Molecular genetics of host-specific toxins in plant diseases : proceedings of the 3rd Tottori International Symposium on Host-Specific Toxins, Daisen, Tottori, Japan, August 24-29, 1997

For investigators engaged in the study of toxins generally, and host-specific toxins in particular, it is a rare treat to attend a meeting in which toxins involved in plant pathogenesis are emphasized. A gathering of this type provides opportunity to consider the discovery of new toxins, their chemical structures, genes encoding enzymes that control their biosyntheses, their sites of action and physiological effects on plants, and their roles (if any) in pathological processes. Having acknowledged the inspiration fostered by a 'toxin meeting', however, it is important to point out that the program of this symposium was generously sprinkled with 'nontoxin' talks. These contributions generated cross-disciplinary discussion and promoted new ways of thinking about relationships among factors required for plant disease development. The point can be illustrated by considering just one example. We have in the past often regarded diseases mediated by host-specific toxins and diseases involving 'gene-for-gene' relationships as representing two different classes of fungal/plant interaction. This is largely because the key molecular recognition event in so-called 'toxin' diseases leads to compatibility, whereas the corresponding event in 'gene-for-gene' diseases leads to incompatibility. Yet the race specific elicitors produced by the 'gene-for-gene' fungi Cladosporium fulvum (De Wit, Adv. Bot. Res. 21:147- 185, 1995) and Rhynchosporium secalis (Rohe et a1. , EMBO J. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 A Mechanistic View of the Fungal/Plant Interaction Based on Host-Specific Toxin Studies....Pages 3-15 Function and Biosynthesis of Trichothecenes Produced by Fusarium Species....Pages 17-24 Enzymology, Molecular Genetics, and Regulation of Biosynthesis of the Host-Selective Toxin HC-Toxin....Pages 25-34 Host-Specific Toxin Deficient Mutants of the Tomato Pathotype of Alternaria Alternata Obtained by Restriction Enzyme-Mediated Integration....Pages 35-42 Molecular Analysis of AK-Toxin Biosynthesis in the Japanese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria Alternata ....Pages 43-52 A Catalytic Domain of a Cyclic Peptide Synthetase that is Specific for the Apple Pathotype of Alternaria Alternata and its Possible Involvement in Host-Specific AM-Toxin Production....Pages 53-61 Involvement of Host Factors in the Production of a Protein Host-Specific Toxin Produced by Alternaria Brassicicola ....Pages 63-69 Structures and Biosyntheses of Phytotoxins in Cochliobolus Spicifer and Bipolaris Sorokiniana : C 3 Unit Addition Reaction in Phytotoxin Biosyntheses....Pages 71-79 Versatile Synthetic Route for AAL-Toxins and Fumonisins....Pages 81-90 Characterization of the Thiotemplate Mechanisms of Syringomycin and Syringopeptin Synthesis by Pseudomonas Syringae pv. syringae ....Pages 91-98 Front Matter....Pages 99-99 HC-Toxin: Does Inter-Species Chromatin Remodeling Confer Host-Pathogen Compatibility?....Pages 101-104 Victorin-induced oat cell death....Pages 105-114 Primary Effect of a Host-Selective Toxin From Magnaporthe Grisea to Mitochondria of Rice Leaves....Pages 115-124 The Accelerated Effects of AK-Toxin I on Exocytosis and Endocytosis of Susceptible Japanese Pear Leaves....Pages 125-135 Isolation and Mode of Action of Ptr Chlorosis Toxin From Pyrenophora Tritici-Repentis ....Pages 137-138 Syringolide Derivatives for Receptor Studies....Pages 139-140 Lethal Logic in Apoptosis: Toxins Trigger Programmed Cell Death During Disease in Eukaryotic Cells....Pages 141-150 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 Evolution of Pathogenic and Reproductive Strategies in Cochliobolus and Related Genera....Pages 153-163 On the Phylogenetic Correlations of Phytotoxins and Related Metabolites Among Blast Disease Fungi....Pages 165-166 Cloning and Expression of the Toxa Gene in Pyrenophora Triticirepentis ....Pages 167-175 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 The Ptr Necrosis Toxin and Necrosis Toxin Gene From Pyrenophora Tritici-Repentis ....Pages 177-185 The Genetics of Pathogenicity in Cochliobolus Heterostrophus ....Pages 187-193 Toxins and other Metabolites of Phoma Tracheiphila Involved in Pathogenesis of “Mal Secco” Disease of Citrus Trees....Pages 195-197 Ergopeptine Toxins and Peptide Synthetase Genes in Clavicipitaceous Pathogens and Symbionts of Plants....Pages 199-209 Genetical and Physiological Studies on the Species-Specific Parasitism of Magnaporthe Grisea in Gramineous Plants with a Special Reference to a Cross Between the Triticum Isolate and the Setaria Isolate....Pages 211-221 Front Matter....Pages 223-223 Signal transduction and gene expression during early stages of fungal phytopathogenesis in the rice blast fungus....Pages 225-244 Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in HST-Producing Fungal Pathogens....Pages 245-252 Expression and Regulation of Melanin Biosynthetic Genes during Appressorium Formation of Colletotrichum Lagenarium ....Pages 253-260 Mechanics of Invasive Fungal Growth and the Significance of Turgor in Plant Infection....Pages 261-271 The Involvement of Fungal Cutinase in Early Processes of Plant Infection....Pages 273-280 Biochemical and Molecular Roles of HST and Enzymes Produced by Pathogen of Citrus Brown Spot Disease....Pages 281-290 Infection Behavior of Venturia Nashicola and Supposed Involvement of Cell-Wall Degrading Enzymes in the Pathogenesis on Japanese Pear....Pages 291-292 Host Components and a Complex Bacterial Sensor Kinase, RtpA, Determine the Pathogenic Process of Pseudomonas tolaasii on a Cultivated Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus ....Pages 293-294 Front Matter....Pages 295-295 Molecular Analysis of the Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein ( PGIP ) Gene Family in Phaseolus Vulgaris L.....Pages 297-307 Saponin Detoxification and Fungal Pathogenesis....Pages 309-315 The Interaction of Alternaria Alternata F.Sp. Lycopersici and its AAL-Toxins with Tomato....Pages 317-330 The Oxidative Burst System in Plants: A Strategic Signal Transduction System for Triggering Active Defense and for Parasites to Overcome....Pages 331-341 Plant Cell Wall with the Suppressor may Play a Crucial Role in Determining Specificity....Pages 343-353 Characterization of the Interaction Between Fungal Pathotoxins and URF13, the cms-T Maize Mitochondrial T-Toxin Receptor....Pages 355-365 Identification of Receptor Site of the Suppressor Isolated from Phytophthora in Festans in Potato Plasma Membrane by Using Surface Plasmonl Biosensor....Pages 367-368 Front Matter....Pages 295-295 Detoxification of Mycotoxins In Planta as a Strategy for Improving Grain Quality and Disease Resistance: Identification of Fumonisin-Degrading Microbes from Maize....Pages 369-381 Molecular Cloning, Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Antibody Against Mycotoxins....Pages 383-385 Selection of a Resistant Mutant to Alternaria Blotch in Apple and Analysis of Proteins Associated with the Susceptibility by 2-D Gel Electrophoresis....Pages 387-397 Several Strategies for Dissecting and Controlling Functions in Plant Cells....Pages 399-400 Back Matter....Pages 401-415 The Tottori International Symposia on Host-Specific Toxins were established in 1988 by the Tottori University Faculty of Agriculture to provide an interdisciplinary forum for scientists working in rapidly emerging areas of studies of plant-fungal pathogen interactions, especially involving host-specific toxins and related pathogenicity factors. Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in Plant Disease is the proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on host-specific toxins held in August 1997 in Tottori, Japan. Up-to-date material is presented in rapidly developing research areas such as new toxins, fungal genes for toxin biosynthesis, evolution of pathogenic strategies, toxin actions on plants, toxin receptors, signal transduction, oxidative burst, mechanisms of sensing, penetration and host degradation, apoptosis triggered by toxins, and plant genes for detoxification. This information has given researchers penetrating insights into various aspects in the field. Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in Plant Disease will be a valuable up-to-date reference for researchers and students in the areas of plant pathology, plant protection, plant physiology and molecular biology, fungal molecular genetics, and plant breeding and biotechnology