Moral Issues in Business

Contents......Page 5 Preface......Page 10 Introduction......Page 15 Ethics......Page 17 Moral versus Nonmoral Standards......Page 18 Religion and Morality......Page 24 Ethical Relativism......Page 26 Having Moral Principles......Page 28 Morality and Personal Values......Page 31 Individual Integrity and Responsibility......Page 33 Moral Reasoning......Page 37 Study Corner......Page 43 Case 1.1: Made in the U.S.A.-Dumped in Brazil, Africa, Iraq . . .......Page 44 Case 1.2: Just Drop off the Key, Lee......Page 47 Case 1.3: The A7D Affair......Page 49 Reading 1.1: It's Good Business......Page 52 Reading 1.2: Moral Responsibility in the Age of Bureaucracy......Page 60 Introduction......Page 68 Consequentialist and Nonconsequentialist Theories......Page 70 Egoism......Page 71 Utilitarianism......Page 74 Kant's Ethics......Page 80 Other Nonconsequentialist Perspectives......Page 86 Utilitarianism Once More......Page 91 Moral Decision Making: A Practical Approach......Page 93 Study Corner......Page 96 Case 2.1: Hacking into Harvard......Page 97 Case 2.2: The Ford Pinto......Page 99 Case 2.3: Blood for Sale......Page 102 Reading 2.1: One Philosopher's Approach to Business Ethics......Page 104 Reading 2.2: When is "Everybody's Doing It" a Moral Justification?......Page 110 Introduction......Page 119 The Nature of Justice......Page 121 The Utilitarian View......Page 124 The Libertarian Approach......Page 128 Rawls's Theory of Justice......Page 134 Study Corner......Page 142 Case 3.1: Eminent Domain......Page 143 Case 3.2: Battling over Bottled Water......Page 145 Case 3.3: Poverty in America......Page 147 Reading 3.1: Income Distribution......Page 149 Reading 3.2: Is Inheritance Justified?......Page 157 Introduction......Page 164 Capitalism......Page 165 Key Features of Capitalism......Page 168 Two Arguments for Capitalism......Page 171 Criticisms of Capitalism......Page 174 Today's Economic Challenges......Page 182 Study Corner......Page 187 Case 4.1: Catastrophe in Bangladesh......Page 188 Case 4.2: Licensing and Laissez Faire......Page 190 Case 4.3: One Nation under Walmart......Page 193 Case 4.4: A New Work Ethic?......Page 195 Case 4.5: Casino Gambling on Wall Street......Page 196 Case 4.6: Paying College Athletes......Page 198 Reading 4.1: Globalization and Its Discontents......Page 200 Reading 4.2: The Ethics of Corporate Downsizing......Page 204 Reading 4.3: Buddhist Economics......Page 211 Introduction......Page 216 The Limited-Liability Company......Page 217 Corporate Moral Agency......Page 220 Rival Views of Corporate Responsibility......Page 223 Debating Corporate Responsibility......Page 230 Institutionalizing Ethics within Corporations......Page 235 Study Corner......Page 241 Case 5.1: Yahoo in China......Page 242 Case 5.2: Drug Dilemmas......Page 244 Case 5.3: Free Speech or False Advertising?......Page 246 Case 5.4: Corporations and Religious Faith......Page 248 Case 5.5: Charity to Scouts?......Page 249 Case 5.6: Corporate Taxation......Page 251 Reading 5.1: The Toxic Side Effects of Shareholder Primacy......Page 253 Reading 5.2: A Debate on the Social Responsibility of Business......Page 258 Reading 5.3: Business Ethics: On Getting to the Heart of the Matter......Page 266 Reading 5.4: Ethical Dilemmas for Multinational Enterprise: A Philosophical Overview......Page 272 Introduction......Page 276 Product Safety......Page 278 Other Areas of Business Responsibility......Page 289 Deception and Unfairness in Advertising......Page 297 The Debate over Advertising......Page 306 Study Corner......Page 310 Case 6.1: Breast Implants......Page 311 Case 6.2: Hot Coffee at McDonald's......Page 313 Case 6.3: Sniffing Glue Could Snuff Profits......Page 314 Case 6.4: Closing the Deal......Page 316 Case 6.5: The Rise and Fall of Four Loko......Page 318 Reading 6.1: The Ethics of Sales......Page 320 Reading 6.2: The Inconclusive Ethical Case against Manipulative Advertising......Page 328 Reading 6.3: Why Do We Consume So Much?......Page 338 Introduction......Page 345 Business and Ecology......Page 348 The Ethics of Environmental Protection......Page 351 Achieving Our Environmental Goals......Page 357 Delving Deeper into Environmental Ethics......Page 361 Study Corner......Page 369 Case 7.1: Hazardous Homes in Herculaneum......Page 370 Case 7.2: Poverty and Pollution......Page 372 Case 7.3: The Fordasaurus......Page 374 Case 7.4: The Fight over the Redwoods......Page 375 Case 7.5: Palm Oil and Its Problems......Page 378 Reading 7.1: The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues......Page 380 Reading 7.2: Business and Environmental Ethics......Page 386 Introduction......Page 393 Civil Liberties in the Workplace......Page 394 Hiring......Page 399 Promotions......Page 405 Discipline and Discharge......Page 407 Wages......Page 410 Labor Unions......Page 414 Study Corner......Page 422 Case 8.1: AIDS in the Workplace......Page 423 Case 8.2: Web Porn at Work......Page 425 Case 8.3: Speaking out about Malt......Page 426 Case 8.4: Have Gun, Will Travel . . . to Work......Page 427 Case 8.5: Union Discrimination......Page 429 Reading 8.1: Employment at Will and Due Process......Page 431 Reading 8.2: The Libertarian Critique of Labor Unions......Page 436 Reading 8.3: The Meaning and Value of Work......Page 442 Introduction......Page 448 Organizational Influence in Private Lives......Page 449 Testing and Monitoring......Page 454 Working Conditions......Page 459 Redesigning Work......Page 467 Study Corner......Page 471 Case 9.1: Unprofessional Conduct?......Page 472 Case 9.2: Testing for Honesty......Page 473 Case 9.3: She Snoops to Conquer......Page 476 Case 9.4: Protecting the Unborn at Work......Page 477 Case 9.5: Swedish Daddies......Page 480 Reading 9.1: Drug Testing in Employment......Page 482 Reading 9.2: Work, Privacy, and Autonomy......Page 487 Reading 9.3: Workplace Wars: How Much Should I Be Required to Meet the Needs of Your Children?......Page 494 Reading 9.4: Participation in Employment......Page 500 Introduction......Page 507 Obligations to the Firm......Page 508 Abuse of Official Position......Page 512 Bribes and Kickbacks......Page 517 Gifts and Entertainment......Page 521 Conflicting Obligations......Page 523 Whistle-Blowing......Page 526 Self-Interest and Moral Obligation......Page 530 Study Corner......Page 534 Case 10.1: Changing Jobs and Changing Loyalties......Page 535 Case 10.2: Conflicting Perspectives on Conflicts of Interest......Page 536 Case 10.3: Inside Traders or Astute Observers?......Page 537 Case 10.4: The Housing Allowance......Page 539 Case 10.5: Ethically Dubious Conduct......Page 540 Reading 10.1: Does It Make Sense to Be a Loyal Employee?......Page 542 Reading 10.2: Analyzing Insider Trading from the Perspectives of Utilitarianism and Rights Theory......Page 547 Reading 10.3: Foreign Corrupt Practices: How to Deal with Foreign Forms of Bribery......Page 555 Reading 10.4: Some Paradoxes of Whistleblowing......Page 565 Introduction......Page 572 The Meaning of Job Discrimination......Page 574 Evidence of Discrimination......Page 576 Affirmative Action: The Legal Context......Page 580 Affirmative Action: The Moral Issues......Page 585 Comparable Worth......Page 588 Sexual Harassment......Page 590 Study Corner......Page 594 Case 11.1: Minority Set-Asides......Page 595 Case 11.2: Hoop Dreams......Page 597 Case 11.3: Raising the Ante......Page 598 Case 11.4: Consenting to Sexual Harassment......Page 600 Case 11.5: Facial Discrimination......Page 602 Reading 11.1: A Defense of Programs of Preferential Treatment......Page 603 Reading 11.2: Rethinking Sexual Harassment......Page 608 Reading 11.3: Job Discrimination and Gay Rights......Page 615 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 622 Notes......Page 626 Index......Page 645