Moralising Space : The Utopian Urbanism of the British Positivists, 1855-1920

Amidst the soot, stink and splendour of Victorian London, a coterie of citizen-sociologists set out to break up the British Empire. They were the followers of the French philosopher Auguste Comte, a controversial figure who introduced the modern science of sociology and the republican Religion of Humanity. Moralising Space examines how from the 1850s Comte’s British followers practised this science and religion with the aim to create a global network of 500 utopian city-states. Curiously the British Positivists’ work has never been the focus of a full-length study on modern sociology and town planning. In this intellectual history, Matthew Wilson shows that through to the interwar period affiliates to the British Positivist Society – Richard Congreve, Frederic Harrison, Charles Booth, Patrick Geddes and Victor Branford – attempted to realise Comte’s vision. With scarcely used source material Wilson presents the Positivists as an organised resistance to imperialism, industrial exploitation, poverty and despondency. Much to the consternation of the church, state and landed aristocracy they organised urban interventions, led ad hoc sociological surveys and published programmes for realising idyllic city-communities. Effectively this book contributes to our understanding of how Positivism, as a utopian spatial design praxis, heavily influenced twentieth-century architecture and planning. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of Figures Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 1 The Positivist Imagination: Civic Virtue, Sociology and City Design 2 Auguste Comte: Envisioning Utopia 3 Richard Congreve: A Systematic Policy for Imperial Devolution 4 Frederic Harrison: A Social Programme for an Industrial Republic 5 Charles Booth: Positivist Sociology and Limited Socialism 6 Patrick Geddes: A Culture Policy for Garden City-States 7 Victor Branford: City Design, the Third Alternative Conclusion: Altruistic Agencies: Positivism and Modernist Spatial Design Index