Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens: Monitoring Lichens - Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Lichen Monitoring, Wales, United ... 2000 (Nato Science Series: IV: Book 7)

A comprehensive, up-to-date review of lichens as biomonitors of air pollution (bioindication, metal and radionuclide accumulation, biomarkers), and as monitors of environmental change (including global climate change and biodiversity loss) in a wide array of terrestrial habitats. Several methods for using lichens as biomonitors are described in a special section of the book. Front Matter....Pages i-ix Monitoring with Lichens — Monitoring Lichens....Pages 1-4 Front Matter....Pages 5-5 Monitoring Lichens as Indicators of Pollution....Pages 7-10 Bioindication: Calibrated Scales and Their Utility....Pages 11-20 Bioindication: The I.A.P. Approach....Pages 21-37 Bioindication: The Community Approach....Pages 39-64 Accumulation of Inorganic Contaminants....Pages 65-84 Lichens as Monitors of Radioelements....Pages 85-96 Biomarkers of Pollution-Induced Oxidative Stress and Membrane Damage in Lichens....Pages 97-110 Key Issues in Designing Biomonitoring Programmes....Pages 111-139 Front Matter....Pages 141-141 Monitoring Lichen Diversity and Ecosystem Function....Pages 143-145 Methods for Monitoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function....Pages 147-162 Monitoring Lichens for Conservation: Red Lists and Conservation Action Plans....Pages 163-181 Lichen Monitoring and Climate Change....Pages 183-201 Monitoring Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function: Forests....Pages 203-222 Monitoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Grasslands, Deserts, and Steppe....Pages 223-237 Monitoring Lichens on Monuments....Pages 239-253 Monitoring Maritime Habitats....Pages 255-266 Front Matter....Pages 267-403 Methods for Monitoring Lichens....Pages 269-272 Mapping Lichen Diversity as an Indicator of Environmental Quality....Pages 273-279 Identifying Deviations from Naturality of Lichen Diversity for Bioindication Purposes....Pages 281-284 Front Matter....Pages 267-403 Epiphytes on Wayside Trees as an Indicator of Eutrophication in The Netherlands....Pages 285-289 Using Lichens on Twigs to Assess Changes in Ambient Atmospheric Conditions....Pages 291-294 Guidelines for the Use of Epiphytic Lichens as Biomonitors of Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Elements....Pages 295-299 Transplanted Lichens for Bioaccumulation Studies....Pages 301-304 Sample Preparation of Lichens for Elemental Analysis....Pages 305-309 Sulphur Isotopes in Lichens as Indicators of Sources....Pages 311-315 Estimation of Critical Levels of Air Pollution (Metals) on the Basis of Field Study of Epiphytic Lichen Communities....Pages 317-321 Monitoring Physiological Change in Lichens: Total Chlorophyll Content and Chlorophyll Degradation....Pages 323-326 Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements in the Field: Assessment of the Vitality of Large Numbers of Lichen Thalli....Pages 327-332 Measuring Bark pH....Pages 333-336 A Photographic Quadrat Recording Method Employing Image Analysis of Lichens as an Indicator of Environmental Change....Pages 337-341 Site Assessment of Epiphytic Habitats Using Lichen Indices....Pages 343-348 Indicator Species — Restricted Taxa Approach in Coniferous and Hardwood Forests of Northeastern America....Pages 349-352 Monitoring Regional Status and Trends in Forest Health with Lichen Communities: The United States Forest Service Approach....Pages 353-357 Biodiversity Assessment Tools — Lichens....Pages 359-365 Using Lichens and Bryophytes to Evaluate the Effects of Silvicultural Practices in Tasmanian Wet Eucalypt Forest....Pages 367-371 Using Corticolous Lichens of Tropical Forests to Assess Environmental Changes....Pages 373-378 Lichenometry....Pages 379-383 Transplanting Lichen Fragments for Provenance-Clone Tests....Pages 385-390 Assessing Changes in Density and Condition of Lichens for Species Recovery Programmes....Pages 391-393 Front Matter....Pages 267-403 Monitoring Red-Listed Lichens Using Permanent Plots....Pages 395-398 A Method for Detecting Large-Scale Environmental Change with Lichens....Pages 399-403 Back Matter....Pages 405-408 Organisms are increasingly being used to assess environmental impacts on ecosystems. Lichens are among the best known, most widely used biomonitors of environmental change, with thousands of papers published on this subject in the last decades. The present book provides the most recent synthesis on this subject. It is divided into three sections: (1) Monitoring lichens as indicators of pollution; (2) monitoring lichen diversity and ecosystem function; and (3) methods for monitoring lichens. The first two sections present the state of the art in the respective fields, while the third briefly presents the methods currently used in lichen biomonitoring. Sampling design, sampling strategy, and data quality evaluation are dealt with in detail in two chapters. The first section reviews the huge body of knowledge of lichens as indicators of air pollution, including bioindication, accumulation of metals and radioelements, and the use of lichens as biomarkers. The second section covers an array of approaches to monitoring lichen biodiversity and ecosystem function, from focusing on one or a few species to monitoring the biodiversity of lichens across whole regions in terms of lichen abundance, diversity, and/or community composition. The third section presents methods for monitoring lichens, written as experimental protocols for use in other situations where monitoring is required. Readership: A wide spectrum of users in fields such as education, environmental management, forestry, biodiversity research. A comprehensive, up-to-date review of lichen monitoring, and an aid in identifying problems and pragmatic approaches to the assessment of biodiversity and environmental quality. Organisms are increasingly being used to assess environmental impacts on ecosystems. Lichens are among the best known, most widely used biomonitors of environmental change. This book examines the use of lichens as biomonitors Erasmus Darwin observed how lichens failed to grow near Copper Smelters at Parys Mountain in Wales over 200 years ago. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Lichen Monitoring, Wales, United Kingdom, 16-23 August 2000