Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, 6th Edition

Molecular Biotechnology Molecular Biotechnology Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA SIXTH EDITION An authoritative introduction to the fast-changing world of molecular biotechnology In continuous publication since 1994 and now in its sixth edition, Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA has been effective in introducing this complex field to students for more than 25 years. This textbook covers essentially every aspect of the field of molecular biotechnology, which is constantly changing and adapting in light of new advances. This edition includes the latest techniques in DNA sequencing and genetic engineering of microbial, plant, and animal genomes, including human genome editing, as well as updates across many areas, such as: Immunological assays for disease diagnosis, more effective bacteriophage therapy, and new ways of dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria New and developing vaccines for influenza, tuberculosis, and emerging viral threats, including Zika and SARS-CoV-2 Engineering bacteria to perform plastic degradation and green algae to produce hydrogen, altering amino acid biosynthesis, and creating designer cellulosomes Production of humanized monoclonal antibodies in plants, modifying hybrid plants to produce clonal hybrids, and protecting plants from viral and fungal diseases Molecular Biotechnology features nearly 600 detailed figures and is an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in introductory biotechnology, as well as courses dedicated to utilizing this technology, such as medical, agricultural, environmental, and industrial biotechnology applications. Cover Title Page Copyright Page About the Companion Website Contents Preface to the Sixth Edition Chapter 1 The Development of Molecular Biotechnology Emergence of Molecular Biotechnology Recombinant DNA Technology Commercialization of Molecular Biotechnology Concerns and Consequences summary REFERENCES review questions Chapter 2 Fundamental Technologies Molecular Cloning Preparation of DNA for Cloning Insertion of Target DNA into a Plasmid Vector Transformation and Selection of Cloned DNA in a Bacterial Host Cloning Eukaryotic Genes Recombinational Cloning Genomic Libraries Genome Engineering Using CRISPR Technology Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of DNA by PCR Cloning PCR Products Quantitative PCR Chemical Synthesis of Genes Assembling Oligonucleotides into Genes Assembling PCR Products into Genes DNA Sequencing Technologies Dideoxynucleotide Sequencing Sequencing Using Reversible Chain Terminators Single‐Molecule Real‐Time Sequencing Nanopore Sequencing Sequencing Whole Genomes Preparation of Genomic DNA Sequencing Libraries High‐Throughput Next‐Generation Sequencing Genome Sequence Assembly Sequencing Metagenomes Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics summary REFERENCES review questions Chapter 3 Production of Recombinant Proteins Protein Production in Prokaryotic Hosts Regulating Transcription Increasing Translation Efficiency Increasing Protein Stability Increasing Protein Secretion Facilitating Protein Purification Integrating DNA into the Host Chromosome Heterologous Protein Production in Eukaryotic Cells Posttranslational Modification of Eukaryotic Proteins General Features of Eukaryotic Expression Systems Yeast Expression Systems Baculovirus–Insect Cell Expression Systems Mammalian Cell Expression Systems Protein Engineering Directed Mutagenesis Random Mutagenesis Examples of Protein Engineering summary REFERENCES review questions Chapter 4 Molecular Diagnostics Immunological Approaches To Detect Protein Biomarkers Antibodies Agglutination Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assays Protein Arrays To Detect Polygenic Diseases Immunoassays for Protein Conformation‐Specific Disorders DNA‐Based Diagnostic Approaches Hybridization Probes PCR‐Based Detection Methods CRISPR‐Cas‐Based Diagnostic Assays DNA Microarrays Whole‐Genome Sequencing To Assess Genetic Disease Risk Detecting RNA Signatures of Disease Detection of Disease‐Associated Changes in Gene Expression Detection of RNA Signatures of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria Detection of miRNA Signatures of Disease Biofluorescent and Bioluminescent Systems Fluorescent Proteins Luciferase Microbial Biosensors summary REFERENCES review questions Chapter 5 Protein Therapeutics Pharmaceuticals Human Interferons Human Growth Hormone Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Extending Protein Half-Life Enzymes DNase I Alginate Lyase Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase 1-Antitrypsin Glycosidases Masking Nonhuman Epitopes Toxin-Intein Fusions Targeting Mitochondria Bacteria and Therapeutics Interleukin-10 Leptin An HIV Inhibitor Insulin Parkinson’s Disease Cancer and Bacteria Recombinant Antibodies Hybrid Human–Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies Human Monoclonal Antibodies Antibody Fragments Combinatorial Libraries of Antibody Fragments A Combinatorial Library of Full-Length Antibodies Shuffling CDR Sequences Dual-Variable-Domain Antibodies Bispecific Antibodies against Hemophilia Anti-HIV Antibodies Anticancer Antibodies Antibodies against Various Diseases Antiobesity Antibodies Enhanced Antibody Half-Life Affibody Molecules summary References review questions Chapter 6 Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Agents Targeting Specific mRNA and DNA Sequences Antisense RNA Aptamers Ribozymes and DNAzymes Interfering RNA Zinc Finger Nucleases CRISPR‐Cas System Nanozymes Nanoparticles Engineering Bacteriophages Viral Delivery Systems Nonviral Delivery Systems Direct Injection Lipids Bacteria Dendrimers Antibodies Aptamers Transposons Gene Therapy Mitochondrial Diseases Prodrug Activation Therapy Promoterless Gene Targeting summary References review questions Chapter 7 Vaccines Vaccination Current and Future Vaccines Subunit and Peptide Vaccines Herpes Simplex Virus Bovine Herpes Virus-1 Cholera Influenza SARS COVID-19 Staphylococcus aureus Human Papillomavirus Foot-and-Mouth Virus Streptococcus Peptides Malaria Delivery Genetic Immunization: DNA Vaccines Delivery Cancer Zika Virus Dental Caries Engineered Attenuated Vaccines Herpes Simplex Virus Cholera Salmonella Species Leishmania Species Vector Vaccines Vaccines Directed against Viruses Vaccines Directed against Bacteria Bacteria as Antigen Delivery Systems Monoclonal Antibody Passive Immunity Influenza Virus summary References review questions Chapter 8 Industrial and Environmental Uses of Recombinant Microorganisms Restriction Endonucleases Small Biological Molecules l-Ascorbic Acid Indigo Amino Acids Lycopene Antibiotics Biopolymers Solvent Tolerance Systems Metabolic Engineering To Optimize Product Yield Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics Genetic Engineering of Biodegradative Pathways Plastics Utilization of Starch and Sugars Commercial Production of Fructose and Alcohol Increasing Alcohol Production Improving Fructose Production Utilization of Cellulose and Hemicellulose Lignocellulosics Cellulase Genes Direct Conversion of Biomass to Ethanol Alcohol Production by Zymomonas mobilis Lipids from Cyanobacteria Hydrogen Production summary References review questions Chapter 9 Large-Scale Production of Proteins and Nucleic Acids from Recombinant Microorganisms Principles of Microbial Growth Batch Fermentation Fed-Batch Fermentation Continuous Fermentation Maximizing the Efficiency of the Fermentation Process High-Density Cell Cultures Increasing Plasmid Stability Quiescent E. coli Cells Protein Secretion Reducing Acetate Improving Antibody Production in E. coli Bioreactors Typical Large-Scale Fermentation Systems Two-Stage Fermentation in Tandem Airlift Reactors Two-Stage Fermentation in a Single Stirred-Tank Reactor Batch versus Fed-Batch Fermentation Harvesting Microbial Cells Disrupting Microbial Cells Downstream Processing Inclusion Bodies Utilizing an Immobilized Enzyme Magnetic Separation of Proteins Large-Scale Production of DNA and RNA Plasmid DNA mRNA summary References review questions Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering of Plants: Methodology Plant Transformation with the Ti Plasmid of A. tumefaciens Ti Plasmid-Derived Vector Systems Increasing Transformation Efficiency Microprojectile Bombardment Chloroplast Engineering Very-High-Level Protein Expression Use of Reporter Genes in Transformed Plant Cells Manipulation of Gene Expression in Plants Transient Gene Expression Plant Promoters Manipulation of Genes in Plants Facilitating Protein Purification Protein Glycosylation Gene Stacking CRISPR-Based Directed Evolution Polycistronic Gene Expression Production of Marker-Free Transgenic Plants Removing Marker Genes from Nuclear DNA Removing Marker Genes from Chloroplast DNA summary References review questions Chapter 11 Transgenic Plants Insect Resistance Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal Toxin Increasing Expression of the B. thuringiensis Protoxin Other Strategies for Protecting Plants against Insects Preventing the Development of B. thuringiensis-Resistant Insects Targeting Aphids Virus Resistance Viral Coat Protein-Mediated Protection Protection by Expression of Other Genes Herbicide Resistance Glyphosate Dicamba Other Herbicides Fungus and Bacterium Resistance Transgenic Plants RNAi and CRISPR/Cas Salt and Drought Stress Increasing Trehalose Production Sequestering Sodium Ions Delaying Drought-Induced Senescence Phytoremediation Fruits and Flowers Flavr Savr Tomato Lowering Ethylene Levels CRISPR Mutants Modification of Plant Nutritional Content Amino Acids Lipids Vitamins Iron Gluten Modification of Food Plant Taste and Appearance Preventing Discoloration Starch Plants as Bioreactors Antibodies Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid) Edible Vaccines Edible Cholera Vaccines Edible E. coli Vaccines Plant Yield Increasing Grain Yield Increasing Harvest Index Decreasing Lignin Content Decreasing Pectin Content Increasing Oxygen Content summary References review questions Chapter 12 Transgenic Animals Transgenic Animal Methodologies DNA Microinjection Method Retroviral Vector Method Engineered Embryonic Stem Cell Method Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer for Transgenic Livestock Genome Editing with the CRISPR‐Cas System Conditional Gene Modification with the Cre–loxP Recombination System Control of Transgene Expression with the Tetracycline‐Inducible System Gene Knockdown by RNA Interference Transgenic Animal Models of Human Diseases Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Rabbit Models of Cardiovascular Disease Zebrafish Melanoma Model Nonhuman Primate Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Animal Bioreactors for Production of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins Production of Recombinant Antithrombin in Goat Milk Production of a Human Protease Inhibitor in Rabbits Production of Therapeutic Proteins in Chicken Eggs Production of Donor Organs in Pigs Enhancing Production Traits of Food Animals Disease‐Resistant Livestock Improving Milk Quality Increasing Muscle Mass in Cattle Enhancing Growth of Salmon Gene Drives To Eradicate Vector‐Transmitted Diseases Malaria Vector Population Suppression Dengue Fever Virus‐Resistant Mosquitoes Reversal Drives summary REFERENCES review questions Chapter 13 Molecular Biotechnology and Society Development of Guidelines for Recombinant DNA Research Deliberate Release of Genetically Modified Microorganisms Environmental Concerns Regulations Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods Food Ingredients Produced by Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Genetically Modified Crops Genetically Engineered Livestock Societal Concerns about Genetically Modified Foods Alteration of Nutritional Content of Food Potential for Introducing Toxins or Allergens into Food Potential for Transferring Transgenes from Food to Humans or Intestinal Microorganisms Controversy about the Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Biodiversity Who Benefits from the Production of Genetically Modified Foods? Environmental Benefits of Genetically Modified Crops How Do Views about Genetically Engineered Organisms Impact Trade? Regulation and Safety of Medical Products of Biotechnology New Biological Drugs Genetic and Genomic Testing Economic Issues Patenting Biotechnology Patenting Patenting in Different Countries Patenting Nucleic Acid Sequences Patenting Living Organisms Patenting and Fundamental Research summary REFERENCES review questions Amino Acids of Proteins and Their Designations Index EULA This resource covers essentially every aspect of the field of molecular biotechnology, which is constantly changing and adapting in light of new advances. It includes the latest techniques in DNA sequencing and genetic engineering of microbial, plant, and animal genomes, including human genome editing, as well as updates across many areas. Molecular Biotechnology Molecular Biotechnology Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA SIXTH EDITION An authoritative introduction to the fast-changing world of molecular biotechnology In continuous publication since 1994 and now in its sixth edition, Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA has been effective in introducing this complex field to students for more than 25 years. This textbook covers essentially every aspect of the field of molecular biotechnology, which is constantly changing and adapting in light of new advances. This edition includes the latest techniques in DNA sequencing and genetic engineering of microbial, plant, and animal genomes, including human genome editing, as well as updates across many areas, such as: Immunological assays for disease diagnosis, more effective bacteriophage therapy, and new ways of dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria New and developing vaccines for influenza, tuberculosis, and emerging viral threats, including Zika and SARS-CoV-2 Engineering bacteria to perform plastic degradation and green algae to produce hydrogen, altering amino acid biosynthesis, and creating designer cellulosomes Production of humanized monoclonal antibodies in plants, modifying hybrid plants to produce clonal hybrids, and protecting plants from viral and fungal diseases Molecular Biotechnology features nearly 600 detailed figures and is an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in introductory biotechnology, as well as courses dedicated to utilizing this technology, such as medical, agricultural, environmental, and industrial biotechnology applications

Molecular Biotechnology

Molecular Biotechnology

Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA

SIXTH EDITION

An authoritative introduction to the fast-changing world of molecular biotechnology

In continuous publication since 1994 and now in its sixth edition, Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA has been effective in introducing this complex field to students for more than 25 years. This textbook covers essentially every aspect of the field of molecular biotechnology, which is constantly changing and adapting in light of new advances.

This edition includes the latest techniques in DNA sequencing and genetic engineering of microbial, plant, and animal genomes, including human genome editing, as well as updates across many areas, such as:

• Immunological assays for disease diagnosis, more effective bacteriophage therapy, and new ways of dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria
• New and developing vaccines for influenza, tuberculosis, and emerging viral threats, including Zika and SARS-CoV-2
• Engineering bacteria to perform plastic degradation and green algae to produce hydrogen, altering amino acid biosynthesis, and creating designer cellulosomes
• Production of humanized monoclonal antibodies in plants, modifying hybrid plants to produce clonal hybrids, and protecting plants from viral and fungal diseases

Molecular Biotechnology features nearly 600 detailed figures and is an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in introductory biotechnology, as well as courses dedicated to utilizing this technology, such as medical, agricultural, environmental, and industrial biotechnology applications.

"Each chapter opens with an outline of topics and concludes with a summary and list of review questions to sharpen students' critical thinking skills. All of the key ideas in the book are illustrated by the more than 600 full-color figures and elaborated in more than 100 tables. After introducing molecular biotechnology as a scientific and economic venture in Chapter 1, the next two chapters explain the detailed methodologies of molecular biotechnology. These chapters provide a solid scientific base for the remainder of the book. Chapters 4 to 8 present examples of applications for microbial molecular biotechnology covering such topics as diagnostic techniques, both protein and nucleic acid therapeutic agents, vaccines, bioremediation of pollutants, the production of metabolites, and biomass utilization by industry. Chapter 9 describes some of the key components of large-scale fermentation processes using recombinant microorganisms. Chapters 10 to 12 describe the molecular manipulation of plants and animals addressing both fundamental approaches and a wide range of applications, with a particular emphasis on agricultural improvements The book concludes in Chapter 13 with a discussion of the interaction of molecular biotechnology with society including some discussion of controversies that have occurred as a consequence of this technology, coverage of the regulation of molecular biotechnology and patents"-- Informació de l'editor "Each chapter opens with an outline of topics and concludes with a summary and list of review questions to sharpen students' critical thinking skills. All of the key ideas in the book are illustrated by the more than 600 full-color figures and elaborated in more than 100 tables. After introducing molecular biotechnology as a scientific and economic venture in Chapter 1, the next two chapters explain the detailed methodologies of molecular biotechnology. These chapters provide a solid scientific base for the remainder of the book. Chapters 4 to 8 present examples of applications for microbial molecular biotechnology covering such topics as diagnostic techniques, both protein and nucleic acid therapeutic agents, vaccines, bioremediation of pollutants, the production of metabolites, and biomass utilization by industry. Chapter 9 describes some of the key components of large-scale fermentation processes using recombinant microorganisms. Chapters 10 to 12 describe the molecular manipulation of plants and animals addressing both fundamental approaches and a wide range of applications, with a particular emphasis on agricultural improvements The book concludes in Chapter 13 with a discussion of the interaction of molecular biotechnology with society including some discussion of controversies that have occurred as a consequence of this technology, coverage of the regulation of molecular biotechnology and patents"-- Provided by publisher "Completely revised and updated, the second edition of the best-selling Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA covers both the underlying scientific principles and the wide-ranging industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications of recombinant DNA technology." "Ideally suited as a text, this book is also an excellent reference for health professionals, scientists, engineers, or attorneys interested in biotechnology."--BOOK JACKET.