Molecular Physics

Preface ......Page 6 Contents ......Page 8 Sec.l. Methods of Investigating Many-particle Systems ......Page 16 Sec. 2. Mathematical Concepts ......Page 25 Sec. 3. Macroscopic and Microscopic States of a System ......Page 41 Sec. 4. The Equal Probability Postulate and the Ergodic Hypothesis ......Page 44 Sec. 5. The Probability of a Macroscopic State ......Page 52 Sec. 6. Fluctuations ......Page 67 Sec. 7. The Canonical Ensemble. Gibbs Distribution ......Page 73 Sec. 8. Maxwell Distribution ......Page 78 Sec. 9. Boltzmann Distribution ......Page 92 Sec. 10. Pressure ......Page 102 Sec. 11. Temperature ......Page 111 Sec. 12. Distribution of Energy among the Degrees of Freedom ......Page 120 Sec. 13. Brownian Movement ......Page 129 Problems ......Page 135 Sec. 14. The First Law of Thermodynamic ......Page 138 Sec. 15. Differential Forms and Total Differentials ......Page 144 Sec. 16. Reversible and Irreversible Processes ......Page 149 Sec. 17. Heat Capacity ......Page 151 Sec. 18. Processes in Ideal Gases ......Page 161 Sec. 19. Entropy of Ideal Gas ......Page 169 Sec. 20. Cyclic Processes ......Page 174 Sec. 21. Absolute Thermodynamic Temperature Scale ......Page 186 Sec. 22. The Second Law of Thermodynamics ......Page 194 Sec. 23. Thermodynamic Functions and the Conditions of Thermodynamic Stability ......Page 211 Problems ......Page 223 Sec. 24. Various Models of the Behaviour of Particles ......Page 226 Sec. 25. The Fermi-Dirac Distribution ......Page 228 Sec. 26. Bose-Einstein Distribution ......Page 231 Sec. 27. The Electron Gas ......Page 233 Sec. 28. The Photon Gas ......Page 241 Problems ......Page 245 Sec. 29. Forces of Interaction ......Page 248 Sec. 30. Liquefaction of Gases ......Page 257 Sec. 31. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation ......Page 263 Sec. 32. Van der Waals Equation ......Page 266 Sec. 33. Joule-Thomson Effect ......Page 285 Sec. 34. Surface Tension ......Page 295 Sec. 35. Evaporation and Boiling of Liquids ......Page 303 Sec. 36. Structure of Liquids. Liquid Crystals ......Page 312 Sec. 37. Liquid Solutions ......Page 318 Sec. 38. Boiling of Liquid Solutions ......Page 322 Sec. 39. Osmotic Pressure ......Page 325 Sec. 40. Chemical Potential and Phase Equilibrium ......Page 327 Sec. 41. Phase Rule ......Page 330 Problems ......Page 332 Sec. 42. Symmetry of Solids ......Page 336 Sec. 43. Crystal Lattice ......Page 339 Sec. 44. Defects of Crystal Lattices ......Page 347 Sec. 45. Mechanical Properties of Solids ......Page 348 Sec. 46. Heat Capacity of Solids ......Page 357 Sec. 47. Crystallization and Melting ......Page 373 Sec. 48. Alloys and Solid Solutions ......Page 382 Sec. 49. Polymers ......Page 384 Problems ......Page 391 Sec. 50. The Types of Transport Processes ......Page 394 Sec. 51. Kinematic Characteristics of Molecular Motion ......Page 395 Sec. 52. Transport Processes in Gases ......Page 403 Sec. 53. Relaxation Time ......Page 416 Sec. 54. Physical Phenomena in Rarefied Gases ......Page 421 Sec. 55. Transport Phenomena in Solids ......Page 426 Sec. 56. Transport Phenomena in Liquids ......Page 430 Sec. 57. Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes ......Page 432 Problems ......Page 441 Appendix 1. SI Units Used in Molecular Physics ......Page 443 Appendix 2. Physical Constants ......Page 445 Subject Index ......Page 446