Monuments, Empires, and Resistance: The Araucanian Polity and Ritual Narratives (Cambridge Studies in Archaeology)

From AD 1550 to 1850, the Araucanian polity in southern Chile was a center of political resistance to the intruding Spanish empire. In this 2007 book, Tom D. Dillehay examines the resistance strategies of the Araucanians and how they used mound building and other sacred monuments to reorganize their political and culture life in order to unite against the Spanish. Drawing on anthropological research conducted over three decades, Dillehay focuses on the development of leadership, shamanism, ritual, and power relations. His study combines developments in social theory with the archaeological, ethnographic, and historical records. Both theoretically and empirically informed, this book is a fascinating account of the only indigenous ethnic group to successfully resist outsiders for more than three centuries and to flourish under these conditions. Half-title......Page 3 Series-title......Page 5 Title......Page 7 Copyright......Page 8 Dedication......Page 9 Contents......Page 11 Figures......Page 15 Preface......Page 19 Introduction......Page 23 Thematic Organization of the Book......Page 33 Part One Prospects and patterns......Page 35 One: Purposes, settings, and definitions......Page 37 Setting the Historical Background: Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries......Page 46 The Archaeology of Mound Building......Page 50 Ethnohistory and the Araucanian Estado......Page 52 Ethnography and Sacred Geographies......Page 60 Uniting the Archaeologicaland Textual Past and the Ethnographic Present......Page 62 The Utopic Polity......Page 67 Epilogue......Page 73 Two: Shaping analogical and conceptual perspectives......Page 75 Analogical Reasoning......Page 78 Concepts Useful to Understanding the Araucanian Case......Page 88 Approaches to Space, Place, and Landscape......Page 97 Ritual Healing Narratives and Recollective Memories......Page 99 Conclusion......Page 102 Three: Araucanian prehistory and history: old biases and new views......Page 103 Previous Ideas about Araucanian History and Identity......Page 106 Archaeological Voices......Page 113 First Mound Encounters......Page 115 Archaeological Evidence for the Origins of Araucanian Culture......Page 118 Becoming Andean: Andean, Inka, and Araucanian Interaction......Page 120 Ethnohistorical Voice......Page 137 Political and Demographic Configurations......Page 148 Linking Kuel Archaeology, Ethno history, and Ethnography......Page 161 Conclusions......Page 172 Four: Imbricating social, material, metaphorical, and spiritual worlds......Page 175 Ancestral Knowledge and Tradition......Page 177 Space and Religion as Knowledge......Page 178 Illness, Death, and Therapeutic Places......Page 179 Ancestors and Deities......Page 180 Conjunction of Ethereal and Physical Spaces......Page 183 Machi Shamans: Mediators of Ancestral Knowledge and Healing Experience......Page 189 Concepts of Time, Space, Creation Narratives, and Knowledge......Page 193 The Ceremonial Meeting of Wenumapu and Nag Mapu Worlds......Page 200 Awun(Awn)......Page 202 Nguillatun......Page 204 The Cherquenco Nguillatun......Page 205 Internal Layout and ActivityStructure of Nguillatun Space......Page 208 Spatiality of Ritual Intercessors: Nguillatufe and Machi......Page 210 Iconographic Symbols of Ritual Spaces......Page 214 Natural Symbolism and Ecological Trophic Order......Page 216 Continuity from Past to Present in Rehue, Kuel, Rehuekuel, and Nguillatun Fields......Page 220 Andean Continuity in Ceremonial Space as Embedded in the Trophic Socio-spatial Order......Page 228 Cosmunities and Conclusions......Page 233 Ethnographic Teachings......Page 238 Naming and Knowing Kuel......Page 239 Kuel Functions......Page 246 The Priestly Shamanor Machi and the Kuel: Exchanging Identities and Transposing Histories......Page 251 The Hualonkokuel Llaimatun and Lonkotun Rituals......Page 256 TrenTrenkuel Narrative......Page 266 Postceremony Conversations with Machi Juanita and Lucinda......Page 279 Ethnographic Descriptions by Other Informants......Page 283 Analytical Meaning and Perspective......Page 289 Kuel, Machi, and the Spirit World......Page 292 Knowledge, Kuel, and Mound Literacy or Nauchi......Page 294 Six: An archaeological view of kuel and rehuekuel......Page 297 General Archaeological Objectives, Methods, and Findings to Date......Page 298 Kuel and Rehuekuel......Page 301 Domestic Sites......Page 322 Agricultural Canals and Raised Fields......Page 324 Fortresses......Page 325 Population Estimates......Page 326 Settlement and Other Patterns......Page 328 Summary and Discussion......Page 333 Analytical Perspectives on Araucanian Monumentalism......Page 340 History, Landscape, and Meaning......Page 342 Volcanoes, Mountains, Mounds, Nodalities, and Topographic Pathways......Page 343 Bounded and Holistic Monumentalism......Page 347 Analytical Classification of Araucanian Monuments......Page 349 Discussion......Page 351 Part Two Analysis and interpretation......Page 355 Seven: Contact, fragmentation, and recruitment and the rehuekuel......Page 357 Indigenous Political and Religious Structures: Leaders and Venues......Page 359 Power Venues and Leadership Action......Page 367 Political Effects of Population Fragmentation: Recruitment and Annexation......Page 376 Lasting Outcomes of Recruitment and Adoption: Compatriotism, Political Unity, and Ritual Feasting......Page 382 Reflections......Page 386 Epilogue......Page 390 Eight: Recursiveness, kinship geographies, and polity......Page 392 Becoming Andean and Inka......Page 395 Spatializing Gatherings at and between Rehuekuel for Ayllarehue......Page 397 Nauchi: Mound Literacy and the Social Working of Rehuekuel......Page 403 Identities, Compatriots, and Ayllarehue......Page 408 Memory and Perpetuity......Page 413 Back to the Future: The Confederated Utopic Locality–a Heterotopic Entity......Page 416 Nine: Epilogue......Page 420 A Wide-Angle View of Mounds......Page 424 Effective Recursiveness......Page 428 Timelessness of Mapuche Landscapes......Page 430 Hualonkokuel Narrative......Page 433 Tren Trenkuel Narrative by Machi Lucinda......Page 469 Appendix Two......Page 487 References Cited......Page 491 Index......Page 503 ISBN-13: 9780521872621 Half-title 3 Series-title 5 Title 7 Copyright 8 Dedication 9 Contents 11 Figures 15 Preface 19 Introduction 23 Thematic Organization of the Book 33 Part One Prospects and patterns 35 One: Purposes, settings, and definitions 37 Setting the Historical Background: Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries 46 Scholarly Research 50 The Archaeology of Mound Building 50 Ethnohistory and the Araucanian Estado 52 Ethnography and Sacred Geographies 60 Uniting the Archaeologicaland Textual Past and the Ethnographic Present 62 The Utopic Polity 67 Epilogue 73 Two: Shaping analogical and conceptual perspectives 75 Analogical Reasoning 78 Concepts Useful to Understanding the Araucanian Case 88 Approaches to Space, Place, and Landscape 97 Ritual Healing Narratives and Recollective Memories 99 Conclusion 102 Three: Araucanian prehistory and history: old biases and new views 103 Previous Ideas about Araucanian History and Identity 106 Archaeological Voices 113 First Mound Encounters 115 Archaeological Evidence for the Origins of Araucanian Culture 118 Becoming Andean: Andean, Inka, and Araucanian Interaction 120 Ethnohistorical Voice 137 Political and Demographic Configurations 148 Linking Kuel Archaeology, Ethno history, and Ethnography 161 Conclusions 172 Four: Imbricating social, material, metaphorical, and spiritual worlds 175 Ancestral Knowledge and Tradition 177 Space and Religion as Knowledge 178 Illness, Death, and Therapeutic Places 179 Ancestors and Deities 180 Conjunction of Ethereal and Physical Spaces 183 Machi Shamans: Mediators of Ancestral Knowledge and Healing Experience 189 Concepts of Time, Space, Creation Narratives, and Knowledge 193 The Ceremonial Meeting of Wenumapu and Nag Mapu Worlds 200 Awun(Awn) 202 Winkulkueltun and Kueltun 204 Nguillatun 204 The Cherquenco Nguillatun 205 Internal Layout and ActivityStructure of Nguillatun Space 208 Spatiality of Ritual Intercessors: Nguillatufe and Machi 210 Iconographic Symbols of Ritual Spaces 214 Natural Symbolism and Ecological Trophic Order 216 Continuity from Past to Present in Rehue, Kuel, Rehuekuel, and Nguillatun Fields 220 Andean Continuity in Ceremonial Space as Embedded in the Trophic Socio-spatial Order 228 Cosmunities and Conclusions 233 Five: The ethnographies of kuel, narratives, and communities 238 Ethnographic Teachings 238 Naming and Knowing Kuel 239 Kuel Functions 246 The Priestly Shamanor Machi and the Kuel: Exchanging Identities and Transposing Histories 251 The Hualonkokuel Llaimatun and Lonkotun Rituals 256 TrenTrenkuel Narrative 266 Postceremony Conversations with Machi Juanita and Lucinda 279 Ethnographic Descriptions by Other Informants 283 Analytical Meaning and Perspective 289 Kuel, Machi, and the Spirit World 292 Knowledge, Kuel, and Mound Literacy or Nauchi 294 Six: An archaeological view of kuel and rehuekuel 297 General Archaeological Objectives, Methods, and Findings to Date 298 Kuel and Rehuekuel 301 Domestic Sites 322 Agricultural Canals and Raised Fields 324 Fortresses 325 Population Estimates 326 Settlement and Other Patterns 328 Summary and Discussion 333 Analytical Perspectives on Araucanian Monumentalism 340 History, Landscape, and Meaning 342 Volcanoes, Mountains, Mounds, Nodalities, and Topographic Pathways 343 Bounded and Holistic Monumentalism 347 Analytical Classification of Araucanian Monuments 349 Discussion 351 Part Two Analysis and interpretation 355 Seven: Contact, fragmentation, and recruitment and the rehuekuel 357 Indigenous Political and Religious Structures: Leaders and Venues 359 Power Venues and Leadership Action 367 Political Effects of Population Fragmentation: Recruitment and Annexation 376 Lasting Outcomes of Recruitment and Adoption: Compatriotism, Political Unity, and Ritual Feasting 382 Reflections 386 Epilogue 390 Eight: Recursiveness, kinship geographies, and polity 392 Becoming Andean and Inka 395 Spatializing Gatherings at and between Rehuekuel for Ayllarehue 397 Nauchi: Mound Literacy and the Social Working of Rehuekuel 403 Identities, Compatriots, and Ayllarehue 408 Memory and Perpetuity 413 Back to the Future: The Confederated Utopic Locality–a Heterotopic Entity 416 Nine: Epilogue 420 A Wide-Angle View of Mounds 424 Effective Recursiveness 428 Timelessness of Mapuche Landscapes 430 Appendix One: Ethnographic ritual narratives at hualonkokuel and trentrenkuel 433 Hualonkokuel Narrative 433 Tren Trenkuel Narrative by Machi Lucinda 469 Appendix Two 487 References Cited 491 Index 503 From 1550 To 1850, The Araucanian Polity In Southern Chile Was A Center Of Political Resistance To The Intruding Spanish Empire. In This Book, Tom D. Dillehay Examines The Resistance Strategies Of The Araucanians And How They Incorporated Andean Knowledge And Used Mounds And Other Sacred Monuments To Reorganize Their Political And Cultural Life In Order To Unite Against The Spanish. Drawing On Anthropological Research Conducted Over Three Decades, Dillehay Focuses On The Development Of Leadership, Shamanism, Ritual Landscapes, And Power Relations And On How Healing Ceremonies Performed At Actively Used Mounds Today Give Meaning To The Past And Reveal The Social And Cosmological Principles By Which The Araucanians Have Organized Their Society. His Study Combines Recent Developments In Social Theory With The Archaeological, Ethnographic, And Historical Records. Monuments, Empires, And Resistance Is An Indispensable Text For All Archaeologists Interested In The Social, Ideological, And Demographic Processes That Construct And Maintain Mound Building And Mound Worship In The Past. This Book Details For The First Time Ethnographic Ritual Narratives That Reveal The Kin Relations Between Mounds And Living Shamans. Dillehay Illuminates These Complex Processes And The Changing Consciousness Of The People Who Built And Live With The Mounds.--book Jacket. Tom D. Dillehay. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 469-480) And Index.

From AD 1550 to 1850, the Araucanian polity in southern Chile was a center of political resistance to the intruding Spanish empire. In this book, Tom D. Dillehay examines the resistance strategies of the Araucanians and how they used mound building and other sacred monuments to reorganize their political and culture life in order to unite against the Spanish. Drawing on anthropological research conducted over three decades, Dillehay focuses on the development of leadership, shamanism, ritual, and power relations.

Drawing on anthropological research conducted over three decades, this book examines the resistance strategies of the Araucanians to unite against the Spanish. Both theoretically and empirically informed, this fascinating account will be welcomed by students and scholars interested in the colonial history and ethnography of South America and colonial archaeology. Cambridge Studies in Archaeology is a major new book series that aims to showcase the very best in contemporary archaeological scholarship. Reflecting the wide diversity and vigour of archaeology as an intellectual discipline, the series covers all region Both theoretically and empirically informed, this book provides an account of the only indigenous ethnic group to successfully resist outsiders for more than three centuries and to flourish under these conditions