Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf : The Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf

This proceeding covers all the collected research data and presentations from the 8th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf. The book explores themes in molecular breeding of forage and turf, including abiotic and biotic stresses, bioenergy and biorenewables, comparative genomics, emerging tools for forage and turf research, functional genetics and genomics and genetic mapping germplasm, diversity and its impact on breeding, herbage quality, plant-microbe interactions and transgenic and risk assessment. Written by renowned researchers in plant genomics, __Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf: The Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf__ is a valuable resource for researchers and students in the field of plant genomics. Preface 5 Contents 6 Contributors 8 Chapter-1 13 Deciphering Drought Tolerance in Tall Fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] 13 1.1 Introduction 13 1.2 Materials and Methods 14 1.3 Results and Discussions 15 1.4 Conclusion 17 References 18 Chapter-2 20 Evaluation of Perennial Ryegrass Association Mapping Population for Freezing Tolerance Traits 20 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Methods 21 2.2.1 Plant Material and DNA Extraction 21 2.2.2 Field Winter Survival Analysis 22 2.2.3 Freezing Tolerance Testing Under Controlled Environment 22 2.2.4 Electrolyte Leakage Assay 22 2.2.5 Proline Content Evaluation 23 2.2.6 Molecular Profiling by AFLP 23 2.2.7 Population Structure and Relative Kinship 24 2.2.8 Statistic Analysis 24 2.3 Results 24 2.4 Discussion 26 References 27 Chapter-3 30 Reciprocal Full-sib Recurrent Selection and Tools for Accelerating Genetic Gain in Apomictic Brachiaria 30 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 Recurrent Selection for Specific Combining Ability 31 3.3 Reciprocal Recurrent Selection 34 3.4 Heterotic Groups 37 3.5 Conclusion 38 References 39 Chapter-4 42 A New Red Clover 2,4-D-Resistant Cultivar to Improve Broadleaf Weed Control and Elucidate the Molecular Mechanism of Resistance 42 4.1 Introduction 42 4.2 Methods 44 4.2.1 Cultivar Development 44 4.2.2 Forage and 2,4-D Evaluation 44 4.3 Results 45 4.3.1 Cultivar Development 45 4.3.2 Forage and 2,4-D Evaluation 45 4.4 Discussion 50 References 50 Chapter-5 52 Relationship Between Emergence and Genome Content of Iranian Tall Fescue Entries Under Drought Stress 52 5.1 Introduction 52 5.2 Materials and Methods 54 5.2.1 Plant Materials and Treatments 54 5.2.2 Estimation Ploidy Level by Nuclear DNA Content Using Flow Cytometry 54 5.3 Results 54 5.3.1 Emergence Traits 57 5.3.2 Seedling Growth 57 5.3.3 Estimated DNA Content 58 5.4 Discussion 58 References 62 Chapter-6 64 Genome-Wide Analysis of AP2/ERF Family Genes in Lotus corniculatus Shows LcERF054 and LcERF080 Enhance Salt Tolerance 64 6.1 Introduction 64 6.2 Materials and Methods 65 6.2.1 Bioinformatic Analysis of L. corniculatus AP2/ERF Genes 65 6.3 Plant Materials and Treatments 66 6.4 RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis (qRT-PCR) 66 6.4.1 Subcellular Localization and Trans-activation Assay of LcERF054 66 6.4.2 Generation of Transgenic Arabidopsis 67 6.4.3 Determination of Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Transgenic Arabidopsis 67 6.5 Statistical Analysis 67 6.6 Results 68 6.6.1 Bioinformatic Identification of AP2/ERF Family Genes in L. japonicus 68 6.6.2 Screening the Salt Stress-Responsive LcERF Genes 69 6.7 LcERF054 and LcERF080 Localizes to the Nucleus and Acts as a Transcriptional Activator 70 6.7.1 Overexpression of LcERF054 and LcERF080 Increased Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis 71 6.8 Discussion 73 6.8.1 Characterization of the AP2/ERF Superfamily from L. japonicus 73 6.8.2 Overexpression of LcERF054 and LcERF080 Increased Tolerance to Salt Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants 76 References 77 Chapter-7 80 Zn-Deficiency Responsive Transcripts in Agrostis Species Revealed by mRNA Differential Display 80 7.1 Introduction 80 7.2 Materials and Methods 81 7.2.1 Plant Material and Growth Conditions 81 7.2.2 Application of mRNADD and Sequence Analysis 81 7.2.3 Real Time PCR and RACE Analysis 82 7.3 Results 83 7.3.1 Physiological Analysis of Agrostis Species Under Zn Deficiency 83 7.3.2 Differentially Expressed Genes in Creeping Bentgrass 86 7.3.3 Identification of ZIP Family Zn Transporter in Creeping Bentgrass 86 7.3.4 Colonial and Velvet Bentgrass mRNADD Identified Additional Differentially Expressed Transcripts 89 7.4 Discussion 93 References 95 Chapter-8 96 Candidate Gene Approach in Miscanthus spp. for Biorefinery 96 8.1 Introduction 96 8.2 Miscanthus Genetic Structure 97 8.3 Candidate Gene Approach 98 8.3.1 Candidate Gene Approach on Genes Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis Pathway 98 8.3.2 Candidate Gene Approach on Genes Involved in Control of Flowering Time 99 8.4 Genetic Transformation 100 8.5 Conclusion 100 References 101 Chapter-9 104 Genetic Diversity in Candidate Genes for Developmental Traits and Cell Wall Characteristics in Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne) 104 9.1 Introduction 104 9.2 Materials and Methods 105 9.2.1 Candidate Gene Identification and Probe Design 105 9.2.2 Library Construction and Sequencing 106 9.2.3 Quality Filtering and Read Mapping 106 9.2.4 Sequence Variant Calling 107 9.2.5 Population Structure and LD Estimates 107 9.3 Results and Discussion 108 9.3.1 Coverage Analysis 108 9.4 Reproducibility in SNP Calling 111 9.5 Variant Calling in the Combined Dataset 112 9.6 Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) 115 9.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 118 References 119 Chapter-10 121 Advances in Forage and Turf Biotechnologyin China 121 10.1 Introduction 121 10.2 Transcriptome-Based Gene Mining 122 10.3 Molecular Marker Technologies 123 10.4 Advances of Genetic Engineering 125 10.4.1 Quality Improvement 125 10.4.2 Abiotic Stress Tolerance 127 10.4.3 Development of Transgenic Vaccine 128 10.5 Future Prospects 129 References 130 Chapter-11 133 Yield Components of Three Brachiaria Species Harvested at Two Cutting Frequencies in Hueytamalco, Puebla, Mexico 133 11.1 Introduction 133 11.2 Material and Methods 134 11.3 Results and Discussions 135 11.4 Conclusions 139 References 139 Chapter-12 141 Use of Genetic Diversity on SSR Markers to Increase Forage Yield in Timoty ( Phleum pratense L.) 141 12.1 Introduction 141 12.2 Methods 143 12.2.1 Estimation of GCA of Parental Materials 143 12.2.2 Relative Contribution of General and Specific Combining Abilities in Forage Yields of Top-Cross Progenies 143 12.2.3 Relative Contribution of Genetic Effectsin Syn2 Generation of CSS Strains 145 12.2.4 Selection Simulations for RRS with CSS 146 12.3 Results 147 12.3.1 Estimation of GCA of SPs 147 12.3.2 Predicting Yields of Top-Cross Progenies 148 12.3.3 Predicting Yields of CSS Strains 148 12.3.4 Expected Genetic Gains for Forage Yields by RRSwith CSS 149 12.4 Discussion 150 Reference 151 Chapter-13 153 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers for Allele Quantification in Lolium (Poaceae): Development and First Applications 153 13.1 Introduction 153 13.2 Materials and Methods 154 13.2.1 Plant Materials 154 13.2.2 DNA Extraction, PCR, SNP Detection and Sequencing 155 13.2.3 Genetic Mapping 158 13.2.4 Data Analysis 161 13.3 Results 161 13.3.1 SNP Assay Development 161 13.3.2 Diversity Analysis 164 13.4 Discussion 166 13.4.1 Development of Lolium SNP Markers 166 13.4.2 Application of Barley Derived SNP Markers in Ryegrass 168 13.4.3 Toward a Marker Assisted Collection Management 170 References 170 Chapter-14 174 Origins of Diploid Dactylis from Chinaas Determined by ITS Sequences 174 14.1 Introduction 174 14.2 Methods 175 14.3 Results 175 14.4 Discussion 178 References 179 Chapter-15 181 A Study on Cold Tolerance Transgenic Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) with the AmDHN Gene 181 15.1 Introduction 181 15.2 Methods 182 15.2.1 Construction of pBI-DHN Vector and Alfalfa Transformation 182 15.2.2 Growth and Treatments of M. Sativa 183 15.2.3 Analysis of Gene Transcription 183 15.2.4 Determination of Pro Content 184 15.2.5 Statistical Analysis 184 15.3 Results 184 15.3.1 AmDHN Gene Expression Analysis 184 15.3.2 Effect of AmDHN Overexpression on Other Cold-Related Genes 184 15.3.3 The Impact of Cold on the Content of TransgenicAlfalfa Pro 185 15.4 Discussion 186 References 188 Chapter-16 190 The Intron in an Albumin Gene fromSunflower Increases Expression of SFA8 190 16.1 Introduction 190 16.2 Materials and Methods 191 16.2.1 Experiment Materials 191 16.2.2 Primers Designation 191 16.2.3 Cloning of cDNA and gDNA of SFA8 191 16.2.4 Vector Construction 192 16.2.5 Arabidopsis Transformation 192 16.3 Results 193 16.3.1 Cloning of SFA8 cDNA and gDNA 193 16.3.2 Vector Construction 194 16.3.3 PCR Analysis of Transgenic Arabidopsis 194 16.3.4 Expression analysis of SFA8 gene in transgenic Arabidopsis 195 16.4 Discussion 196 References 197 Index 199 This Proceeding Covers All Of The Collected Research Data And Presentations From The 8th International Symposium On The Molecular Breeding Of Forage And Turf. This Book Explores Themes In Molecular Breeding Of Forage And Turf, Including Abiotic And Biotic Stresses, Bioenergy And Biorenewables, Comparative Genomics, Emerging Tools For Forage And Turf Research, And functional Genetics And Genomics. This Work Also Analyzes Genetic Mapping Of germplasm, Diversity And Its Impact On Breeding, Herbage Quality, Plant-microbe Interactions, And Risk Assessment Of Transgenic Plants. Written By Renowned Researchers In Plant Genomics, Molecular Breeding Of Forage And Turf: The Proceedings Of The 8th International Symposium On The Molecular Breeding Of Forage And Turf Is A Valuable Resource For Researchers And Students In The Field Of Plant Genomics. Deciphering Drought Tolerance In Tall Fescue [lolium Arundinaceum -- Evaluation Of Perennial Ryegrass Association Mapping Population For Freezing Tolerance Traits -- Tools For Accelerating Genetic Gain In Brachiagrass At Ciat -- A New Red Clover 2,4-d-resistant Cultivar To Improve Broadleaf Weed Control And Elucidate The Molecular Mechanism Of Resistance -- Variation In Genome Size, Germination And Establishment Of Iranian Wild Festuca Arundinacea Populations Under Dry Soil Conditions -- Genome-wide Analysis Of Ap2/erf Family Genes In Lotus Corniculatus And Functional Characterization Of Lcerf054 And Lcerf080 In Arabidopsis -- Elucidating Transcripts Responsive To Zn-deficiency In Agrostis Species -- Candidate Gene Approach In Miscanthus Spp. For Biorefinery -- Genetic Diversity In Candidate Genes For Developmental Traits And Cell Wall Characteristics In Perennial Ryegrass -- Advances In Forage And Turf Biotechnology In China -- Estimation Of Genetic Components In Half-sib Family Populations Of Alfalfa -- Use Of Genetic Diversity On Ssr Markers To Increase Forage Yield In Timothy -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (snp) Markers For Allele Quantification In Lolium (poaceae): Development And First Applications -- Origins Of Diploid Dactylis From China As Determined By Dna Sequencing.- a Study On Cold Tolerance Transgenic Alfalfa(medicago Sativa L.)with The Amdhn Gene -- The Intron In An Albumin Gene From Sunflower Increases Expression Of Sfa8. Edited By Hikmet Budak, German Spangenberg. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Deciphering Drought Tolerance in Tall Fescue [ Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.]....Pages 1-7 Evaluation of Perennial Ryegrass Association Mapping Population for Freezing Tolerance Traits....Pages 9-18 Reciprocal Full-sib Recurrent Selection and Tools for Accelerating Genetic Gain in Apomictic Brachiaria ....Pages 19-30 A New Red Clover 2,4-D-Resistant Cultivar to Improve Broadleaf Weed Control and Elucidate the Molecular Mechanism of Resistance....Pages 31-40 Relationship Between Emergence and Genome Content of Iranian Tall Fescue Entries Under Drought Stress....Pages 41-52 Genome-Wide Analysis of AP2/ERF Family Genes in Lotus corniculatus Shows LcERF054 and LcERF080 Enhance Salt Tolerance....Pages 53-68 Zn-Deficiency Responsive Transcripts in Agrostis Species Revealed by mRNA Differential Display....Pages 69-84 Candidate Gene Approach in Miscanthus spp. for Biorefinery....Pages 85-92 Genetic Diversity in Candidate Genes for Developmental Traits and Cell Wall Characteristics in Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne )....Pages 93-109 Advances in Forage and Turf Biotechnology in China....Pages 111-122 Yield Components of Three Brachiaria Species Harvested at Two Cutting Frequencies in Hueytamalco, Puebla, Mexico....Pages 123-130 Use of SSR Markers to Increase Forage Yield in Timoty ( Phleum pratense L.)....Pages 131-142 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers for Allele Quantification in Lolium (Poaceae): Development and First Applications....Pages 143-163 Origins of Diploid Dactylis from China as Determined by ITS Sequences....Pages 165-171 A Study on Cold Tolerance Transgenic Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) with the AmDHN Gene....Pages 173-181 The Intron in an Albumin Gene from Sunflower Increases Expression of SFA8 ....Pages 183-191 Back Matter....Pages 193-194