Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises: Explorations of Physical, Human, Economic, and Social Phenomena (Stevens Institute Series on Complex Systems and Enterprises)

Explains multi-level models of enterprise systems and covers modeling methodology This book addresses the essential phenomena underlying the overall behaviors of complex systems and enterprises. Understanding these phenomena can enable improving these systems. These phenomena range from physical, behavioral, and organizational, to economic and social, all of which involve significant human components. Specific phenomena of interest and how they are represented depend on the questions of interest and the relevant domains or contexts. Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises examines visualization of phenomena and how understanding the relationships among phenomena can provide the basis for understanding where deeper exploration is warranted. The author also reviews mathematical and computational models, defined very broadly across disciplines, which can enable deeper understanding. Presents a 10 step methodology for addressing questions associated with the design or operation of complex systems and enterprises Examines six archetypal enterprise problems including two from healthcare, two from urban systems, and one each from financial systems and defense systems Provides an introduction to the nature of complex systems, historical perspectives on complexity and complex adaptive systems, and the evolution of systems practice Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises is written for graduate students studying systems science and engineering and professionals involved in systems science and engineering, those involved in complex systems such as healthcare delivery, urban systems, sustainable energy, financial systems, and national security.

Explores the nature of academic enterprises, including why they work the way they do and where such enterprises are headed, with the goal of gaining insights into where change can and will happen

This book looks at universities from a whole-enterprise perspective. It explores the steady escalation of the costs of higher education and uses a computational economic model of complex academic enterprises. This model includes component models of research, teaching, administration, and brand value. Understanding the relationships among practices, processes, structure, and ecosystem provides the basis for transforming academia, leveraging its strengths and overcoming its limitations. More specifically, this architecture helps the reader understand how various elements of the enterprise system either enable or hinder other elements of the system, all of which are embedded in a complex behavioral and social ecosystem. Each topic is explored in terms of the levels of the architecture at which it primarily functions. Levers of change within each area are discussed, using many experiences of pursuing such issues in a range of academic enterprises.

• Provides a new methodology by taking a more systems-oriented approach to education systems as a whole

• Shows how various elements of the enterprise system either enable or hinder other elements of the system

• Offers alternative strategies for transformation of academic enterprises

Universities as Complex Enterprises: How Academia Works, Why It Works These Ways, and Where the University Enterprise Is Headed is a reference for systems scientists and engineers, economists, social scientists, and decision makers.

William B. Rouse is the Alexander Crombie Humphreys Chair within the School of Systems & Enterprises and Director of the Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey. He is also Professor Emeritus, and former Chair, of the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. Rouse has written hundreds of articles and book chapters, and has authored many books, including most recently Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises (Wiley, 2015).

A comprehensive text that reviews the methods and technologies that explore emergent behavior in complex systems engineering in multidisciplinary fields. Here, the authors present the theoretical considerations and the tools required to enable the study of emergent behaviors in manmade systems. A comprehensive text that reviews the methods and technologies that explore emergent behavior in complex systems engineering in multidisciplinary fieldsIn Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems Engineering, the authors present the theoretical considerations and the tools required to enable the study of emergent behaviors in manmade systems. Information Technology is key to today's modern world. Scientific theories introduced in the last five decades can now be realized with the latest computational infrastructure. Modeling and simulation, along with Big Data technologies are at the forefront of such exploration and investigation.The text offers a number of simulation-based methods, technologies, and approaches that are designed to encourage the reader to incorporate simulation technologies to further their understanding of emergent behavior in complex systems. The authors present a resource for those designing, developing, managing, operating, and maintaining systems, including system of systems. The guide is designed to help better detect, analyse, understand, and manage the emergent behaviour inherent in complex systems engineering in order to reap the benefits of innovations and avoid the dangers of unforeseen consequences. This vital resource:Presents coverage of a wide range of simulation technologies Explores the subject of emergence through the lens of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Offers contributions from authors at the forefront of various related disciplines such as philosophy, science, engineering, sociology, and economics Contains information on the next generation of complex systems engineeringWritten for researchers, lecturers, and students, Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems Engineering provides an overview of the current discussions on complexity and emergence, and shows how systems engineering methods in general and simulation methods in particular can help in gaining new insights in complex systems engineering Explores the nature of academic enterprises, including why they work the way they do and where such enterprises are headed, with the goal of gaining insights into where change can and will happen This book looks at universities from a whole-enterprise perspective. It explores the steady escalation of the costs of higher education and uses a computational economic model of complex academic enterprises. This model includes component models of research, teaching, administration, and brand value. Understanding the relationships among practices, processes, structure, and ecosystem provides the basis for transforming academia, leveraging its strengths and overcoming its limitations. More specifically, this architecture helps the reader understand how various elements of the enterprise system either enable or hinder other elements of the system, all of which are embedded in a complex behavioral and social ecosystem. Each topic is explored in terms of the levels of the architecture at which it primarily functions. Levers of change within each area are discussed, using many experiences of pursuing such issues in a range of academic enterprises. • Provides a new methodology by taking a more systems-oriented approach to education systems as a whole • Shows how various elements of the enterprise system either enable or hinder other elements of the system • Offers alternative strategies for transformation of academic enterprises Universities as Complex Enterprises: How Academia Works, Why It Works These Ways, and Where the University Enterprise Is Headed is a reference for systems scientists and engineers, economists, social scientists, and decision makers. William B. Rouse is the Alexander Crombie Humphreys Chair within the School of Systems & Enterprises and Director of the Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey. He is also Professor Emeritus, and former Chair, of the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. Rouse has written hundreds of articles and book chapters, and has authored many books, including most recently Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises (Wiley, 2015). A comprehensive text that reviews the methods and technologies that explore emergent behavior in complex systems engineering in multidisciplinary fields In Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems Engineering , the authors present the theoretical considerations and the tools required to enable the study of emergent behaviors in manmade systems. Information Technology is key to today's modern world. Scientific theories introduced in the last five decades can now be realized with the latest computational infrastructure. Modeling and simulation, along with Big Data technologies are at the forefront of such exploration and investigation. The text offers a number of simulation-based methods, technologies, and approaches that are designed to encourage the reader to incorporate simulation technologies to further their understanding of emergent behavior in complex systems. The authors present a resource for those designing, developing, managing, operating, and maintaining systems, including system of systems. The guide is designed to help better detect, analyse, understand, and manage the emergent behaviour inherent in complex systems engineering in order to reap the benefits of innovations and avoid the dangers of unforeseen consequences. This vital resource: Presents coverage of a wide range of simulation technologies Explores the subject of emergence through the lens of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Offers contributions from authors at the forefront of various related disciplines such as philosophy, science, engineering, sociology, and economics Contains information on the next generation of complex systems engineering Written for researchers, lecturers, and students, Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems Engineering provides an overview of the current discussions on complexity and emergence, and shows how systems engineering methods in general and simulation methods in particular can help in gaining new insights in complex systems engineering. A comprehensive text that reviews the methods and technologies that explore emergent behavior in complex systems engineering in multidisciplinary fields In Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems Engineering, the authors present the theoretical considerations and the tools required to enable the study of emergent behaviors in manmade systems. Information Technology is key to today's modern world. Scientific theories introduced in the last five decades can now be realized with the latest computational infrastructure. Modeling and simulation, along with Big Data technologies are at the forefront of such exploration and investigation. The text offers a number of simulation-based methods, technologies, and approaches that are designed to encourage the reader to incorporate simulation technologies to further their understanding of emergent behavior in complex systems. The authors present a resource for those designing, developing, managing, operating, and maintaining systems, including system of systems. The guide is designed to help better detect, analyse, understand, and manage the emergent behaviour inherent in complex systems engineering in order to reap the benefits of innovations and avoid the dangers of unforeseen consequences. This vital resource: -Presents coverage of a wide range of simulation technologies -Explores the subject of emergence through the lens of Modeling and Simulation (M & S) -Offers contributions from authors at the forefront of various related disciplines such as philosophy, science, engineering, sociology, and economics -Contains information on the next generation of complex systems engineering Written for researchers, lecturers, and students, Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems Engineering provides an overview of the current discussions on complexity and emergence, and shows how systems engineering methods in general and simulation methods in particular can help in gaining new insights in complex systems engineering CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STUDIES -- DISCLAIMER -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10 APPLIED COMPLEXITY SCIENCE: ENABLING EMERGENCE THROUGH HEURISTICS AND SIMULATIONS -- INTRODUCTION - A COARSE-GRAINED LOOK -- Overview -- Complex Systems and Emergence: A Path to Resilience -- Engineering Resilience -- DEFINITIONS AND A TAXONOMY FOR APPLIED COMPLEXITY SCIENCE -- Rigorous Definitions -- Complex Adaptive System -- Emergence -- Complicated System -- Engineering -- Utility Function -- HEURISTICS FOR APPLYING COMPLEXITY SCIENCE TO ENGINEER FOR EMERGENCE -- Enabling Emergence -- Complexity Is Not Always the Answer -- A Starting Point -- UNMANNED AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE (UxV) SWARMS -- Emergence in Swarms - Why Is a Swarm Resilient? -- Simulating Emergence and Exploring Applied Complexity Science Heuristics -- OPERATIONAL UxV SWARMS -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- DISCLAIMER -- REFERENCES -- SECTION III ENGINEERING EMERGENT BEHAVIOR IN COMPUTATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS -- CHAPTER 11 TOWARD THE AUTOMATED DETECTION OF EMERGENT BEHAVIOR -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW OF EXISTING WORK -- IDENTIFYING EMERGENCE USING INTERACTION GRAPHS -- Analysis and Visualization -- Hausdorff Distance -- Active Hausdorff Distance -- EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS -- Prototype Implementation -- Model Overview -- Experimental Results -- Discussion -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12 ISOLATING THE CAUSES OF EMERGENT FAILURES IN COMPUTER SOFTWARE -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- ISOLATING THE CAUSE OF DETERMINISTIC FAILURE -- Statistical Debugging Approaches -- State-Altering Approaches -- Other General Approaches -- Addressing Software with Multiple Faults -- EMERGENT FAILURES -- STOCHASTICS IN SOFTWARE -- Overview of Fuzzy Logic -- Fuzzy Passing Extents -- Fuzzy Passing Extents -- FAULTS ACTIVATED BY EFFECTS OF THE INTERNAL SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT -- Right Layer of Abstraction -- Tackling State-Space Explosion CHAPTER 4 GENERATIVE PARALLAX SIMULATION: CREATIVE COGNITION MODELS OF EMERGENCE FOR SIMULATION-DRIVEN MODEL DISCOVERY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Models as Cognitive Mediators -- Creative Cognition and Learning -- MODEL DISCOVERY AND EMERGENCE AS A CREATIVE COGNITION PROCESS -- GENERATIVE PARALLAX SIMULATION: BASIC CONCEPTS -- An Abstract Model of Creative Cognition -- Abstract Specification of the Structure and Dynamics of GPS -- A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE FOR MODEL ENSEMBLES AS COGNITIVE AGENTS -- MODEL EMERGENCE VIA REFLECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM -- Cognitive Coherence as a Selection Mechanism in Model Ensembles -- Computing the Equilibrium State of the Model Ensemble via Coherence Maximization -- Consensus Formation Among Parallax Model Ensembles -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION II EMERGENT BEHAVIOR MODELING IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS ENGINEERING -- CHAPTER 5 COMPLEX SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND THE CHALLENGE OF EMERGENCE -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND EMERGENCE -- Traditional Systems Engineering -- System of Systems Engineering -- Complex Systems Engineering -- UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING EMERGENCE -- Emergence Categories and System Properties -- Implications for Systems Behavior and Emergence -- The Elusiveness of Spooky Emergence -- SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION -- DISCLAIMER -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6 EMERGENCE IN COMPLEX ENTERPRISES -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- COMPLEX SYSTEMS -- MULTI-LEVEL MODELS -- EMERGENCE IN SOCIETY -- Approach to Modeling and Simulation -- EMERGENCE IN CITIES -- Approach to Modeling and Simulation -- EMERGENCE IN INSTITUTIONS -- Healthcare Delivery -- Higher Education -- Approach to Modeling and Simulation -- EMERGENCE IN COMPANIES -- Enterprise Transformation -- Approach to Modeling and Simulation -- ROLE OF MODELING AND SIMULATION -- Decision Making -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13 FROM MODULARITY TO COMPLEXITY: A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORK FOR CHARACTERIZING SYSTEMS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- CHARACTERIZING SYSTEMS -- Composition, Classification, and Levels -- Aspects and Mapping Relationships -- ASPECTS AND ABSTRACTIONS OF MODULARITY -- Three Core Aspects of Modularity -- Two Abstractions of Modularity -- ASPECTS OF COMPLEXITY -- Complexity as non-one-to-one function-structure mappings -- Context-Dependent Multi-Functionality and Architectural Flexibility -- Complexity as Ill-Defined Interfaces and Shifting System Boundaries -- Complexity as Overlapping Levels -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX A: MAPPING MODULARITY DEFINITIONS TO ASPECTS OF MODULARITY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14 THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL SCHEMAS AND LOSSY CONCEPTUAL INFORMATION NETWORKS: HOW INFORMATION TRANSMISSION CAN LEAD TO THE APPARENT "EMERGENCE" OF CULTURE -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- CONSENSUS IN LARGE HUMAN SOCIAL GROUPS -- Theoretical Discussion: Reduction and Emergence -- Theoretical Discussion: Method for Computational Testing -- OVERVIEW OF MODEL -- TESTING THE MODEL -- RESULTS -- EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL CONSENSUS IN THE IIS -- CONCLUSION: EMERGENCE, WHAT IS CLAIMED, AND WHAT SHOULD NEVER BE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF EMERGENT BEHAVIOR IN TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE RESTORATION -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH -- METHODOLOGY -- Factors Affecting Available Road Capacity -- Model Explanation -- ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK -- REFERENCES -- SECTION IV RESEARCH AGENDA -- CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH AGENDA FOR NEXT-GENERATION COMPLEX SYSTEMS ENGINEERING -- SUMMARY -- ON ENGINEERING EMERGENCE: LEARNING FROM OTHERS -- MAKING SENSE OF EMERGENT BEHAVIOR: A MIXED METHOD APPROACH -- Live, Virtual, and Constructive as a Generator of Ontological Emergence CHAPTER 7 EMERGENCE IN INFORMATION ECONOMIES: AN AGENT-BASED MODELING PERSPECTIVE -- INTRODUCTION -- EMERGENCE IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES -- INFORMATION ECONOMIES AND COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE -- WHY AGENT-BASED MODELING? -- MODEL OVERVIEW -- Purpose -- State Variables and Scales -- Process Overview and Scheduling -- Design Concepts -- DETAILS -- Initialization -- Input -- Submodels -- EXPERIMENT AND FINDINGS -- The Emergence of Scaling -- Technological "Lock In -- Equifinality -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8 MODELING EMERGENCE IN SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS USING THERMODYNAMIC CONCEPTS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- THERMODYNAMICS AND ITS EXPLANATORY ADVANTAGES -- EMERGENCE AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS -- Chemical Reactions -- Factors That Affect Chemical Reactions -- DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF EMERGENCE IN SOS -- Analogies Between Chemical Systems and Engineered Systems -- A Conceptual Model of Emergence in System of Systems -- POTENTIAL IMPLICATION -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE WORK -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9 INDUCED EMERGENCE IN COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: MULTIMODELS AND DYNAMIC COUPLINGS AS METHODOLOGICAL BASIS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INDUCED EMERGENCE -- Emergence in Computational Social Systems Engineering -- Induced Emergence in Simulation-Based Computational Social Systems Engineering -- Sustainability of Civilizations, Induced Emergence, and Role of Simulation-Based Computational Social Systems Engineering -- MULTIMODELS -- An Intuitive Introduction -- A Systematic View -- MODEL COUPLING -- VARIABLE STRUCTURE MODELS -- Time-Varying Couplings -- Extensible Model -- Restrainable Models -- INDUCED EMERGENCE IN COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: ROLES OF MULTIMODELS -- BEYOND AGENT-BASED FOR MULTIMODELING AND SIMULATING EMERGENCE COVER -- TITLE PAGE -- COPYRIGHT -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- ABOUT THE EDITORS -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- SECTION I EMERGENT BEHAVIOR IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS -- CHAPTER 1 METAPHYSICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACCOUNTS OF EMERGENCE: VARIETIES OF FUNDAMENTALITY AND THEORETICAL COMPLETENESS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- TO EXPLAIN IS NOT TO ELIMINATE -- EMERGENT PROPERTIES AND MORE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES -- WHERE DOES THE PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEM OF EMERGENCE COME FROM? -- INCOMPLETENESS -- MODELS, EMERGENCE, AND FUNDAMENTALITY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2 EMERGENCE: WHAT DOES IT MEAN AND HOW IS IT RELEVANT TO COMPUTER ENGINEERING? -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- MAPPING MEANINGS OF EMERGENCE -- Strong and Weak Emergence -- Complexity in the Mathematics of Non-linear Dynamical Systems -- EMERGENCE IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING -- CONCLUSION: FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM THEORETIC FOUNDATIONS FOR EMERGENT BEHAVIOR MODELING: THE CASE OF EMERGENCE OF HUMAN LANGUAGE IN A RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED COMPLEX INTELLIGENT DYNAMICAL SYSTEM -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- DEVS Formalism -- Well-Definition of Systems -- Attention-Switching in Resource-Constrained Complex Intelligent Dynamical Systems (RCIDS) -- EMERGENCE OF LANGUAGE CAPABILITIES IN HUMAN EVOLUTION -- Tri-Layered Architecture -- FUNDAMENTAL SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR RCIDS FOR EMERGENCE OF LANGUAGE EXAMPLE -- Well-Formed RCIDS for Allowing Accurate Emergent Behavior -- DEVS-Based Well-Formed RCIDS for Two Agents in Conversation -- PERSPECTIVES: EVOLUTION AND SYSTEM MODELING -- Evolution Domain Perspective -- System Modeling Perspective -- RCIDS AND ACTIVITY-BASED PERSPECTIVE ON SHARED ATTENTION -- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK -- APPENDIX A: LIMITATIONS OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATES WITH RESPECT TO ALTERNATION OF DISCOURSE -- DISCLAIMER -- REFERENCES

A guide to a holistic approach to healthcare measurement aimed at improving access and outcomes

Healthcare System Access is an important resource that bridges two areas of research—access modeling and healthcare system engineering. The book's mathematical modeling approach highlights fundamental approaches on measurement of and inference on healthcare access. This mathematical modeling facilitates translating data into knowledge in order to make data-driven estimates and projections about parameters, patterns, and trends in the system. The complementary engineering approach uses estimates and projections about the system to better inform efforts to design systems that will yield better outcomes.

The author—a noted expert on the topic—offers an in-depth exploration of the concepts of systematic disparities, reviews measures for systematic disparities, and presents a statistical framework for making inference on disparities with application to disparities in access. The book also includes information health outcomes in the context of prevention and chronic disease management. In addition, this text:

• Integrates data and knowledge from various fields to provide a framework for decision making in transforming access to healthcare
• Provides in-depth material including illustrations of how to use state-of-art methodology, large data sources, and research from various fields
• Includes end-of-chapter case studies for applying concepts to real-world conditions

Written for health systems engineers, Healthcare System Access: Measurement, Inference, and Intervention puts the focus on approaches to measure healthcare access and addresses important enablers of such change in healthcare towards improving access and outcomes.

A guide to a holistic approach to healthcare measurement aimed at improving access and outcomes Healthcare System Access is an important resource that bridges two areas of research—access modeling and healthcare system engineering. The book's mathematical modeling approach highlights fundamental approaches on measurement of and inference on healthcare access. This mathematical modeling facilitates translating data into knowledge in order to make data-driven estimates and projections about parameters, patterns, and trends in the system. The complementary engineering approach uses estimates and projections about the system to better inform efforts to design systems that will yield better outcomes. The author—a noted expert on the topic—offers an in-depth exploration of the concepts of systematic disparities, reviews measures for systematic disparities, and presents a statistical framework for making inference on disparities with application to disparities in access. The book also includes information health outcomes in the context of prevention and chronic disease management. In addition, this text: Integrates data and knowledge from various fields to provide a framework for decision making in transforming access to healthcare Provides in-depth material including illustrations of how to use state-of-art methodology, large data sources, and research from various fields Includes end-of-chapter case studies for applying concepts to real-world conditions Written for health systems engineers, Healthcare System Access: Measurement, Inference, and Intervention puts the focus on approaches to measure healthcare access and addresses important enablers of such change in healthcare towards improving access and outcomes. **Explains multi-level models of enterprise systems and covers modeling methodology** This book addresses the essential phenomena underlying the overall behaviors of complex systems and enterprises. Understanding these phenomena can enable improving these systems. These phenomena range from physical, behavioral, and organizational, to economic and social, all of which involve significant human components. Specific phenomena of interest and how they are represented depend on the questions of interest and the relevant domains or contexts. Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises examines visualization of phenomena and how understanding the relationships among phenomena can provide the basis for understanding where deeper exploration is warranted. The author also reviews mathematical and computational models, defined very broadly across disciplines, which can enable deeper understanding. * Presents a 10 step methodology for addressing questions associated with the design or operation of complex systems and enterprises * Examines six archetypal enterprise problems including two from healthcare, two from urban systems, and one each from financial systems and defense systems * Provides an introduction to the nature of complex systems, historical perspectives on complexity and complex adaptive systems, and the evolution of systems practice __Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises__ is written for graduate students studying systems science and engineering and professionals involved in systems science and engineering, those involved in complex systems such as healthcare delivery, urban systems, sustainable energy, financial systems, and national security. "This book bridges two areas of research, access modeling and healthcare system engineering, highlighting fundamental approaches on measurement of and inference on healthcare access. It begins with an introduction that provides a broad outline of the motivation and background for the need of understanding access for the healthcare system. The book moves on to characterize healthcare access within a classical multidimensional framework consisting of five dimensions, affordability, accessibility, availability, accommodation and acceptability. It then introduces the concepts of systematic disparities, reviews measures for systematic disparities, and presents a statistical framework for making inference on disparities with application to disparities in access. The book also introduces the concept of health outcomes in the context of prevention and chronic disease management. Final chapters describe the concepts of policy and network interventions and different data sources and structures with various inferential objectives. Health policy in the United States and other countries has embarked on substantive transformation towards improving access to healthcare. The discourse around the topic of healthcare access has brought many innovations in healthcare delivery with enormous opportunities for improvements in the health and wellbeing of the society. However, there is much to be learned about how on-going transformations in healthcare delivery and policy will impact the system in terms of addressing health disparities, improving health outcomes and providing high quality, affordable healthcare for everyone with limited resources"-- Provided by publisher Examines current and prospective challenges surrounding global challenges of education, energy, healthcare, security, and resilience This book discusses issues in large-scale systems in the United States and around the world. The authors examine the challenges of education, energy, healthcare, national security, and urban resilience. The book covers challenges in education including America's use of educational funds, standardized testing, and the use of classroom technology. On the topic of energy, this book examines debates on climate, the current and future developments of the nuclear power industry, the benefits and cost decline of natural gases, and the promise of renewable energy. The authors also discuss national security, focusing on the issues of nuclear weapons, terrorism and cyber security. Urban resilience is addressed in the context of natural threats such as hurricanes and floods. Studies the usage of a globalized benchmark for both student and pedagogical performance Covers topics such as surveillance, operational capabilities, movement of resources, and the pros and cons of globalization Examines big data, evolving medical methodologies and effects on the medical educational curriculum, and the positive effects of electronic records in healthcare data Perspectives on Complex Global Challenges: Education, Energy Healthcare, Security, and Resilience serves as a reference for government officials, personnel in security, business executives and system engineers. With contributions from many well known thought leaders, Perspectives on Complex Global Challenges: Education, Energy, Healthcare, Security, and Resilience examines current and prospective issues faced on a large scale in the United States and around the world. This book covers the following areas and topics: Education includes America's use of educational funds, standardized testing, and classroom technology, taking into account a global benchmark for both student and pedagogical performance, Energy revolves around climate, the electric grid, current and future developments of the nuclear power industry, the benefits and cost decline of oil and gas, and the promises of renewable energies, Healthcare examines value-based healthcare, changing priorities for medical education, the benefits of electronic records in managing health-care data, and the increasing use of big data, National security discusses nuclear weapons, terrorism, and cyber security, and maintaining leadership in science and technology central to defense, Urban resilience is addressed in the context US and European cities and how they are affected by natural threats such as hurricanes and floods, Perspectives on Complex Global Challenges: Education, Energy, Healthcare, Security, and Resilience serves as a reference for government officials, policy makers, business executives, and system engineers Edited By Elisabeth Paté-cornell, William B. Rouse. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.