Modern Electrosynthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry (New Directions in Organic & Biological Chemistry)

Marken Frank. (ed.) Modern electrosynthetic methods in organic chemistry [New Directions in Organic & Biological Chemistry Series] 2019 [pdf 195sc 182c. 16.18mb] Modern Electrosynthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry introduces readers to new ways of making materials and compounds using low waste processes, employing energy from electricity rather than chemical reagents. It explores electro-organic synthesis, which offers clean synthesis tools as well as unusual reaction intermediates and reaction types. Despite applications previously remaining niche, due to the advent of microfluidic reactors this book is a must-read for industry professionals and academics alike. It targets specific areas of recent progress and development in the field that show high novelty and potential, at the same time inviting a wider range of applications in green and clean technology. Abstract: Modern Electrosynthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry introduces readers to new ways of making materials and compounds using low waste processes, employing energy from electricity rather than chemical reagents. It explores electro-organic synthesis, which offers clean synthesis tools as well as unusual reaction intermediates and reaction types. Despite applications previously remaining niche, due to the advent of microfluidic reactors this book is a must-read for industry professionals and academics alike. It targets specific areas of recent progress and development in the field that show high novelty and potential, at the same time inviting a wider range of applications in green and clean technology Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 6 Preface 8 Editors 10 Contributors 12 Chapter 1 Introduction to Practical Methods in Electroorganic Syntheses 14 1.1 Introduction to Electrosynthetic Methods 14 1.1.1 Approaching Electroorganic Synthesis 17 1.1.2 Mass Transport 20 1.1.2.1 Mass Transport and Computational Mechanistic Tools 22 1.1.3 Solvents and Electrolytes 23 1.1.3.1 Organic Solvents 23 1.1.3.2 Ionic Liquids 24 1.1.3.3 Polymer Solvents 27 1.2 Methodology for Direct Transformations 28 1.2.1 Anodic Processes 28 1.2.2 Cathodic Processes 35 1.3 Methodology for Indirect and Catalytic Transformations 37 1.3.1 Anodic Processes 37 1.3.2 Cathodic Processes 43 1.4 Methodology for Paired Transformations 44 1.5 Outlook, Conclusions, and Recommendations 47 References 48 Chapter 2 Cogeneration Electrosynthesis 58 2.1 Introduction 58 2.2 Electricity and Chemical Cogeneration Processes 61 2.2.1 Introduction to Cogeneration 61 2.2.2 Chemical Cogeneration in Aqueous Electrolyte Fuel Cells 62 2.2.3 Chemical Cogeneration in Aqueous Phosphorous Acid Fuel Cells 64 2.2.4 Chemical Cogeneration in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells 65 2.2.5 Chemical Cogeneration in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 70 2.2.6 Chemical Cogeneration in Molten Salt Fuel Cells 75 2.3 Conclusion 75 References 76 Chapter 3 Photoelectrochemically Driven Electrosynthesis 80 3.1 Introduction to Photoelectrochemistry 80 3.2 Advantages of Light-Assisted Electrosynthesis in Mediator System 81 3.3 Light-Assisted Electrosynthesis by Natural Cobalamin Derivative 82 3.4 Light-Assisted Electrosynthesis by Vitamin B[sub(12)] Derivatives 84 3.5 Light-Assisted Electrosynthesis by Simple Vitamin B[sub(12)] Model Complex 87 3.6 Outer or Inner Photovoltaic Device Systems 89 3.7 Concluding Remarks 91 References 91 Chapter 4 Ultrasound Activation in Electrosynthesis 94 4.1 Introduction 94 4.2 Experimental Methods in Sonoelectrosyntheses 95 4.3 Mass Transfer Promotion in Electrosynthetic Processes under Ultrasonication 98 4.4 Product Selectivity Control in Electrosynthetic Processes under Ultrasonication 100 4.5 Ultrasonic Dispersion in Multiphase Electrolyte Systems 102 4.6 Ultrasound in Electropolymerization 104 4.7 Concluding Remarks 105 References 105 Chapter 5 Novel Electrode Materials in Electroorganic Synthesis 110 5.1 Introduction to Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes 110 5.2 Cathodic Conversions at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes 112 5.2.1 Carbon Dioxide Reduction 112 5.2.2 Cathodic Reductive Coupling of Methyl Cinnamates 113 5.2.3 Reduction of Oximes 114 5.3 Anodic Transformations at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes 116 5.3.1 Alkoxylation Reactions 116 5.3.2 Fluorination 117 5.3.3 Cyanation 117 5.3.4 Cleavage of C,C-Bonds 118 5.3.5 Electrochemical Amination Reactions 118 5.3.6 Anodic Phenol Coupling Reaction 120 5.4 Novel Concepts and Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Reductions 123 5.4.1 Improvement of Existing Cathodes 123 5.4.2 Novel Cathode Materials 124 5.5 Summary 132 References 132 Chapter 6 Electrosynthesis of Functional Polymer Materials 140 6.1 Introduction 140 6.2 Electrosynthesis of Conducting Polymers 141 6.2.1 Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers 141 6.2.2 Anodic Electropolymerization of Aromatic Monomers 141 6.2.3 Copolymer Synthesis by Electrochemical Methods 142 6.2.4 Cathodic Electropolymerization of Aromatic Monomers 144 6.2.5 Electrosynthesis of Polysilanes 144 6.3 Electrochemical Post-functionalization of Conducting Polymers 146 6.3.1 Anodic Substitution Reaction of Conducting Polymers 146 6.3.2 Cathodic Reaction and Paired Reactions 150 6.3.3 Concurrent Reduction and Substitution Method 151 6.3.4 Intramolecular Cyclization of Conducting Polymers 152 6.4 Electrosynthesis of Nonconjugated Polymers 153 6.4.1 Electroactive Polymers 153 6.4.2 Electrochemically Controlled Polymerization 154 6.4.3 Electrochemical Cross-Linking Reaction of Nonconjugated Polymers 155 6.5 Conclusion and Outlook 155 References 156 Chapter 7 Biphasic and Emulsion Electroorganic Syntheses 162 7.1 Introduction to Emulsion and Biphasic Electrosynthesis 162 7.2 Surfactant-Stabilized Biphasic Electrolysis 167 7.3 Surfactant-Free Biphasic Electrolysis 168 7.4 Triple-Phase Boundary Electrolysis 170 7.5 Conclusion and Outlook 173 References 175 Chapter 8 Solid-to-Solid Transformations in Organic Electrosynthesis 180 8.1 Introduction 180 8.2 Antecedents: Solid-State Electrochemistry 180 8.3 Solid-to-Solid Electrochemical Transformations 181 8.4 Solid-to-Solid Electrosynthesis of Organic Compounds 183 8.5 Catalytic Electrosynthesis 186 8.6 Concluding Remarks 189 References 189 Index 194 Content: Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Editors Contributors Chapter 1 Introduction to Practical Methods in Electroorganic Syntheses 1.1 Introduction to Electrosynthetic Methods 1.1.1 Approaching Electroorganic Synthesis 1.1.2 Mass Transport 1.1.2.1 Mass Transport and Computational Mechanistic Tools 1.1.3 Solvents and Electrolytes 1.1.3.1 Organic Solvents 1.1.3.2 Ionic Liquids 1.1.3.3 Polymer Solvents 1.2 Methodology for Direct Transformations 1.2.1 Anodic Processes 1.2.2 Cathodic Processes. 1.3 Methodology for Indirect and Catalytic Transformations1.3.1 Anodic Processes 1.3.2 Cathodic Processes 1.4 Methodology for Paired Transformations 1.5 Outlook, Conclusions, and Recommendations References Chapter 2 Cogeneration Electrosynthesis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Electricity and Chemical Cogeneration Processes 2.2.1 Introduction to Cogeneration 2.2.2 Chemical Cogeneration in Aqueous Electrolyte Fuel Cells 2.2.3 Chemical Cogeneration in Aqueous Phosphorous Acid Fuel Cells 2.2.4 Chemical Cogeneration in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. 2.2.5 Chemical Cogeneration in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells2.2.6 Chemical Cogeneration in Molten Salt Fuel Cells 2.3 Conclusion References Chapter 3 Photoelectrochemically Driven Electrosynthesis 3.1 Introduction to Photoelectrochemistry 3.2 Advantages of Light-Assisted Electrosynthesis in Mediator System 3.3 Light-Assisted Electrosynthesis by Natural Cobalamin Derivative 3.4 Light-Assisted Electrosynthesis by Vitamin B[sub(12)] Derivatives 3.5 Light-Assisted Electrosynthesis by Simple Vitamin B[sub(12)] Model Complex 3.6 Outer or Inner Photovoltaic Device Systems 3.7 Concluding Remarks. 5.2 Cathodic Conversions at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes5.2.1 Carbon Dioxide Reduction 5.2.2 Cathodic Reductive Coupling of Methyl Cinnamates 5.2.3 Reduction of Oximes 5.3 Anodic Transformations at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes 5.3.1 Alkoxylation Reactions 5.3.2 Fluorination 5.3.3 Cyanation 5.3.4 Cleavage of C, C-Bonds 5.3.5 Electrochemical Amination Reactions 5.3.6 Anodic Phenol Coupling Reaction 5.4 Novel Concepts and Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Reductions 5.4.1 Improvement of Existing Cathodes 5.4.2 Novel Cathode Materials 5.5 Summary References. Modern Electrosynthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry introduces readers to new ways of making materials and compounds using low waste processes, employing energy from electricity rather than chemical reagents. It explores electro-organic synthesis, which offers clean synthesis tools as well as unusual reaction intermediates and reaction types. Despite applications previously remaining niche, due to the advent of microfluidic reactors this book is a must-read for industry professionals and academics alike. It targets specific areas of recent progress and development in the field that show high novelty and potential, at the same time inviting a wider range of applications in green and clean technology. Read more... Abstract: Modern Electrosynthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry introduces readers to new ways of making materials and compounds using low waste processes, employing energy from electricity rather than chemical reagents. It explores electro-organic synthesis, which offers clean synthesis tools as well as unusual reaction intermediates and reaction types. Despite applications previously remaining niche, due to the advent of microfluidic reactors this book is a must-read for industry professionals and academics alike. It targets specific areas of recent progress and development in the field that show high novelty and potential, at the same time inviting a wider range of applications in green and clean technology "Highly practical yet authoritative, the new edition of Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology has been thoroughly updated and revised in line with changing health concerns. This successful book continues to outline the tools available to the infectious disease student or clinician seeking a thorough background in the epidemiology of infectious and communicable diseases. Building on many case studies and practical scenarios included, the book then uses the tools learnt to illustrate the fundamental concepts of the study of infectious diseases, such as infection spread, surveillance and control, Infectivity, incubation periods, seroepidemiology, and immunity in populations. New edition of this popular book, completely revised and updated, Retains the clarity and down-to-earth approach praised in previous editions, Successfully combines epidemiological theory with the principles of infectious disease treatment and control, A highly experienced author brings a personal and unique approach to this Important subject, All students of epidemiology, infectious disease medicine and microbiology will find this text invaluable, ensuring its continued popularity"-- Book jacket Modern Electrosynthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry introduces readers to new ways of making materials and compounds using low waste processes, employing energy from electricity rather than chemical reagents. It explores electro-organic synthesis, which offers clean synthesis tools as well as unusual reaction intermediates and reaction types. Despite applications previously remaining niche, due to the advent of microfluidic reactors this book is a must-read for industry professionals and academics alike. It targets specific areas of recent progress and development in the field that show high novelty and potential, at the same time inviting a wider range of applications in green and clean technology. Key Features: Offers clean synthesis tools Targets areas of recent progress and development Addresses the most recent advances in the field "Modern electrosynthetic methods in organic chemistry introduces readers to new ways of making materials and compounds using low waste processes, employing energy from electricity rather than chemical reagents. It explores electro-organic synthesis, which offers clean synthesis tools as well as unusual reaction intermediates and reaction types. Despite applications previously remaining niche, due to the advent of microfluidic reactors this book is a must-read for industry professionals and academics alike. It targets specific areas of recent progress and development in the field that show high novelty and potential, at the same time inviting a wider range of applications in green and clean technology."-- Résumé de l'éditeur "Modern electrosynthetic methods in organic chemistry introduces readers to new ways of making materials and compounds using low waste processes, employing energy from electricity rather than chemical reagents. It explores electro-organic synthesis, which offers clean synthesis tools as well as unusual reaction intermediates and reaction types. Despite applications previously remaining niche, due to the advent of microfluidic reactors this book is a must-read for industry professionals and academics alike. It targets specific areas of recent progress and development in the field that show high novelty and potential, at the same time inviting a wider range of applications in green and clean technology"--Provided by publisher Authoritative and detailed, yet concise and highly readable, this successful book continues to combine the principles of epidemiology with key fundamental concepts of infectious disease such as infection surveillance and control, incubation periods, seroepidemiology and immunity.