Modern Technologies For Landslide Monitoring And Prediction (springer Natural Hazards)

Modern Technologies For Landslide Investigation And Prediction Presents Eleven Contributed Chapters From Chinese And Italian Authors, As A Follow-up Of A Bilateral Workshop Held In Shanghai On September 2013. Chapters Are Organized In Three Main Parts: Ground-based Monitoring Techniques (photogrammetry, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, Ground-based Insar, Infrared Thermography, And Gnss Networks), Geophysical (passive Seismic Sensor Networks) And Geotechnical Methods (sph And Slide), And Satellite Remote-sensing Techniques (insar And Optical Images). Authors Of These Contributes Are Internationally-recognized Experts In Their Respective Research Fields. Marco Scaioni Works In The College Of Surveying And Geo-informatics At Tongji University, Shanghai (p.r. China). His Research Fields Are Mainly Close-range Photogrammetry, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, And Other Ground-based Sensors For Metrological And Deformation Monitoring Applications To Structural Engineering And Geosciences. In The Period 2012-2016 He Is Chairman Of The Working Group V/3 In The International Society For Photogrammetry And Remote Sensing, Focusing On ‘terrestrial 3d Imaging And Sensors’. Close-range Photogrammetric Techniques For Deformation Measurement: Applications To Landslides -- A Fixed Terrestrial Photogrammetric System For Landslide Monitoring -- A New Approach Based On Terrestrial Remote Sensing Techniques For rock Fall Hazard Assessment -- Multi-temporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning Survey Of A Landslide -- Micro-scale Landslide Displacements Detection Using Bayesian Methods Applied To Gnss Data -- Analysis Of Microseismic Activity Within Unstable Rock Slopes -- The State Of The Art Of Sph Modelling For Flow-slide Propagation -- Predictability Of A Physically-based Model For Rainfall-induced Shallow Landslides: Model Development And Case Studies -- Monitoring Landslide Activities In The Three Gorges Area With Multi-frequency Satellite Sar Datasets -- Radar Technologies For Landslide Detection, Monitoring, Early Warning And Emergency Management -- A New Approach To Satellite Time Series Co-registration For Landslide Monitoring. Edited By Marco Scaioni. Preface 6 Acknowledgments 7 Scientific Committee 8 Contents 9 1 Introduction 11 1 Landslide Technology in China and Italy 11 2 Content of this Volume 13 2.1 Ground-Based Monitoring Techniques 14 2.2 Geophysical and Geotechnical Methods 15 2.3 Satellite Remote-Sensing Techniques 16 References 17 Part I Ground-Based Monitoring Techniques 20 2 Close-Range Photogrammetric Techniques for Deformation Measurement: Applications to Landslides 21 Abstract 21 1 Introduction: Remote Sensing for Landslide Investigations 22 1.1 Photogrammetry for Deformation Measurement 25 1.2 Applications of CRPh to Landslides 27 2 Methodologies 28 2.1 Surface-point Tracking 28 2.1.1 Image Matching 29 Area-based Matching 29 Feature-based Matching 30 Selection of ABM/FBM 30 2.1.2 Camera Configurations in SPF 30 2.2 Comparison of Digital Surface Models 31 2.2.1 Dense Image Matching 31 2.2.2 Area-Based Deformation Measurement 32 3 Some Examples 34 3.1 Review of the Literature 34 3.2 Application in a Scaled-down Landslide Simulation Platform 36 3.3 Monitoring of a Slope Using Multi-station Photogrammetry 39 4 Conclusions 42 Acknowledgments 44 References 44 3 A Fixed Terrestrial Photogrammetric System for Landslide Monitoring 50 Abstract 50 1 Introduction 51 1.1 Previous Work on the Topic 52 2 The Photogrammetric System 53 2.1 Stereo-Camera System Architecture 53 2.2 System Calibration 55 2.2.1 Interior Orientation Parameters 55 2.2.2 Exterior Orientation Parameters 56 3 Metrological Analysis of the System 57 3.1 Image Stability of the System 59 3.2 Analysis of the Sensor Orientation Stability 59 3.3 Correction of Unwanted Rotations 62 4 Image Processing Workflow 64 5 Surface Point Tracking 65 6 Landslide Monitoring: The `Mont de La Saxe' Case 67 7 Conclusions 71 Acknowledgments 71 References 72 4 A New Approach Based on Terrestrial Remote-sensing Techniques for Rock Fall Hazard Assessment 75 Abstract 75 1 Introduction 76 2 Remote-sensing Investigation of Natural Cliffs 76 2.1 Terrestrial Laser Scanner 76 2.2 Infrared Thermography 77 2.3 Ground-Based SAR Interferometry 78 3 Priority Mapping of Natural Cliffs 78 3.1 Geological Setting of the Monte Pucci Coastal Cliff 79 3.2 Remote-sensing Surveys 80 3.3 ERFAM Analysis 83 3.4 State of Activity Analysis 88 3.5 Priority Classes 89 4 Discussion and Conclusions 90 References 91 5 Multi-temporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning Survey of a Landslide 94 Abstract 94 1 Introduction 95 1.1 Terrestrial Laser Scanning 97 2 Case Study and Surveying Operations 99 3 Data Processing 102 3.1 GNSS Data Processing 103 3.2 TLS Data Processing 103 3.3 DEM Processing 107 4 Results 110 4.1 Points Versus Mesh Comparison 110 4.2 DEM Subtraction 112 4.2.1 Landslide's Bodies' Identification 115 4.3 Cross-Sectional Analysis 117 5 Discussion 118 6 Conclusions 123 References 123 6 Micro-scale Landslide Displacements Detection Using Bayesian Methods Applied to GNSS Data 127 Abstract 127 1 Introduction 128 1.1 Geodetic Techniques for Change Detection of the Earth Surface 128 1.2 GNSS for Deformation Monitoring of Earth Surface 129 2 Study Area 130 3 Materials and Methods 130 3.1 The GNSS Control Network 130 3.2 Analysis of Displacements with the Bayesian Method 133 4 Results and Discussion 139 References 141 Part II Geophysical and Geotechnical Methods 143 7 Analysis of Microseismic Activity Within Unstable Rock Slopes 144 Abstract 144 1 Introduction: Passive Seismics for Unstable Rock Slope Monitoring 145 2 Induced Crack Propagation Test 147 3 Mt. San Martino Monitoring Network 149 4 Preliminary Data Analysis 151 5 Conclusions 156 Acknowledgments 157 References 157 8 The State of the Art of SPH Modelling for Flow-slide Propagation 158 Abstract 158 1 Introduction 158 2 SPH Applications to Flow Slides 159 2.1 Flow-like Landslides 160 2.2 Landslide-generated Waves 162 2.3 Debris Flows 164 3 Conclusions 165 Acknowledgment 165 References 165 9 Predictability of a Physically Based Model for Rainfall-induced Shallow Landslides: Model Development and Case Studies 168 Abstract 168 1 Introduction 169 2 Methodology 170 2.1 Model Development 170 2.2 Data Collection 171 2.2.1 Land Surface Data and Parameters 171 2.2.2 Precipitation 172 3 Application of SLIDE Model at Regional Scale 173 3.1 Case Study 1---Landslides Triggered by Typhoons in Indonesia 173 3.2 Case Study 2---Landslides Triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Honduras 174 4 Summary and Conclusions 178 Acknowledgments 179 References 179 Part III Satellite Remote-Sensing Techniques 182 10 Monitoring Landslide Activities in the Three Gorges Area with Multi-frequency Satellite SAR Data Sets 183 Abstract 183 1 Introduction 184 2 Methodology 187 2.1 Differential Interferometry 187 2.2 Time Series Analysis 190 2.2.1 Permanent/Persistent/Coherent Scatterer InSAR 190 2.2.2 Small Baseline Subset 192 2.3 Point-like Target Offset Tracking 193 3 Study Area and Data Sets 194 3.1 Study Area 194 3.2 Test Data Sets 194 4 Experimental Results 196 4.1 Monitoring of Huangtupo Landslide 196 4.1.1 Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) Analyses 197 4.1.2 Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry (PSI) 197 4.2 Monitoring of Fanjiaping Landslide 202 4.3 Monitoring of Shuping Landslide 204 5 Discussion and Conclusions 206 Acknowledgments 207 References 207 11 Radar Technologies for Landslide Detection, Monitoring, Early Warning and Emergency Management 211 Abstract 211 1 Introduction 212 2 Radar Techniques 213 3 Satellite SAR Data for Landslide Detection 215 4 PSI for Landslide Monitoring 218 5 GBSAR for Hazard Scenario Definition in Emergency Conditions 221 6 GBSAR for Early Warning 225 7 Conclusion 228 Acknowledgements 230 References 230 12 A New Approach to Satellite Time-series Co-registration for Landslide Monitoring 235 Abstract 235 1 Introduction 236 2 Algorithm Description 238 2.1 Detection of Corresponding Image Features 239 2.2 Estimation of the Geometric Model 240 3 Case Study 242 3.1 Study Area and Data 242 3.2 Data Processing 244 4 Results and Discussion 246 5 Final Considerations 248 Acknowledgments 249 References 250 Front Matter....Pages i-xii Introduction....Pages 1-9 Front Matter....Pages 11-11 Close-Range Photogrammetric Techniques for Deformation Measurement: Applications to Landslides....Pages 13-41 A Fixed Terrestrial Photogrammetric System for Landslide Monitoring....Pages 43-67 A New Approach Based on Terrestrial Remote-sensing Techniques for Rock Fall Hazard Assessment....Pages 69-87 Multi-temporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning Survey of a Landslide....Pages 89-121 Micro-scale Landslide Displacements Detection Using Bayesian Methods Applied to GNSS Data....Pages 123-138 Front Matter....Pages 139-139 Analysis of Microseismic Activity Within Unstable Rock Slopes....Pages 141-154 The State of the Art of SPH Modelling for Flow-slide Propagation....Pages 155-164 Predictability of a Physically Based Model for Rainfall-induced Shallow Landslides: Model Development and Case Studies....Pages 165-178 Front Matter....Pages 179-179 Monitoring Landslide Activities in the Three Gorges Area with Multi-frequency Satellite SAR Data Sets....Pages 181-208 Radar Technologies for Landslide Detection, Monitoring, Early Warning and Emergency Management....Pages 209-232 A New Approach to Satellite Time-series Co-registration for Landslide Monitoring....Pages 233-249 Modern Technologies for Landslide Investigation and Prediction presents eleven contributed chapters from Chinese and Italian authors, as a follow-up of a bilateral workshop held in Shanghai on September 2013. Chapters are organized in three main parts: ground-based monitoring techniques (photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning, ground-based InSAR, infrared thermography, and GNSS networks), geophysical (passive seismic sensor networks) and geotechnical methods (SPH and SLIDE), and satellite remote-sensing techniques (InSAR and optical images). Authors of these contributes are internationally-recognized experts in their respective research fields.℗l Marco Scaioni works in the college of Surveying and Geo-Informatics at Tongji University, Shanghai (P.R. China). His research fields are mainly Close-range Photogrammetry, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, and other ground-based sensors for metrological and deformation monitoring applications to structural engineering and geosciences. In the period 2012-2016 he is chairman of the Working Group V/3 in the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, focusing on ĺlTerrestrial 3D Imaging and Sensorsĺl