Modern Philosophy: From 1500 Ce to the Present (The History of Philosophy)

An overview of philosophy, organized by time period, that covers the Renaissance, the early modern period, the Age of Enlightenment, the nineteenth century, and today. Responding to the needs of an increasingly secularized and educated populace, the philosophical tradition since the Renaissance has shifted dramatically away from that of the preceding centuries. Concerned more with rationality, human nature, and human interaction with society and the world than the theological questions of the Middle Ages, contemporary philosophy has advanced study of the limits of the human mind. This insightful volume traces the evolution of present-day Western philosophy and the diverging methods of inquiry that continue to inform a wide range of disciplines BOOK COVER......Page 1 TITLE......Page 4 COPYRIGHT......Page 5 CONTENTS......Page 6 INTRODUCTION......Page 9 CHAPTER 1 PHILOSOPHY IN THE RENAISSANCE......Page 20 THE HUMANISTIC BACKGROUND......Page 23 THE IDEAL OF HUMANITAS......Page 26 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND ATTITUDES......Page 29 HUMANIST THEMES IN RENAISSANCE THOUGHT......Page 35 NORTHERN HUMANISM......Page 43 HUMANISM AND PHILOSOPHY......Page 45 POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY......Page 47 PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE......Page 49 GIOVANNI PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA......Page 54 NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI......Page 55 EARLY LIFE AND POLITICAL CAREER......Page 56 WRITINGS......Page 60 JEAN BODIN......Page 67 GIORDANO BRUNO......Page 68 EARLY LIFE......Page 69 WORKS......Page 71 FINAL YEARS......Page 73 THE EMPIRICISM OF FRANCIS BACON......Page 76 BACON’S SCHEME......Page 77 THE IDOLS OF THE MIND......Page 80 THE NEW METHOD......Page 82 THE MATERIALISM OF THOMAS HOBBES......Page 83 HOBBES’S SYSTEM......Page 85 POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY......Page 86 THE RATIONALISM OF RENÉ DESCARTES......Page 91 DESCARTES’S SYSTEM......Page 93 MEDITATIONS......Page 95 THE RATIONALISM OF BENEDICT DE SPINOZA......Page 98 THE RATIONALISM OF GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ......Page 101 SOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENLIGHTENMENT THOUGHT......Page 104 CLASSICAL BRITISH EMPIRICISM......Page 108 JOHN LOCKE......Page 110 GEORGE BERKELEY......Page 113 DAVID HUME......Page 117 NONEPISTEMOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS......Page 124 MATERIALISM AND SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY......Page 125 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY......Page 126 IMMANUEL KANT......Page 139 CHAPTER 4 THE 19TH CENTURY......Page 144 GERMAN IDEALISM......Page 147 JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE......Page 148 GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL......Page 149 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THEORY......Page 153 THE POSITIVISM OF AUGUSTE COMTE......Page 154 THE UTILITARIANISM OF JEREMY BENTHAM AND JOHN STUART MILL......Page 157 KARL MARX......Page 161 INDEPENDENT AND IRRATIONALIST MOVEMENTS......Page 165 ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER......Page 167 SØREN KIERKEGAARD......Page 168 FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE......Page 169 WILHELM DILTHEY AND HENRI BERGSON......Page 174 JOHN DEWEY AND ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD......Page 177 MARXIST THOUGHT......Page 179 VLADIMIR ILICH LENIN......Page 180 GYÖRGY LUKÁCS AND ANTONIO GRAMSCI......Page 182 CRITICAL THEORY......Page 184 NON-MARXIST POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY......Page 187 HANNAH ARENDT......Page 188 JOHN RAWLS......Page 190 CRITIQUES OF PHILOSOPHICAL LIBERALISM......Page 193 ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY......Page 195 THE FORMALIST TRADITION......Page 196 THE INFORMALIST TRADITION......Page 201 THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF EDMUND HUSSERL AND MARTIN HEIDEGGER......Page 204 THE EXISTENTIALISM OF KARL JASPERS AND JEAN-PAUL SARTRE......Page 207 CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY SINCE THE 1950S......Page 209 THE RELEVANCE OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY......Page 213 GLOSSARY......Page 215 EARLY MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY......Page 217 INDEX......Page 219 BACK COVER......Page 225 BOOK COVER 1 TITLE 4 COPYRIGHT 5 CONTENTS 6 INTRODUCTION 9 CHAPTER 1 PHILOSOPHY IN THE RENAISSANCE 20 THE HUMANISTIC BACKGROUND 23 THE IDEAL OF HUMANITAS 26 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND ATTITUDES 29 HUMANIST THEMES IN RENAISSANCE THOUGHT 35 NORTHERN HUMANISM 43 HUMANISM AND PHILOSOPHY 45 POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 47 PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE 49 GIOVANNI PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA 54 NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI 55 EARLY LIFE AND POLITICAL CAREER 56 WRITINGS 60 JEAN BODIN 67 GIORDANO BRUNO 68 EARLY LIFE 69 WORKS 71 FINAL YEARS 73 CHAPTER 2 EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY 76 THE EMPIRICISM OF FRANCIS BACON 76 BACON’S SCHEME 77 THE IDOLS OF THE MIND 80 THE NEW METHOD 82 THE MATERIALISM OF THOMAS HOBBES 83 HOBBES’S SYSTEM 85 POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 86 THE RATIONALISM OF RENÉ DESCARTES 91 DESCARTES’S SYSTEM 93 MEDITATIONS 95 THE RATIONALISM OF BENEDICT DE SPINOZA 98 THE RATIONALISM OF GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ 101 CHAPTER 3 PHILOSOPHY IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT 104 SOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENLIGHTENMENT THOUGHT 104 CLASSICAL BRITISH EMPIRICISM 108 JOHN LOCKE 110 GEORGE BERKELEY 113 DAVID HUME 117 NONEPISTEMOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS 124 MATERIALISM AND SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY 125 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 126 IMMANUEL KANT 139 CHAPTER 4 THE 19TH CENTURY 144 GERMAN IDEALISM 147 JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE 148 GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL 149 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THEORY 153 THE POSITIVISM OF AUGUSTE COMTE 154 THE UTILITARIANISM OF JEREMY BENTHAM AND JOHN STUART MILL 157 KARL MARX 161 INDEPENDENT AND IRRATIONALIST MOVEMENTS 165 ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER 167 SØREN KIERKEGAARD 168 FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 169 WILHELM DILTHEY AND HENRI BERGSON 174 CHAPTER 5 CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY 177 JOHN DEWEY AND ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD 177 MARXIST THOUGHT 179 VLADIMIR ILICH LENIN 180 GYÖRGY LUKÁCS AND ANTONIO GRAMSCI 182 CRITICAL THEORY 184 NON-MARXIST POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 187 HANNAH ARENDT 188 JOHN RAWLS 190 CRITIQUES OF PHILOSOPHICAL LIBERALISM 193 ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY 195 THE FORMALIST TRADITION 196 THE INFORMALIST TRADITION 201 CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY 204 THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF EDMUND HUSSERL AND MARTIN HEIDEGGER 204 THE EXISTENTIALISM OF KARL JASPERS AND JEAN-PAUL SARTRE 207 CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY SINCE THE 1950S 209 THE RELEVANCE OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY 213 GLOSSARY 215 BIBLIOGRAPHY 217 RENAISSANCE PHILOSOPHY 217 EARLY MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY 217 INDEX 219 BACK COVER 225 1615301453,9781615301454,161530245X,9781615302451 The human mind has long hungered to understand deep truths. Though ideas of this nature are often impossible to explain definitively, numerous individuals dedicate their lives to seeking answers that transcend the mechanical and approach the metaphysical. The books in this absorbing series invite readers to pose their most probing questions alongside the philosophers who came before them and learn about the various strains of thought that developed over time in response. Students will also discover the interplay between philosophy and religion as well as the mathematical basis for much philosophical thought. Presents the history of modern philosophy and includes profiles of notable philosophers, discussing the writings of the Renaissance, Rationalism, Enlightenment, and Empiricism.