Molluscs in Archaeology: Methods, Approaches and Applications (Studying Scientific Archaeology)

The subject of ‘Molluscs in Archaeology’ has not been dealt with collectively for several decades as most previous volumes in this subject area have been confined to studies of either land or marine molluscs, or mollusc shells as artifacts. The 23 specially commissioned papers presented here addresses many aspects of molluscs in archaeology. Marine molluscs are a common find on archaeological sites, where they may represent food waste or their shells having been utilized as tools, artifacts and ornaments. Land snails are also found as food waste in middens, but more commonly their microscopic remains are used to examine site environmental and land use histories. This comprehensive collection by most of the leading researchers in the field will give the reader an overview of the whole topic: methods of analysis and approaches to interpretation. It aims to be a broad-based textbook giving readers an insight into how to apply analysis to different present and past landscapes, and how to interpret those landscapes. Contributors present marine, freshwater and land snail studies, and examine topics such as diet, economy, climate, environment and land-use, isotopes and molluscs as artifacts, providing archaeologists and students with the first port of call regarding a) methods and principles, and b) the potential information molluscs can provide. Combining authoritative overviews with a range of case studies, Molluscs in Archaeology concentrates on analysis and interpretation that most archaeologists and students can undertake and understand, and reviews the ‘heavier’ science in terms of potential, application and interpretational value “Particular strengths of this volume are that it integrates studies of terrestrial and marine molluscs, each often pursued separately, and covers a wide range of themes ranging from palaeoenvironmental and palaeoeconomic topics to the use of molluscs as sources of information about technology, symbolism, dating and diet.” Professor Geoff Bailey, York University Cover 1 Title 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Preface 11 Contributors 12 Acknowledgements 15 Molluscs in archaeology: an introduction Michael J. Allen and Bas Payne 16 PART 1: PALAEO-ENVIRONMENTS; ENVIRONMENT AND LAND-USE 20 TERRESTRIAL HABITATS, CONTEXTS AND LANDSCAPES 20 1. Land snails in archaeology - Michael J. Allen 21 2. The geoarchaeology of context: sampling for land snails (on archaeological sites and colluvium) - Michael J. Allen 45 3. Numerical approaches to land snail palaeoecology - Matt Law 63 4. Molluscs and the palaeo-environment of coastal blown sand and dunes - Thomas Walker 80 5. Molluscs from dune-machair systems in the Western Isles: archaeological site formation processes and environmental change - Matt Law and Nigel Thew 97 6. Caves and molluscs - Chris O. Hunt and Evan A. Hill 115 WETLANDS AND FRESH- AND BRACKISH-WATER 126 7. Molluscs from the floodplain alluvial sediments in the Thames Valley - Mark Robinson 127 8. Wetlands: freshwater and slum communities - Terry O’Connor 142 PART 2: PALAEO-ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION: EUROPE, THE MEDITERRANEAN AND NEAR EAST 158 9. The southern English chalklands: molluscan evidence for the nature of the post-glacial woodland cover - Michael J. Allen 159 10. (Some thoughts on) using molluscs for landscape reconstruction and ecology in Malta - Michael J. Allen and Bri Eastabook 180 11. Molluscan remains from early to middle Holocene sites in the Iron Gates reach of the Danube, southeast Europe - Catriona Pickard, Adina Boroneanț and Clive Bonsall 194 12. Land mollusc middens - Victoria K. Taylor and Martin Bell 210 PART 3: MARINE AND FOOD AND DIET 228 13. Marine molluscs from archaeological contexts: how they can inform interpretations of former economies and environments - Liz Somerville, Janice Light and Michael J. Allen 229 14. Oysters in archaeology - Jessica Winder 253 15. Shell middens - Karen Hardy 274 16. The collection, processing and curation of archaeological marine shells - Greg Campbell 288 PART 4: ARTEFACTS 304 17. Shell ornaments, icons and other artefacts from the eastern Mediterranean and Levant - Janet Ridout-Sharpe 305 18. Molluscan shells as raw materials for artefact production - Katherine Szabó 323 19. How strong is the evidence for purple dye extraction from the muricid gastropod Nucella lapillus (L. 1758), from archaeological sites in Britain and Ireland? - Janice Light and Thomas Walker 341 20. Marine shell artefacts: cautionary tales of natural wear and tear as compared to resourceful anthropogenic modification processes - Janice Light 357 PART 5: SCIENCE AND SHELLS 378 21. Bivalves and radiocarbon - Ricardo Fernandes and Alexander Dreves 379 22. Radiocarbon dating of marine and terrestrial shell - Katerina Douka 396 23. Stable isotope ecology of terrestrial gastropod shells - André Carlo Colonese 415 Index 429

The subject of 'Molluscs in Archaeology' has not been dealt with collectively for several decades. This new volume in Oxbow's Studying Scientific Archaeology series addresses many aspects of molluscs in archaeology. It will give the reader an overview of the whole topic; methods of analysis and approaches to interpretation. It aims to be a broad based text book giving readers an insight of how to apply analysis to different present and past landscapes and how to interpret those landscapes. It includes Marine, Freshwater and land snails studies, and examines topics such as diet, economy, climate, environmental and land-use, isotopes and molluscs as artefacts. It aims to provide archaeologists and students with the first port of call giving them a) methods and principles, and b) the potential information molluscs can provide. It concentrates on analysis and interpretation most archaeologists and students can undertake and understand, and to 'review' the 'heavier' science in terms of potential, application and interpretational value.

The subject of ‘Molluscs in Archaeology’ has not been dealt with collectively for several decades. This new volume in Oxbow’s Studying Scientific Archaeology series addresses many aspects of mollusks in archaeology. It will give the reader an overview of the whole topic; methods of analysis and approaches to interpretation. It aims to be a broad based text book giving readers an insight of how to apply analysis to different present and past landscapes and how to interpret those landscapes. It includes Marine, Freshwater and land snails studies, and examines topics such as diet, economy, climate, environmental and land-use, isotopes and mollusks as artifacts. It aims to provide archaeologists and students with the first port of call giving them a) methods and principles, and b) the potential information mollusks can provide. It concentrates on analysis and interpretation most archaeologists and students can undertake and understand, and to 'review' the 'heavier' science in terms of potential, application and interpretational value. A new overview of molluscs in archaeology for archaeologists, ecologists and anyone studying the natural environment, this is a broad-based and comprehensive textbook.