcoidosis Abdominal Manifestations Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gallium-67 Scintigraphy Positron Emission Tomography Diagnostic Algorithm Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 32 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis* Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Laboratory Findings Lung Function Pathologic Findings Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Acute Phase Subacute Phase Chronic Phase Acute Exacerbations Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 33 Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis* Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Positron Emission Tomography Echocardiography Imaging Algorithms Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Medical Surgical Suggested Readings References 34 Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease* Respiratory Bronchiolitis and Respiratory Bronchiolitis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithms Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithms Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Smoking-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis Etiology Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Suggested Readings References 35 Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Tuberous Sclerosis Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Anatomy Pathology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Imaging Algorithms Differential Diagnosis Suggested Readings References 36 Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathology Physiology Imaging Differential Diagnosis Treatment and Management Suggested Readings References 37 Eosinophilic Lung Diseases* Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Synopsis of Treatment Options Suggested Readings References 38 Metabolic and Storage Lung Diseases* Metabolic Pulmonary Diseases Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography High-Resolution Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Amyloidosis Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Lung Function Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis Etiology Prevalence and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Nuclear Medicine Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of the Disease Radiography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nuclear Medicine Differential Diagnosis Synopsis of Treatment Options Lipid Storage Diseases Gaucher Disease Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Pathophysiology Manifestations of "Reflecting recent major advances in the field, M©ơller's Imaging of the Chest, 2nd Edition, by Drs. Christopher M. Walker and Jonathan H. Chung, remains your go-to reference for all aspects of chest radiology, including the latest diagnostic modalities and interventional techniques. This exhaustive resource begins with a review of normal anatomy, progressing to expert coverage based first on how patients present in clinical practice, then on diagnosis or diagnostic category. This practical, easy-to-use format helps you effectively select and interpret the best imaging studies for the everyday challenges you face in thoracic imaging"--Résumé de l'éditeur