Modern trends in physics research : 4th International Conference on Modern Trends in Physics Research, MTPR-10, Cairo University, Egypt, 12-16 December 2010

The objectives of the conference are to develop greater understanding of physics research and its applications to promote new industries; to innovate knowledge about recent breakthroughs in physics, both the fundamental and technological aspects; to implement of international cooperation in new trends in physics research and to improve the performance of the physics research facilities in Egypt. This proceedings highlights the latest results in the fields of astrophysics, atomic, molecular, condensed matter, laser, nuclear and particle physics. The peer refereed papers collected in this volume were written by international experts in these laser fields. CONTENTS Foreword Ahmed Zewail Introduction Lotfia El Nadi Conference Photos OPENING HONORARY KEYNOTE PRESENTATION The Variation of the Solar Diameter and Irradiance: Eclipse Observation of July 11, 2010 Serge Koutchmy, Cyril Bazin, Jean-Yves Prado, Philippe Lamy and Patrick Rocher 1. Introduction 1.1. Some historical background 1.2. The global warming epoch 1.3. About the solar forcing and the activity cycles 2. Irradiance variations and heliometry 2.1- About the possible variations of the solar diameter 2.2- Different methods used to measure the solar diameter 2.3- Solar eclipses to measure the solar diameter 3. The 2010 solar eclipse experiments and preliminary results 3.1- Eclipse photometers to measure the solar diameter 3.2- Eclipse observations and results from Hao 3.3- Discussion of the main Eclipse observations 4. Conclusion Acknowledgments References I. ATOMIC, MOLECULAR AND CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS I-1 KEYNOTE AND PLENARY PAPERS Photo-excitation and Photoionization for Plasma Opacities under the Iron Project Sultana N. Nahar 1. Introduction 1.1. The Opacity Project and the Iron Project 2. Accurate Atomic Data Need 2.1. High Temperature Plasmas in Solar Corona and Abundances 2.2. Low Temperature Plasmas and Nebular Abundances 3. Photo-excitation, Photoionization and Opacity 4. Theoretical Approach 4.1. Breit-Pauli R-matrix Method 4.2. Atomic Quantities 5. Results and Discussions 5.1. Energy Levels and Oscillator Strengths 5.2. Photoionization 5.2.1. High Energy Photoionization 5.2.2. Low Energy Photoionization 6. Conclusion 7. Acknowledgment References Physics of the Corona and Present and Future Major Solar and Heliospheric Space Missions Luc Damé Solar Activities and Space Weather Hazards Ahmed A. Hady 1. Introduction 2. Data analysis and discussion 3. Historical occurrences 4. Interactions with planetary processes 5. Geomagnetic storm effects 6. Conclusion References Electron Beam Ion Trap and Its Applications Yaming Zou Generation, Design and Applications of High Energy Electron Beam Sources — An Overview Munawar Iqbal, Gulib Ul Islam, Haris Rashid and Fazal-E-Aleem 1. Introduction 2. The SLAC Electron Gun 3. The BEPC Electron Gun 4. The KEK Electron Gun 5. Line Source Electron Gun NOTE References Fundamental Studies and Applications of Highly Charged Ions Reinhold Schuch Classification of Spectral Wavelengths in All Regions for Si XII A. I. Refaie 1. Introduction 2. Method of calculations 2.1. Atomic Structure Theory 2.2. The Relativistic Effects 2.3. Electric Dipole Decay Rates 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusion References Some Historic and Current Aspects of Plasma Diagnostics Using Atomic Spectroscopy Roger Hutton Novelty Preparation, Characterization and Enhancement of Magnetic Properties of Mn Nanoferrites Using Safety Binder (Egg White) M. A. Ahmed, N. Okasha and S. I. El-Dek 1. Introduction 2. Experimental techniques 2.1. Sample Preparation 2.2. Characterization 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusion References I-2 CONTRIBUTING PAPERS Stark Broadening Calculations of Several Ti Lines A. I. Refaie and H. Sharkawy 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Set Up 3. Laser Plasma Density and Temperature 4. Results and Discussion 4.1. Evaluation of the Stark broadening and plasma parameters 4.2. Evaluation of the plasma parameters 5. Conclusion References Nanostructure Iron-Silicon Thin Film Deposition Using Plasma Focus Device M. Kotb, A. H. Saudy, S. Hassaballa and M. M. El-Okr I. ABSTRACT: 1. Introduction 2. Experimental set up 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Plasma diagnostic 3.2. X-ray diffraction analysis 3.3. UV-visible spectroscopy 4. Conclusions References Size Confinement and Magnetization Improvement by La3+ Doping in BIFEO3 Quantum Dots M. Ali Ahmed, S. I. El-Dek and M. S. Ayoub Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Conclusion References Synthesis of Rare Earth Doped and Undoped GaN Nano-Crystallites Lotfia El Nadi, S. Ahmed, M. Awaad, Magdy Omar and Y. Badr Introduction Experimental Results and Discussions Conclusion References The Formation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Mn-Ferrite from Magnetite M. A. Ahmed, N. Okasha and D. Nabeel Introduction Results and Discussion Experimental Techniques Conclusion References The Structural, Spectral and Dielectric Properties of Composite System NZF-BT O. M. Hemeda, A. Tawfik, M. A. Amer, B. M. Kamal and D. E. El Refaay 1. Introduction 2. Experimental 2.1. Preparation 2.2. Measurements 3. Results and Discussions 3.1. X-ray Analysis of the Composite Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4-BaTiO3 3.2. IR Spectral Analysis of the Composite Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4-BaTiO3 3.3. The Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectra For the Composite (Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 – BaTiO3) 3.4. Dielectric Constant for the Composite (Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 – BaTiO3) 3.5. Dielectric Loss (tanδ) for the Composite (Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 – BaTiO3) References On the Electrical Conductivity of Poly(vinyl Chloride) / Poly(ethylene Oxide) Blends G. M. Nasr, S. M. Abd El-Wahab and A. Abd El-Athem 1. Introduction 2. Experimental 2.1. Sample preparation 2.2. Electric coating 2.3. Electrical measurement 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Current (I)–voltage (V) characteristics 3.2. Conduction mechanism 3.2.1. Poole–Frenkel mechanism 3.2.2. Fowler–Nordheim mechanism 3.2.3. Schottky mechanism 3.3. Electrical conductivity 3.3.1. Concentration dependence 3.3.2. Temperature dependence Conclusion Acknowledgments References Conductivity Enhancement of Mn Zn Ferrite by Gamma Irradiation M. A. Ahmed, A. M. Diab and S. F. Mansour 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Techniques 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. X-ray Diffraction pattern 3.2. Electrical properties 4. Composition Dependence ependence 5. Conclusion References Effect of Y3+ Cation on the Electrical Properties of Ni-Zn Ferrites L. M. Salah 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Procedure 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusion References Characterization and Dramatic Variations of the Magnetic Properties of Cu-Doped Nanometric Co-Ferrite M. A. Ahmed, S. F. Mansour and M. A. Abdo 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Techniques 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusion References Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Nd2Fe14B Intermetallic Compound Abeer E. Aly 1. Introduction 2. METHOD OF CALCULATIONS 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. SPIN-POLARIZED ONLY 3.2. LDA+U WITHOUT SPIN-ORBIT COUPLING 3.3. LDA+U PLUS SPIN-ORBIT COUPLING (SO) 4. Conclusions References The Optical Properties of Poly(vinyl Chloride) / Poly(ethylene Oxide) Blends G. M. Nasr, S. M. Abd El-Wahab and A. Abd El-Athem 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Details 2.1. Sample Preparation 2.2. FTIR Analysis 2.3. UV-Visible Analysis 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Compatibility Studies 3.2. UV spectroscopy 3.2.1. Interband transition Conclusion Acknowledgments References Giant Enhancement in the Physical Properties of LaFeO3 by Substitution of Divalent Ions M. A. Ahmed, S. I. Dek and M. M. Arman 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Techniques 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusion References II. HIGH DENSITY SHORT PULSE LASERS, LASERS AND APPLICATIONS II-1 KEYNOTE, PLENARY AND INVITED PRESENTATIONS Laser Driven Secondary Sources for Spectroscopy, Plasma Diagnostics and Other Applications Thomas Kuehl, Bastian Aurand, Vincent Bagnoud, Boris Ecker, Udo Eisenbarth, Daniel Hochhaus, Paul Neumayer, Huanyu Zhao, Bernhard Zielbauer, Daniel Zimmer, Jamil Habib, Sophie Kazamias, Annie Klisnick, David Ros, Josef Seres, Christian Spielmann and Daniel Ursescu 1. The PHELIX Project at the GSI Helmholtz Centre 2. Soft X-ray Sources 3. Proton Acceleration References Advanced Laboratory for High Density Physics Lotfia El Nadi, A. Naser A. Fettoh, A. Refaie, Galila A. Mehena, Hussien A. Moniem, Hisham Imam, Khaled A. Elsayed, Magdy Omar and Salah H. Naby Introduction 1. The Architecture of the High Density Short Pulse Laser 1.1 Femtosecond Oscillator 1.2 Booster 10 Hz Amplifier 1.3 Passive Pulse Cleaner 1.4 Stretcher 1.5 Regenerative Amplifier 1.6 Pre-Amplifier 1.7 Main High Energy Amplifier 1.8 Compressor 2. Interaction Processes of HDSP Lasers with Matter 3. Conclusion References High Energy Density Physics: The Laser Field of Tomorrow Richard R. Freeman Characterization of DC Glow Discharge Plasma by Hollow Cathode K. H. Metwally, A. H. Saudy, M. Farouk and M. M. El-Okr Introduction Experimental Setup Results and Discussion Conclusions References The Texas Petawatt Laser and Technology Development Towards an Exawatt Laser Todd Ditmier II-2 CONTRIBUTING PAPERS Density Packed 2-D Matrix-Addressable Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Arrays Abdel-Sattar Gadallah and Rainer Michalzik 1. Introduction 2. Layer Structure 3. Fabrication Processes 4. Laser Characteristics of Matrix-Addressable VCSEL Arrays 5. Conclusions Acknowledgment References XUV and Soft X-ray Laser Radiation from Ni-like Au Wessameldin S. Abdelaziz and H. M. Hamed 1. Introduction 2. Computation of Gain Coefficient 3. Result and Discussions 3.1 Level Population 3.2 Gain Coefficient 4. Conclusion References Enhanced Type-I Polarization-Entangled Photons Using CW-Diode Laser Salem Hegazy, Mohy S. Mansour and Lotfia El Nadi 1. INTRODUCTION 2. EXPERIMENT 2.1. Entanglement Measurements 3. EFFECT OF TILTING THE TWO-CRYSTAL SET ON OVERLAPPING OF THE SPDC CONES 3.1. Case A: Tilting in the plane of pump beam and optic axis 3.2. Case B: Tilting in plane normal to plane of pump beam and optic axis 4. CALCULATIONS OF SPECTRAL-TEMPORAL COMPENSATION 5. CALCULATIONS OF SPATIAL PHASE COMPENSATION REFERENCES Effect of Preparation Method on Luminescence Properties and Quantum Efficiency of CdTe QDs A.M. Saad, M. M. Bakr, M. A. Kana and I. M. Azzouz 1. Introduction 2. Experimental 2.1. Method “A” 2.2. Method “B” 2.3. Techniques 3. Results 4. Conclusion References Novel Process for Laser Stain Removal from Archeological Oil Paintings Lotfia El Nadi, Osama El-Feky, Galila Abdellatif and Sawsan Darwish 1 . Introduction 2 . Experimental Procedure 2. 1. Sample Preparation 2. 2. Geometrical Setup 3. Treatment of the sample 3.1. The traditional method 3.2. Laser Photo Dynamic Process 4. Method of Inspection 5. Results 6. Discussion and Conclusion 7 . References Application of Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy on Breast Cancer Diagnoses A. Abd-Alfattah, A. A. Eldakrouri, H. Emam and I. M. Azzouz 1. Introduction 2. Experiment 3. Result and Discussion 4. Conclusions References Ultrafast Process in Condensed Matter Studied with Ultrashort Laser Pulses Panagnioti A. Loukakous III. NUCLEAR, PARTICLE PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS III-1 KEYNOTE, PLENARY AND INVITED PAPERS Energy Security of India — Nuclear Energy — An Inevitable Option Present Plans and Future Perspectives Jai P. Mittal Charge Measurements of Fragmented Nuclei of Si at Different Energies M. S. EL-Nagdy, A. Abdelsalam, A. Algaood and M. Ahmed INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Passive Safety Features in Advanced Nuclear Power Plant Design M. Tahir, I. R. Chughatai and M. Aslam Rsearch Studies Performed Using the Cairo Fourier Diffractometer Facility R. M. A. Maayouf INTRODUCTION NEW DEVELOPMENTS OF THE CFDF FAULT DIAGONATIC SYSTEM THE DEVLOPMENT OF PLASTIC NEURTON MIRRORS Experimental details Results and discussion CONCLUSIONS LIST OF DISSERTATIONS PERFORMED USING THE CFDF (supervised by Prof. Dr. R.M.A. Maayouf) REFERENCES K-Surfaces in Schwarzschild Geometry Ayub Faridi, Fazal-E-Aleem and Haris Rashid 1. Introduction 2. K-Slicing of Spacetime 3. Alternate Methodology 4. Conclusion NOTE 5. References X-Rays of Heavy Elements for Nanotechnological Applications: W and Pb Ions Sultana N. Nahar 1. Introduction 2. Auger Process and Resonant Theranostics 3. Atomic Processes and Parameters, and Theoretical Approach 4. Computations 5. X-ray Irradiation with Bremsstrahlung and Monochromatic Sources 6. Results and Discussion 6.1. 1s-2p K Transitions of W and Pb ions 6.2. Energies and Strengths in Resonant X-ray Photoionization 7. Conclusion 8. Acknowledgment References Effects of Radon Inhalation on Some Biophysical Properties of Blood in Rats M. F. Essa, Fayez M. Shahin, Ashour M. Ahmed and Omar Abdel-Salam Introduction 1. Experimental Techniques 1.1. Radon exposure system 1.2. Radon doses measurement 1.3. RBC morphology 1.4. UV/Vis. spectroscopic studies of hemoglobin 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Radon doses measurements 3.2. RBC morphology 3.3. Hemoglobin UV-spectra 4. Conclusions References Injection of Scattered Disc Objects into the Inner Solar System in Response to Shrinkage of the Heliosphere Steven Foster and Shahinaz Yousef Introduction THE DYNAMIC HELIOSPHERE Conclusions References III-2 CONTRIBUTING PAPERS Transverse Momentum Spectra of Alpha-Particles as Projectile Fragments in Nucleus-Em Interaction at (4.1– 4.5)A GeV/C S. S. Abd El-Aziz, M. Mohery and M. H. Soleiman 1.Introduction 2.Experimental Work 3.Method of analysis 4.Results and discussions 5.Conclusions Acknowledgment References Light-Strange Mesons Decays in the Quark Model A. M. Yasser, E. M. Hassan, M. A. Fawzy and M. A. Allosh 1. Introduction 2. The Model 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusion References Surprising Rapid Collapse of Sirius B from Red Giant to White Dwarf Through Mass Transfer to Sirius A Shahinaz Yousef and Ola Ali INTRODUCTION MASS TRANSFER BETWEEN BINARY COMPANIONS 1-THE RED SIRIUS PARADOX EXPLANATION OF THE RED CLOUR OF SIRIUS IN ANTIQUATY AND UP TILL 1400 Y AGO 2-MORE ON THE ALGOL PARADOX CONCLUSION REFERENCES Evaluation of Radioactivity Concentration in Tilapia Nilotica and Radiation Dose to Egyptian Population Hannan H. Amer and Enas H. El-Khawas 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Materials 2.2. Preparation of Fish Samples 2.3. Alpha – Autoradiography 2.3.1. Preparation of detector for samples exposure 2.3.2. The registration of track density and determination of the alpha activity in samples (tissue, bones) ashing 2.4. Natural Radioactivity in Biological Samples 2.5. Samples Preparation for Radiometric Analysis 2.6. Radioactivity Measurements 2.7. Specific Activity Measurements 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Natural Radionuclides in Bolti (Tilapia nilotica) Fish Samples 3.2. Daily Radionuclides’ Intakes from (scientific name of fish) Fish 3.4. Annual Internal Dose 3.5. Radiation Hazards due to Radionuclides’ Concentrations References Solar Forcings on Nile and Earthquakes Saad Mohammed Al-Shehri, Ismail Sabbah, Shahinaz Yousef and Magdy Y. Amin Introduction Power Spectral Density PSD Terrestrial Responses 1-The Equatorial and Ethiopian Sources of Nile Floods 2-Sun- Earthquakes Periodicidities Conclusions Acknowledgements References Author Index The objectives of the conference are to develop greater understanding of physics research and its applications to promote new industries; to innovate knowledge about recent breakthroughs in physics, both the fundamental and technological aspects; to implement of international cooperation in new trends in physics research and to improve the performance of the physics research facilities in Egypt. This proceedings highlights the latest results in the fields of astrophysics, atomic, molecular, condensed matter, lasers, nuclear and particle physics. The peer refereed papers collected in this volume were written by international experts in these fields