Moral Injury and Nonviolent Resistance : Breaking the Cycle of Violence in the Military and Behind Bars

In this thoughtful book culled from a wide range of experiences, Alice and Staughton Lynd introduce readers to what modern clinicians, philosophers, and theologians have attempted to describe as “moral injury.” From combat veterans of America’s foreign wars to Israeli refuseniks, and from “hardened” criminals in supermax confinement in Ohio to hunger strikers in California’s Pelican Bay prison, the Lynds give us the voices of those breaking the cycle of moral injury with courageous acts of nonviolent resistance. Front Cover......Page 1 Praise......Page 2 Title Page......Page 8 Copyright......Page 9 Dedication......Page 10 Contents......Page 12 Moral Injury......Page 16 Brian Willson......Page 17 Rory Fanning......Page 18 Todd Ashker......Page 19 In the Military......Page 20 Behind Bars......Page 23 This Book......Page 25 Acknowledgments......Page 29 Part I. In the Military......Page 30 The Nature of Moral Injury......Page 32 What Causes Moral Injury?......Page 37 What Are the Consequences of Moral Injury?......Page 41 What Is Needed?......Page 46 Jeremy Hinzman, during Basic Training......Page 48 Geoffrey Millard, Briefing on the Way to Iraq......Page 49 Geoffrey Millard, in Iraq......Page 50 Camilo Mejía, in and after Iraq......Page 51 Chapter 2. International Law......Page 54 Crimes Against Peace, War Crimes, and Crimes Against Humanity......Page 55 Kellogg-Briand Pact......Page 56 Treaty of London and Charter of the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Principles)......Page 57 Geneva Conventions and Protocols......Page 60 Convention Against Torture......Page 63 International Criminal Court......Page 66 Customary International Humanitarian Law: Distinction and Proportionality......Page 67 “Just War” Principles......Page 69 Basis for Conscientious Objection in International Declarations......Page 72 International Norms and Standards Pertaining to Conscientious Objectors......Page 73 Asylum for refugees......Page 74 Andre Lawrence Shepherd—European Union......Page 75 Conclusion......Page 77 Conscientious Objection: Statutory Provisions and Legal Interpretations......Page 78 Religious Training and Belief......Page 79 Participation in War in Any Form......Page 80 Sincerity......Page 81 Criteria......Page 82 Late Crystallization of Belief......Page 83 Assignment to Noncombatant Service......Page 84 Veterans for Peace......Page 87 Torture by the United States......Page 89 Chapter 4. Israel......Page 92 Violations of Internationally Recognized Human Rights......Page 94 Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment......Page 96 Arbitrary Arrest or Detention......Page 99 Proportionality and the Dahiya Doctrine......Page 101 Exemption from Military Service for Reasons of Religious Conviction......Page 102 Israel’s Policy on Selective Conscientious Objection......Page 104 Refuseniks......Page 105 Yuval Ophir-Auron......Page 106 Combatants’ Letter......Page 107 Pilots’ Letter......Page 108 Maya Wind......Page 109 Danielle Yaor......Page 110 Unit 8200 Letter......Page 111 Unit 8200 Testimonies......Page 112 Breaking the Silence......Page 115 Shachar Berrin......Page 116 Part II. Behind Bars......Page 118 Chapter 5. Moral Injury among Prisoners......Page 120 Frameworks of Understanding......Page 122 An Unbridgeable Divide?......Page 123 George Skatzes......Page 125 Convict Race at Lucasville......Page 129 Chapter 6. Confronting Solitary Confinement in Ohio and Illinois......Page 132 Beginnings......Page 133 Making Decisions about the Case......Page 136 Hunger Strikes......Page 137 What Was Won in Ohio......Page 138 Tamms......Page 139 Some Individual Stories......Page 140 Conditions of Confinement at Menard......Page 141 Reasons for Placement in Administrative Detention......Page 142 Demonstration by Supporters......Page 144 Windows Covered......Page 145 Special Response Team (a/k/a Orange Crush)......Page 146 A New Procedure......Page 148 2015 Hunger Strike......Page 149 Incarcerated Lives Matter......Page 152 Pelican Bay......Page 154 Todd Ashker......Page 156 The Ideology of the Hunger Fasts......Page 157 The Agreement to End Hostilities......Page 160 The Civil Rights Movement......Page 164 Montgomery......Page 165 The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee......Page 166 Selma......Page 167 The Right to Strike......Page 169 One Issue at a Time......Page 171 $15 an Hour......Page 173 Accompanying......Page 174 Both Victims and Executioners......Page 176 Individuals and Collective Action......Page 177 Breaking the Cycle of Violence......Page 178 Index......Page 182