Mothers of a new world : maternalist politics and the origins of welfare states

First Published in 1993. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction: "Mother Worlds" "Mother Worlds" and the Politics of Motherliness The Origins of Maternalist Movements The Paradoxical Legacies of Maternalism Conclusions Notes 1. The Historical Foundations of Women's Power in the Creation of the American Welfare State, 1830-1930 Welfare and Work: Two Sides of the Same Coin The Sociopolitical Origins of Middle-Class Women's Political Culture Class Themes in the Political Culture of Urban Men, 1870-1900 Stalemate in Men's Political Culture The Flowering of Middle-Class Women's Political Culture, 1860-1900 White Middle-Class Women and Men Create the Welfare State The End of an Era Notes 2. Borderlands: Women, Voluntary Action, and Child Welfare in Britain, 1840 to 1914 Introduction The "Useful Power" of Ladies: Mary Carpenter, Juvenile Punishment, and the State Mary Ward, Civic Maternalism, and State Welfare Ward's Collectivist Road: From "Higher Criticism" toRecreation Schools Socialism and Voluntarism: Margaret McMillan in South London Conclusions Notes 3. Social Mothers: The Bourgeois Women's Movement and German Welfare-State Formation, 1890-1929 Introduction Bourgeois Social Reform in Wilhelmine Germany The Bourgeois Women's Movement and the Concept of "Social Motherhood" Women, War, and Welfare: The Nationalization of the Women's Movement Welfare in Weimar: The Bureaucratization of Social Work Notes 4. Woman's Work and the Early Welfare State in Germany: Legislators, Bureaucrats, and Clients before the First World War Introduction Women's Work, Social Science, and Bureaucracy Social Science, Gendered Labor, and Welfare in Saxony: The Oberlausitz Weavers Notes 5. Depopulation and Race Suicide: Maternalism and Pronatalist Ideologies in France and the United States Notes 6. The Power of Motherhood: Black and White Activist Women Redefine the "Political" The Historical and Political Underpinnings of "Motherhood" in the Early-Twentieth-Century Women's Movement Black Women Activists The National Association of Colored Women Into the Home Relationship to the Labor Question and Education Relationship to the Fight against Segregation and Racial Violence "$acred Motherhood:" White Women Reformers and the Courts Conclusion Notes 7. Catholicism, Feminism, and the Politics of the Family during the Late Third Republic Social Catholicism Confronts the Woman Question The Campaign for the Unwaged Mother's Allowance Family Policy and Women's Freedom: Conversations between Women Conclusion Notes 8. The Limits of Maternalism: Policies toward American Wage-Earning Mothers during the Progressive Era The Child-Care Movement The Day Nursery as Charity The Day Nursery as School and Clinic The Politics of Child Care The Movement for Mothers' Pensions Campaign by Coalition Motherhood as Service The Politics of Implementation Child Care or Mothers' Pensions? Notes 9. "My Work Came Out of Agony and Grief": Mothers and the Making of the Sheppard-Towner Act Notes 10. Women in the British Labour Party and the Construction of State Welfare, 1906-1939 Introduction Origins and Composition of the Labour Women's Organizations The Ideas of the Labour Women The Labour Women and Marriage The British State and Social Welfare The Influence and Achievement of the Labour Women Local Housing Women, Labour, and Welfare in Lancashire Cotton Towns Women in New Industrial Towns Conclusion Notes 11. A Revolution in the Family: The Challenge and Contradictions of Maternal Citizenship in Australia Notes 12. Feminist Strategies and Gendered Discourses in Welfare States: Married Women's Right to Work in the United States and Sweden Alliances Women's Organizations Trade Unions Policy-Making Structures Discursive Resources Sweden The United States Conclusion Notes Index Contributors The Historical Foundations Of Women's Power In The Creation Of The American Welfare State, 1830-1930 / Kathryn Kish Sklar -- Borderlands: Women, Voluntary Action, And Child Welfare In Britain, 1840 To 1914 / Seth Koven -- Social Mothers: The Bourgeois Women's Movement And German Welfare-state Formation, 1890-1929 / Christoph Sachsse -- Woman's Work And The Early Welfare State In Germany: Legislators, Bureaucrats, And Clients Before The First World War / Jean H. Quataert -- Depopulation And Race Suicide: Maternalism And Pronatalist Ideologies In France And The United States / Alisa Klaus -- Power Of Motherhood: Black And White Activist Women Redefine The Political / Eileen Boris -- Catholicism, Feminism, And The Politics Of The Family During The Late Third Republic / Susan Pedersen -- The Limits Of Maternalism: Policies Toward American Wage-earning Mothers During The Progressive Era / Sonya Michel -- My Work Came Out Of Agony And Grief: Mothers And The Making Of The Sheppard-towner Act / Molly Ladd-taylor -- Women In The British Labour Party And The Construction Of State Welfare, 1906-1939 / Pat Thane -- Revolution In The Family: The Challenge And Contradictions Of Maternal Citizenship In Australia / Marilyn Lake -- Feminist Strategies And Gendered Discourses In Welfare States: Married Women's Right To Work In The United States And Sweden. Edited By Seth Koven & Sonya Michel. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. One of the most exciting features of the new stream of scholarship on women and the creation of the American welfare state during what has been called the "watershed" of American history between 1880 and 1920 has been its tendency to draw large conclusions about the relationship between the political activism of white middle-class women and that of other social groups. Provides a sweeping view of the scope of women's work and makes comparisons across societies and over time. The essays analyze tensions between reformers and clients arising from differences of class, race, ethnicity, and religion.