Moral Judgement from Childhood to Adolescence (International Library of the Philosophy of Education Volume 5) (International Library of the Philosophy of Education, 5)

Originally published in 1969 this book analyzes the development of moral judgement in children and adolescents. Interviews were held with 360 children aged 7 to 17, with equal numbers of either sex. Original visual devices were planned to elicit judgements in moral areas known to be of universal significance, such as the value of life, cheating, stealing and lying. In addition, analyses of concepts of reciprocity, of the development of conscience and of specificity in moral judgement were derived from the tests. The book inlcudes a critical survey of previous work in this field and places the research in its wider philosophical, psychological and sociological context. Cover......Page 1 Moral judgement from childhood to adolescence......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 12 The contemporary scene......Page 15 A changing society......Page 16 The impact of new knowledge......Page 17 Religion and morality......Page 18 The origin of conscience......Page 19 The relevance of psychology......Page 20 The relevance of sociology......Page 21 The work of Piaget......Page 22 The morality of constraint......Page 23 The morality of co-operation......Page 24 Critique of Piaget......Page 25 The Character Education Enquiry......Page 27 University of Chicago Studies of Values......Page 29 Moral values......Page 30 Moral education......Page 31 Stages of development......Page 33 Levels of judgement......Page 34 Anomy: pre-morality......Page 35 Heteronomy: external morality......Page 36 Socionomy: external-internal morality......Page 37 Autonomy: internal morality......Page 38 Variable factors......Page 40 The home......Page 41 Religious influence......Page 42 Sex differences......Page 44 Intelligence......Page 45 The place of variables......Page 47 Methodology......Page 48 Projection tests......Page 49 Verbalism......Page 51 Constructing visual tests......Page 52 Selection of moral situations......Page 53 Depicting the five moral themes......Page 55 Personal details sheet......Page 56 Pilot testing......Page 57 The final sample......Page 58 Age......Page 59 Socio-economic class......Page 60 Religious class......Page 61 Church attendance......Page 62 The research project......Page 63 The value of life......Page 64 Is saving life instinctive?......Page 65 Anomy and Heteronomy......Page 66 Sympathy and reciprocity......Page 67 Conclusions......Page 78 The nature of reciprocity......Page 84 The Golden Rule......Page 85 The range of reciprocity......Page 86 Reciprocity and conscience......Page 87 The genesis of conscience......Page 88 The super-ego......Page 89 Conscience: a conditioned reflex?......Page 90 Types of conscience......Page 91 Definitions of conscience......Page 92 The development of conscience......Page 98 Factors affecting conscience......Page 100 Cheating......Page 104 Total group scores......Page 118 Girls’ lead in total group scores......Page 122 Comparative findings from the Cheating Test (I)......Page 123 Comparative findings from the Cheating Test (II)......Page 124 Comparison with Piaget’s results: games......Page 125 Comparative Findings from the Cheating Test (III): Games......Page 126 The test situation......Page 128 Stealing: cloakroom......Page 129 The pattern of development......Page 144 Stealing by finding and keeping......Page 145 The pattern of development......Page 150 Comparative Total Scores......Page 151 Lying: 1......Page 154 Lying: 2......Page 155 Telling the truth......Page 156 Definition of a lie......Page 158 Why is lying wrong?......Page 159 Increase in Total Score......Page 168 Lying to children and adults......Page 172 Lying to children and to adults......Page 173 Lying to Parents:—Heteronomy......Page 176 Lying to Parents: 3. Personalistic......Page 177 Lying to Parents: 4. Categories as Percentages......Page 178 Specificity......Page 182 Consistency......Page 183 The legitimacy of lying for a friend......Page 185 Typical responses......Page 186 Approval of telling tales......Page 194 Reciprocity responses in 3 lying situations......Page 195 White lies responses in 3 lying situations......Page 196 The purpose of written tests......Page 200 (A)......Page 201 The development of grouped values......Page 208 Good deeds and bad deeds......Page 209 The Four Universal Vices......Page 211 (C)......Page 215 Subjects Approaching Consistency in Autonomy......Page 220 (D) Vice and Virtue Right or wrong stories......Page 221 What would be fair?......Page 225 Lending property......Page 230 Lending property: Sex differences......Page 231 Responses indicating equity......Page 232 (F)......Page 233 Religious class and religious attitudes: Correlations......Page 236 Methodology......Page 237 Bibliography......Page 246 Index......Page 256 Analyzes the development of moral judgement in children and adolescents. This book includes a critical survey of previous work in this field and places the research in its wider philosophical, psychological and sociological context.