حکمت مالی: تأثیر آرزوهای مالی بر تصمیم‌گیری

Globalization creates economic prosperity for citizens around the world. It changes people’s deep-rooted attitudes, values, and behavioral patterns. Editor Thomas Li-Ping Tang is the first to scientifically capture the meaning of money and coin the contemporary love of money construct. Ardent monetary aspirations involve affective, behavioral, and cognitive subconstructs. Monetary Wisdom: Monetary Aspirations Impact Decision-Making bridges the gaps between behavioral economics, business ethics, decision-making, and the psychology of money. It compiles research from world-renowned experts in 37 countries across 6 continents. This book presents an excellent collection of innovative and multicultural views. Monetary Wisdom investigates how individuals apply monetary aspirations as a lens, frame critical concerns at the proximal and omnibus contexts, and maximize expected utility and ultimate serenity at the individual, organizational, and global levels. The books’ practical implications help readers apply and enjoy these discoveries’ benefits. Inspires readers to learn one of the world’s most often used money attitude measures Notices that, in modern societies, money is power at the individual level Suggests that monetary aspirations (not money itself) predict cheating Profiles that reducing stress curbs dishonesty directly and indirectly Illustrates that leaders promote employees’ honesty and creativity Reveals how corruption expands prospect theory to a global level Explores the contexts to achieve balanced aspirations and serenity Front Cover Monetary Wisdom: Monetary Aspirations Impact Decision-Making Copyright Contents Contributors Acknowledgment and Dedication Introduction: Monetary wisdom: Crafting an inspirational, memorable, and practical theory and telling an interest ... Monetary Wisdom: A definition Connecting a rigorous scientific mind and a creative artistic brain Basic constructs The theoretical background of money and the meaning of money Behavioral economics and Monetary Wisdom Four types of measurement scales When money talks, everyone listens Measuring the attitude toward money Incorporate contextualization Becoming choice architects and ethical and moral decision-makers Developing an inspirational, memorable, and practical theory Time is money Neural ballet References Section A: Money, monetary values, and motivation Chapter 1: Money is power: The love of money and materialism among Czech university students* Theory and hypotheses Materialism Temptation Money attitude and love of money Monetary wisdom Monetary wisdom and materialism College major Gender Method Participants Measurement Results Descriptive results Confirmatory factor analysis The love of money measure The material values scale (materialism scale) Common method variance Monetary Wisdom (MW) with two factors of materialism Modified MW with two indicators of factor success (materialism) Modified MW across college majors Modified MW across genders Discussion Theoretical contributions Empirical contributions Practical contributions How does money make people happy? Limitations Conclusion Appendix A Scales and items in the theoretical model of Monetary Wisdom (MW) The Love of Money Scale (money ethic scale) The Material Value Scale (Materialism) References Chapter 2: Are you satisfied with your pay when you compare? It depends on your love of money, pay comparison standards, ... Introduction Theory and hypotheses The love of money Equity comparison Income and pay equity comparison satisfaction Across cultures: The US vs. Spain Income and the love of money The love of money and the pay equity comparisons standards The pay equity comparisons standards and the pay equity comparison satisfaction Method Participants Measures Results Step 1: Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) Step 2: Structural equation modeling (SEM) results The whole sample The US sample The Spanish sample Discussion Conclusion References Section B: Monetary values, temptation, and dark consequences Chapter 3: Falling or not falling into temptation? Multiple faces of temptation, monetary wisdom, and unethical intention ... Theory and hypotheses Temptation: Construct conceptualization Relationships between constructs and measures (reflective vs. formative) Unethical behavior intentions Temptation to unethical behaviors Monetary Wisdom (MW) Monetary Wisdom (MW) as a mediator Gender Method Results The Temptation scale (reflective vs. formative) Measurement invariance Common method variance (CMV) Our theoretical model Reflective model Formative model Discussion Theoretical contributions Empirical contributions Practical and actionable implications Limitations Conclusion Appendix The temptation scale Antecedents of temptation Monetary Wisdom (MW) Affective motive of money The behavioral stewardship of money Cognitive meaning of money Machiavellianism Unethical behavior intentions (PUB) References Chapter 4: Temptation, monetary wisdom (the love of money attitudes), and environmental context on unethical intentions a ... Theory and hypotheses Study 1 Temptation Unethical behavior intentions The temptation to unethical behaviors (path 1) Monetary Wisdom (MW) Monetary Wisdom (MW) as a mediator Culture Method Results The temptation scale (reflective vs. formative) Our theoretical model Study 2 Experiment 1 Method Results Experiment 2 Method Results Comparisons of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 Discussion Theoretical contributions Empirical contributions Practical and actionable implications Limitations Conclusion Appendix Temptation References Chapter 5: Avaricious justice-seeking dishonesty-Aspiration, dissatisfaction, and low transparency incite cheating: The d ... Introduction Theory and hypotheses Prospect theory Attitude toward money Priming experiments Avaricious monetary aspiration Pay satisfaction Dishonesty-cheating Transparency Open public classrooms vs. opaque private cubicles Age and gender Methods Participants Transparency (open classrooms vs. private cubicles) In Phase 1 In Phase 2 Manipulation of pay satisfaction Part A Part B Avaricious monetary aspiration Manipulation checks Results Baseline performance Manipulation checks Self-reported pay-for-performance ANOVA (Phase 1 vs. Phase 2) Phase 2 ANCOVA (2x2x2) Money at stake Discussion Theoretical contribution Practical contribution Limitation The COVID-19 pandemic Conclusion References Chapter 6: Theory of monetary wisdom: Money attitudes predict religious values, making money, making ethical decisions, a ... Theory and hypotheses The teaching of business ethics The bright side The dark side Monetary wisdom Making money vs. making ethical decisions Religiosity and the Ten Commandments Monetary intelligence, materialism, emotional intelligence, and academic performance Methods Participants Procedures and measures Results Confirmatory factor analysis Common method variance (CMV) Step 1 Course work Personal values Step 2 Course work Personal values Time 1 vs. Time 2 Step 3 Intrinsic religiosity and the Ten Commandments Ethical decision-making and final course grade Discussion Theoretical contributions Empirical implications Practical implications Limitations Conclusion Appendix Ardent Monetary Aspirations I. Affective Love of Money Motive II. The Stewardship Behaviorf III. Cognitive Meaning of Money References Chapter 7: Is the love of money the root of all evils? Income, the love of money, pay satisfaction, commitment, and uneth ... Theory and hypotheses The love of money to evils (unethical behavior) Money (income) to evils (unethical behavior) Income to the love of money The love of money to pay satisfaction Pay satisfaction to organizational commitment to unethical behavior Job changes Methods Hong Kong Participants Measure The love of money scale The Evil scale Income Data analysis Results Descriptive statistics Step 1: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of all measures Step 2: Testing the model using SEM Discussion Appendix A. Items of the love of money scale (LOMS) References Chapter 8: Intelligence vs. wisdom: Does ethics intervention enhance learning and virtue? Money, the love of money, Machi ... Theory and hypotheses The efficacy of business ethics training Our theoretical model The love of money Unethical behavior Machiavellianism Income Moderator Across college majors (business vs. psychology) Across genders Methods Background for the research site Procedure Measures Definition (intelligence vs. wisdom) Results Harmans single-factor test (step 1) Measurement model (step 2) The effect of a single unmeasured latent method factor (step 3) Effects of ethics intervention on unethical behavioral intentions Discussion Theoretical contribution Practical implications Limitation Future research Conclusion Appendix References Chapter 9: Behavioral economics and Monetary Wisdom: The Enron Effect-Love of money, Corporate Ethical Values, Corruption ... Theory and hypotheses Money and money attitude Money and its meaning The love of money (LOM) Dishonesty The love of money and dishonesty Corporate Ethical Values (CEV, Level 1) Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI (Level 2) High CPI entities Low CPI entities Methods Sample and procedure Measures LOM CEV Dishonesty CPI Analysis Results Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results Measurement invariance Common method variance bias (CMV) Cross-level analysis Cross-level, three-way interaction effect Magnitude Intensity Discussion Theoretical implications Empirical contributions Practical implications The Enron Effect Limitations Conclusion References Chapter 10: Behavioral economics and monetary wisdom: A cross-level analysis of monetary aspiration, pay (dis)satisfactio ... Introduction Theory and hypothesis Prospect theory Avaricious monetary aspiration Corruption (dishonesty) Monetary wisdom-Avaricious monetary aspiration and dishonesty Research findings Monetary wisdom: Definition Pay satisfaction and pay dissatisfaction Transparency-High vs. low probability of risk in the environmental context The three CPI contexts Methods Procedure and participants Measures Results Cross-level analysis Results of three CPI groups Three-dimensional visualization Discussion Theoretical contributions Empirical contributions Practical implications The COVID-19 pandemic implications Limitations Conclusion References Section C: Leadership, creativity, and honesty Chapter 11: Do leader and member perceptions of the LMX excite member creativity? The mediating role of employee positive ... Theoretical background and hypothesesa LMX and employee creativity Positive emotion as a mediator Methods Participants, setting, and procedureb Measures Leader-member exchange (LMX) Positive emotion Employee creativity Control variables Results Dimensionality and distinctiveness Common method variance Hypothesis testing Discussion Theoretical implications Practical implications Limitations and directions for future research Conclusion References Chapter 12: Love of Money and unethical behavior intentions: Do perceptions of Authentic Supervisors ́ Personal Integrity ... Theory and hypotheses The meaning of money The money ethic scale The love of money Unethical behavioral intentions Love of money and unethical behavioral intentions Authentic supervisors personal integrity and character as a moderator Honesty and integrity Caring servants Empower others by offering transparent help and professional development Method Panel studies Participants and procedures Measures Results Confirmatory factor analysis Authentic supervisors ́ personal integrity and character Confirmatory factor analysis Measurement invariance Common method variance bias Descriptive statistics Regression results Discussion Implications Limitation Future research Conclusion Appendix A References Chapter 13: Does moral leadership enhance employee creativity? Employee identification with the leader and leader-member ... Introduction Theory and hypotheses Creativity Paternalistic leadership Moral leadership and employee identification with leader Moral leadership and leader-member exchange Employee identification with the leader and employee creativity Leader-member exchange and employee creativity The mediation effects between moral leadership and employee creativity Method Sample and data collection Measures Moral leadership Identification with leader Leader-member exchange Employee creativity Control variables Results Validity analysis Common method variance issue Hypotheses testing Descriptive statistics Modeling and path analysis Discussion Theoretical implications Managerial implications Limitations and the directions for future research Conclusion Appendix References Chapter 14: Do victims of supervisor bullying suffer from poor creativity? Social cognitive and social comparison perspec ... Theory and hypotheses Creativity Own abusive supervision, peer abusive supervision, and creativity Creative self-efficacy as a mediator Peer abusive supervision as a moderator Own and peer abusive supervision and social comparison orientation Method Sample and procedure Measures Results Confirmatory factor analysis and descriptive results Common method variance Testing our hypotheses Discussion Theoretical implications Managerial implications Limitations and future research directions Conclusion Compliance with Ethical Standards References Chapter 15: Do ethical leaders enhance employee ethical behaviors? Organizational justice and ethical climate as dual med ... Introduction Theory and hypotheses Ethical leadership and employee ethical behaviors The ethical climate as a mediator Organizational justice as a mediator Leaders moral attentiveness as a moderator Method Participants and procedure Measurement Results Demographic profile Items reliability, internal reliability, and convergent validity Our theoretical model Discussion Theoretical implications Managerial implications Limitations and future research Conclusion References Section D: Monetary Wisdom, well-being, global challenges, and implications Chapter 16: Does interpersonal justice enhance organizational loyalty? A theory of justice,organizational citizenship beh ... Introduction Theory and hypotheses Organizational justice Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) Kyrgyzstan Social exchange in the relationship between organizational justice and OCB Procedural justice and OCB in Kyrgyzstan Distributive justice and OCB in Kyrgyzstan Interactional justice and OCB in Kyrgyzstan Individualism in Kyrgyzstan Individualism as a moderator of the organizational justice to OCB relationship Individualism as a moderator of the distributive justice to OCB relationship Individualism as a moderator of the interactional justice to OCB relationship Methods Sample and procedure Measures Results Descriptive statistics Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and common method variance (CMV) Hierarchical regression analysis Main effect of organizational justice on OCB Individualism moderates the distributive justice to OCB relationship Individualism moderates the interactional justice to OCB relationship Discussion Theoretical contributions Empirical and managerial implications Limitations and future research Conclusion References Chapter 17: European airline cockpit and cabin crew well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown: Does union satisfaction have ... Theory and hypotheses Union and union satisfaction Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the airline sector Well-being in aviation (in times of lockdown) The link between union satisfaction (in aviation) and well-being Method Study sample and data collection Measures Confounders Statistical analyses Results Descriptive results Relations among dependent variables Linking demographic variables with study variables Linking union satisfaction with dependent variables Additional analyses Discussion Study limitations and directions for future research Practical implications Appendix References Chapter 18: The Matthew Effect in Monetary Wisdom* Introduction The Matthew Effect in the Holy Bible What are the meanings of possessions/talents? What are the implications? The Matthew Effect in scientific researchb The Matthew Effect at the individual level The Matthew Effect at the corporate-industry level The Matthew Effect at the global level-CSR Agency theory Tournament theory Tournament theory at the individual-organization levels Tournament theory at the country level (the US) Tournament theory at the global level-CSR Selected empirical studies on tournament theory Other management theories Urgency Time is money The Matthew Effect in monetary wisdom God and Mammon The meaning of money The dark side of the Matthew Effect The bright side of the Matthew Effect Implications Conclusion References Chapter 19: Detecting honest peoples lies in handwriting: The power of the Ten Commandments and internalized ethical values* Graphology and handwriting analysis A theoretical model of communication and detecting lies The major principles of detecting lies A case study Conclusion References Chapter 20: Behavioral economics and Monetary Wisdom across 32 cultures: Good apples enjoy a good quality of life in good ... Introduction Theory and hypotheses Construct conceptualization: Monetary Wisdom Affective love of money motive Stewardship behavior Cognitive meaning Pay satisfaction and life satisfaction Control variables Data analysis strategy Method Sample and procedure Measures Results Descriptive statistics Confirmatory factor analysis Common method variance (CMV) Reflective vs. formative models Control variables Across three GDP groups Discussion Theoretical contributions Empirical contributions Practical implications Limitations Conclusion References Chapter 21: Youth materialism and consumer ethics: Gen Z adolescents self-concepts (power and self-esteem) as dual mediat ... Theory and hypotheses Materialism Consumer ethics, unethical consumer beliefs (UCB) Materialism and UCB Sense of power (public self) as a mediator Materialism to sense of power Sense of power to UCB Self-esteem (private self) as a mediator Materialism to self-esteem Self-esteem to UCB The culture as a moderator French culture Chinese culture Culture moderates the two mediation effects Method Participants Measures Analytical strategy Results Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Construct validity Measurement invariance Common method variance (CMV) Results of hypotheses testing Hypothesis 1 (materialism and UCB) Hypothesis 2 (sense of power as a mediator) Hypothesis 3 (self-esteem as a mediator) Hypothesis 4 (interaction effect between culture and sense of power) Hypothesis 5 (interaction effect between culture and self-esteem) Second-stage moderated mediation effects Discussion Theoretical contributions Practical implications Limitations Conclusion References Chapter 22: Monetary wisdoms practical implications-Does mindfulness excite ethical intentions via diminished avaricious ... Theory and hypotheses Mindfulness Mindfulness and consumer ethics Avaricious monetary attitudes Mindfulness and monetary attitudes Monetary attitudes and consumer ethics Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training as a moderator Post-training duration and mindfulness practice Method Participants Measurements Results Hypotheses testing Mediation effect Moderation effect With MBSR training vs. without MBSR training Post-MBSR training duration (``short-term ́ ́ vs. ``long-term ́ ́) Long-term MBSR training participants (with practice vs. without practice) Discussion Theoretical contributions Practical contributions Limitations and future research Conclusion Appendix Items and constructs of our major measures References Chapter 23: Consumer behavioral economics and monetary wisdom-A penny saved is a penny earned: Monetary intelligence and ... Introduction Theory and hypotheses Behavioral economics and the $.99 vs $.00 preferences Monetary Intelligence (MI) vs Emotional Intelligence (EI) The attitude toward money The love of money and monetary intelligence Emotional Intelligence Gender Emotional attachment, cognitive overload, and preference reversal Methods Participants Measures Data analysis strategies Results The measurement model (MI and EI) MANOVA results of MI and EI across genders Study 1 Fig. 5: MI, EI, and 10 products and services in 6 categories Fig. 5 Across genders: Figs. 6 (males) and 7 (females) Study 2 Fig. 8: A simplified EI-EI model with seven (7) diamond rings Fig. 9: With five (5) diamond rings and a cheaper option Fig. 10 with five (5) diamond rings and a pricier alternative Fig. 10 across genders: Figs. 11 (males) and 12 (females) Fig. 13: Three (3) diamond rings Discussion Conclusion Appendix A Monetary intelligence (Tang et al., 2018a) Emotional intelligence (Wong and Law, 2002) The context of positive feelings Choices for products and services References Index Back Cover Money is the instrument of commerce and a measure of value. Globalization has created economic prosperity for citizens around the world. These challenges have changed how people work, live, and do business. Monetary Wisdom: Monetary Aspirations and Decision-Making presents an excellent collection of innovative and a multi-cultural view of how money has affected decision making not only at an individual level but at organizational level. This book discusses the powerful motivators of money and the connection to ethical decision-making both in organizations and social life.Inspires readers to learn one of the world's most often used money attitude measuresNotices that, in modern societies, money is power at the individual levelSuggests that monetary aspirations (not money itself) predict cheatingProfiles that reducing stress curbs dishonesty directly and indirectlyIllustrates that leaders promote employees'honesty and creativityReveals how corruption expands prospect theory to a global levelExplores the contexts to achieve balanced aspirations and serenity Globalization creates economic prosperity for citizens around the world. It changes people's deep-rooted attitudes, values, and behavioral patterns. Editor Thomas Li-Ping Tang is the first to scientifically capture the meaning of money and coin the contemporary love of money construct. Ardent monetary aspirations involve affective, behavioral, and cognitive subconstructs. Monetary Wisdom: Monetary Aspirations Impact Decision-Making bridges the gaps between behavioral economics, business ethics, decision-making, and the psychology of money. It compiles research from world-renowned experts in 37 countries across six continents. This book presents an excellent collection of innovative and multicultural views. Monetary Wisdom investigates how individuals apply monetary aspirations as a lens, frame critical concerns at the proximal and omnibus contexts, and maximize expected utility and ultimate serenity at the individual, organizational, and global levels. The books' practical implications help readers apply and enjoy these discoveries' benefits. Monetary Monetary Aspirations and Decision-Making presents an excellent collection of innovative and a multi-cultural views on how money has affected decision-making, not only at an individual level but also at an organizational level. This book discusses the powerful motivators of money and the connection to ethical decision-making, both in organizations and social life. As globalization has created economic prosperity for citizens around the world, these challenges have changed how people work, live, and thus do business.